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SMITHSONIAN
MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 126
“RVERY MAN IS A VALUABLE MEMBER OF SOCIETY WHO, BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCHES,
AND EXPERIMENTS, PROCURES KNOWLEDGE FOR MEN’’—JAMES SMITHSON
(PusicaTIon 4263)
CITY OF WASHINGTON
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
1956
THE LORD BALTIMORE PRESS, INC.
BALTIMORE, MD., U.S.A.
ADVERTISEMENT
The Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections series contains, since the
suspension in 1916 of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,
all the publications issued directly by the Institution except the An-
nual Report and occasional publications of a special nature. As the
name of the series implies, its scope is not limited, and the volumes
thus far issued relate to nearly every branch of science. Papers in
the fields of biology, geology, anthropology, and astrophysics have
predominated.
LEONARD CARMICHAEL,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
(iti)
nel PPAR Cs,
ahiere leipecelaeatiandiaes
nF . wie Sd ee nn 1 Pei Retionii oath. eteeel i (
i m mY aneeertra') apiadittita? addy bo Atay th ig
ae ee Wikre Foest acetal
" dinghies: FRYERS My buted “sd aie
LA Agee 2 cl ol ne
OA gs Wen of on Sle
val iat
i } tie oe é ny ’ she j 7 a sts add By! *
CONTENTS
I. SmitH, Lyman B. The Bromeliaceae of Brazil. 290 pp., 128 figs.
Sept. 7, 1955. (Publ. 4184.)
2. Cooper, Paut L. The archeological and paleontological salvage
program in the Missouri Basin, 1950-1951. 99 pp., 12 pls.,
I fig. Apr. 28, 1955. (Publ. 4188.)
3. LorsLticH, ALFRED R., Jr., and TAPPAN, HELEN. A revision of
some glanduline Nodosariidae (Foraminifera). 9 pp., 1 pl.
Feb. 3, 1955. (Publ. 4189.)
(v)
03
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7
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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOLUME 126, NUMBER 1
flary Waux THalcott Fund for
Publications in Botany
THE BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL
By
LYMAN B. SMITH
Department of Botany, U. S. National Museum
With 128 illustrations by
Rosert J. Downs
U. S. Department of Agriculture
(PusiicaTion 4184)
CITY OF WASHINGTON
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
SEPTEMBER 7, 1955
The Lord Baltimore Preas
BALTIMORE, MD., U. 8. A.
PREFACE
This paper, by Dr. Lyman B. Smith, associate curator of the De-
partment of Botany, U. S. National Museum, is based on 25 years of
study in the United States, Europe, and Brazil. Much of the paper
has been derived from an unpublished manuscript prepared for the
“Flora Brasilica” of the Instituto de Botanica of Sao Paulo. How-
ever, in order to make a more compact work appropriate for the field
as well as the herbarium, bibliography has been limited to that strictly
essential in Brazil and descriptions have been eliminated in favor of
ampler keys.
Illustrations are provided in a proportion slightly better than one
to every five species but are irregularly apportioned in order to sup-
port the key to the best effect and to cover all the 39 new species
proposed.
Jason R. SwWALLEeN
Head Curator, Depariment of Botany
U. S. National Museum
Se aiid siskens sede. & manele ale
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Preface
Peitragietiatie eee wide ctaeeicshs sc ccs wee sce me
Wir gel Te oy Om GHEE oo tt Oc eee Deere eee
GOGETABIIGAL CHAHONE! sicic.c cee n sce sc ceesc ees
IDIsthibiutiOmMand Omen es ofesciecaes cd cists aietalow =
PE COMAM ASPECTS eta iaie eo) 5:2, 0.0 60) 6 nin oon ne an
Te kescatetiostya aa 0s pore SOO rite GEC ee are rte
Preliminary records
CONTENTS
Ce ed
SVSHSMIAING TRCALMIENE oa. wietais stale <0.0.0 5 » ashe,c.ee.sia.0.0
Exeludediand tdoubtiul) taxa. 326.4 6< «:2.00102:s010.0 06
1etever) Mate (lige! Ay On GO ORR OORT Oe en eee
Index
Map: Distribution of Bromeliaceae in Brazil
Ly OC COSA Nae ters tocrcraie ss sie wise se etaie
. encholitign: bradeatium .............:
, Hencholirtunm spectabile’.............0<-
POO CHMORM A MOEIOR, (oon oe cecue cscs ae cae
G LaMeiEA CYIAMEHSIS eee a ce ees
MEE SEICIOTEY Cig. se cs vs ee ses cones
e~Wentesocohnia meziana,.... 0... sn oe
Fig.
I,
CON AURWN
soe
= ©
Le
© ON Auf W
bHHYHDYNYHHA
SSeSNAAKSKES
TEXT FIGURES
PUPItcaitnia WIapensis ....s..ecessceenes
PPEiCAMM a CAMICILONA. 21. ...a cc's « sre eens
12.
SMUDRAD MAEM S's aw sc accsnee de edaues
Pe DyGkid, IeMtOStaGnva ssc. o.ee sce scien
. Dyckia encholirioides var. encholirioides
Peed EMMSIE oe dens cccscenctcavenan
. Dyckia tuberosa var. tuberosa ..........
MLV Cid ns IAGCU OU nets ss os sncereeartine nee hietae
ply Cheta'e TIVIAG TIEN) Vera). « aveecoalemecie eo crite
PID VEksaT WeUGelliatia: |< s\es.cj.0 +s ce celener
Seite WNOCAIT. cal ac s sos eee cd nae no eee
f cilandsia ‘adpressifiora ..\....'./sciece sss
Pot Maden MUSeel |... .'.'. xa vie oem
. Tillandsia geminiflora var. geminiflora .
* Villandsia ‘stricta var. stricta 26.5. 0027%
y SA MMAMCSIA TANCEDS +5 0006 SUSU SN sheet
y Pilandsig streptocarpa.....¢ «cases deat
ye buattasia ustegices O76). Gek ae
Brocchinia Teducta (2... sce. sesc cece
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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Page
By NSTESIA) OCIS ASTANA ~c.s anak ateveswevoantarets sess vate sens aie sie eRe IIo
NOES SCEINEHINA: K 55 sania ned oen oe daw tid ba Soe See eee IIo
WV niesia. iriburgensis, var. paludosas.. cs. s+ ss « veane tiene II4
PVITIESIA ‘PLrOCElay Valk. (PLOCELA. Lia cre vie etels et ateie one ee ee erro 114
yA aes Sisal (sss ae eee ool ab oe oe hers aele ee ee 117
. Vriesia philippocoburgii var. philippocoburgii ...............6. EL7
erN-Eresias hochneana’ 2%." ih oe eteae «tices eles sopele ate seein ere vicina eee II9
VaNirresia *ariazOniGa’ sft) suet cee els sole lle ele Bete ere eee teteret eeene teres 119
OVetesia liergalvghtiga’ (424'0.1.05 25 vases walle oe eee eee 121
Y Weresia ‘ségadas-yianintae’ 4°7.°. s/s’ we os ae abet ets oe eee vos tae
ee Viniesia* etythivadacty lon 7c eset ere ee eee eee 125
POW tienia’ CARIIAEA *.',°.'.'5'. TON tle are hole ee ee ee 125
oVrtesia’ psittacina var. psittacing*.")’./.. 04 Saber e ete eee eros
eV riesia ensilorniis var, GNSIPOrts "... Os eee Ce eee reece 128
PPV TeSkey FORA 4%; <b les eee eee ea hay eta babe tenets eae 131
. Vriesia platynema var. platynema ............ a atcteree tects BA ie i!
PV NeSia.'SEALAIIO: “< sis.c:cka ae eS Dee a eRe ee ss iSiederore aie . 9385
», WFiesia Corcovadensis’.. 045 feteAwee de sx ncpas aa pin oad aera 135
py Canela STARUIOT «. canes scans acoiee Sal cig ee oh ae et a sh 139
PACEONGIS DETLEFOMIATIA. oc. aynran eeidid esd Vc.9 6s + Suds eee « Jao
QeMisted {AUAIRE 2.1.5.0 hee ee ei eee aoe aie cicla ea gua ee eles LAE
| GARAROCOREHS ‘SOCIMIARUS (6.0sd tithes Wes Galea aceon 22 cite ee 141
fastreptocalysx: foribundus) «te. cusses on so sence Se lee oe 143
a wkteptacaiyx POEPPIAIS ... «svc cies eh x's eames css atuauteate vocg Bae
DMNGOPEREIIA. IGEVIS: os. avs vaseews med Coane alc see eee ink eke eine 150
peNeorerelia hoehneana sc (ches sete kis ork te nna aac eee ios in eee 150
pp Neoregelia leprosa: .:..5\:.osmemmeie waar ad asinine ad patina oe I5I
RRVCORERE lia: HISHIBHSES, | cali ceccpeoisont hort an aan ko eet aa a I5I
Ep WPORECHID CHCATIA 5 255. iacc'a Grate at tale ates & ote ponte als Gatate nin ans a) See
baecbeseita lathitnanent oy. ctasen sa oe nie ahha kiss Satie meals 153
; Neoregelia siacrosepala |... ...</sseesbrne senate te appa n ctins 154
, Neoregelia oligantha. 4). <is0rssiesqueeeo se ssphalhae toe pee Ri « 154
Pp INGOFERELA CLUEMtA 4.6 s)sr.asisa na erwmieisin Wau Melaa a cancun sigh, Sedat e 155
» Neorepelia COMCentriCa a5 cv <u dics mame erie ets ange Sa Re a 155
» Dreorerelia paticiiora . 5c. « 00ers bene te bated san ome 156
. Neoregelia melanodont <<. .- pstndesre aed acca sys Rene Bee a 156
+ MOSS PEASEUUS UALTEL 5 os cccaine pan an eee as wie aah oy ails aie 159
, ‘Cryptanthus piseudoscaposas’ ..5 css asaye tase eae cand’ pen bell sin 159
oeMpeATOUs HMNALIET. |. s/<.a< ey eninge eee a Ane Gee es 2 162
PEC IMEAMMES SATE INATIS «2 ssh cesue nen me = eRe an Gada nea 162
piCrypeamtnus beuckert ... :..\.¢:.aku sie teeeeiiin wace tas ok a RII 163
CRYMEANENUS PICKElli |... 02s .acie dale whe Poet edie wdah eRe 163
e Widglariam Burchellit ....21Jeuate\- uae peienda? giatietn ts <5 166
, Nidularinm Bullbergioides ......caacatavcdan spiivtes ecaheiatlet> <x 166
» Nidularium innocentii var. inocentit’,. us axosieus odeantl > <2 169
. Dlidularism itatiaise ....,. .<«<canaesaeuereeneee ait. sebae tis. ic 169
. Nidularium apiculatum var. apiculatum ..............eeeeeeee 173
NSU, BOUL OATIE o aan: 5 open eal s ea emibcrzee. atalieck? P. se 173
. Bromelia: Taciniosa «....,......<casseuauauaeeteeeense. aeeacti tr 176
NO. I CONTENTS Vil
Page
Ge ROMINA SNORTED Cra ic 4)5 0's. 010s 0,6 +0 4-25 4 Renee MERRIE er Vieleps ar 176
ES PGI ONTA OIE Diao sain bo x's 0:8 a oo 5 sya dle Ee ete eee ee ee 178
82. Acamtheerach ye SUrOUUaCea 0.5.) seed osc to Slee wae Mal dee betes 178
Pee COPRIICH MINEO WAMIIETRITD dike: os 2 s,s o's aiaa s amarene «eames Melee 180
84. Orthophytumimaracasense’ ....).2..0 2. os esieadeneeeen eae 180
65, Orthapaytiany cisiimerat 2 iee os 2. PER wale ice eee easiness 182
86: Canistuumecvathitorine wecdc ar es cand fee et ee Hoe eat 182
87. Canistrum lindenii var. roseum f. procerum ...........+.ee++0s 185
Gia WN ARTESIAN SUMERUE. occ sa ais gs one's oc aie.) othe eevee eons 185
DN IPORIA CREIPOS-DOKEOL «ooh... wa v0 «reese pemtta eee mene eee 187
Ona at ticlomia PUTER click sc u.ccs.c + Sac once arate Siar RRS 187
OL Glahemiseneis Stelaty, patsy: bat ss vi. isd ey Ane eentem arenes 189
APPARENT SMZEIIMEDE, oo. ac, a , ace: c minldiccernsn pare atahineke eames eI 189
Ge, Wonenuer pid PANEUSEA SS. cok ace Candia Sea ae oe eee 192
asta AOSD std Sie. sate: oisteln's aiaie'e vile « Ohad AE ee a Se 192
iors Ce clint cM cet?) 5) a a ar, MER! MR Ne vate UY We 204
a NEN TAMIR ard cs's oi v:di esa 6.5. iain ayers teganebh ae ea 204
BPC TRIGD "AN GOREINGN ao. oe. a otiraia, «. ve) ove 5. <'e a, Schwere eRe 207
Pees RDC GPERIOED Oa .'. css oo > cs a tad oo ee eee ue ER ee nee 207
Ge -Aechmes Tineniata vatlingilata 02... 212
TOOSAANCChimeayHIC OOH Shi. Skis ele eeiaieits ideale ones ee eee 212
ror. Aechmea distichantha var. distichantha .....5....:ssse0sere0 ea 6
Tila) FACOG. SEER) in \d cin in.» diss nis. s 9 0-5 9 pie a pee ielare isan eM mie ai alare 218
THs. Aechmes midieaulis vat. cuspidata ....... ssaequwacdesweewen ante 223
iit, ecules OFHata Var, NOGNTCATIA .. . .s. sani ss peienibe meas eae 223
MOG, Mochmded Servata 6 ies vs eves ceo Moied. See renee aes 225
neo: (Acres Eriatietlaris Go). hci . scr a cee See a eee 225
DOG. PNECHETEA SINACH Abas hat .16;ocausvs (a: si er-3 Sisuel ars ekdkohenei Re PaCS SRR eae 226
TOSS Nechimea Chliokopiiylla’ 1:20 \s\s,.+ a « aoe am oeiteneateteieerenoitare 226
TE) CCHS SAUIEPEOI, cco o.e + « «0.5 000 5.9 aapitieal REE eI Belen 228
BEG. Motion, IENEMEPIS ... aes sss cess «52 oe eup ee emerentan ees 228
Wii) Wechines! castanes 3. 0... eis. biked Hee cen iene ea nnn cee 230
RIS CR CoRCMAT BE VENSIG Lo... «22 os ov vs’ Hale gece bree WamIe iaearattons 230
WT setae ER TIMIETI gh acces «6: woes yonsm apy. e cele ia een eae a ae es 232
UAL OAS, MORIA as 6» oie, 4, 0:0.» «0:0 "sis om ae ata eter cet 232
TES SMT IA MICTR CA ira ecos 6. c\a'pe 0 01,0 + 010s 0/0/5 Onin Ele pee EaRIMR MRD a ie aes 239
Tio. Gilisereia anigetn var. amoena ... 7). fecsgeseeceutesets ces bc 239
117. Billberpia itidifolia ‘var. iridifolia i032). Ae saeeeee aesoens aes 241
18, Billbereia.distachia var. distachia <:;.. <2 doae.kew wee sees sia. « 241
7G). .Billheteia. uta vars) NUtANS .«,«/jhsiaja die AEM EEIEE eee 5 243
B20, BUBGreta WUNAEUM 5 «> 6%.cic.e\nisns Se abe RRMIaE EON wbicialsl' is 243
121. Billbergia pyramidalis var. pyramidalis ...........2...ccceeees 245
Bee) TOUTS ET AIA, PORECEIADA 5 0-0 « 010s 0:.mig min area Ie eae ey Cheese 8 245
TSA etd CUI ses eas ok a oss su on ie ee Re clan as ees 249
Tae Were aetavid Parieeata 2.0 oss: oan eee eins scene ws 249
TES ad Bboy R22 we yo) eT a eR PS Hl we lhe a la 251
Pe SEO SEATAS SAPEDATIUS 5). 04. < 0cmmnthe melamine edad eusie 62 sm ois 251
Pay pA AS UDIEZ IMUICLIOLY | alse 5 alka areledn ceele ete raat Sai eale oe ioieokts 254
ied dd,
4s! abe pred Sod:
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on ae Pap ame ‘nS Aa gue. rerdixsdoly, ras -
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have. te fi qiyhnts UA Ada peh ese s Bag Th wee,
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PRA Ee Stik “s =A tht Ud aera Watweyig Mipegat)
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Mary Waux Walcott Fund for
Publications in Botany
THE BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL
By LYMAN B. SMITH
Department of Botany
U. S. National Museum
With 128 illustrations by
Rosert J. Downs
U. S. Department of Agriculture
INTRODUCTION
The present paper is written to organize the mass of recent species
of Brazilian Bromeliaceae in relation to past works to form a new
basis for other branches of biological study. In doing this it takes
into account the interest in the discovery and propagation of brome-
liads for economic and horticultural purposes and at the same time
the necessity for their destruction in limited areas to effect the control
of malaria. I am indebted to a great number of people and institu-
tions for help in the first instance and to the Servico Nacional de
Malaria of Brazil and to the Rockefeller Foundation for an under-
standing of the public health situation.
The Bromeliaceae of Brazil have been covered exhaustively three
different times in the last 60 years by their great monographer, Carl
Mez.t His most recent treatment in 1934 and 1935 in the Pflanzen-
reich indicated nearly 500 species as native to Brazil, yet since then
135 additional species have been discovered and still continue to ap-
pear so rapidly that 39 of them could not be published before the
present paper.
This proportionately great increase in our knowledge of the group
is due to two sources unavailable to Mez—intensive collections since
his monograph, and large collections in the herbaria of the United
States and Brazil which, for some reason, he failed to see although
they mainly predated his work. Since 1935 the collecting of brome-
liads by systematic botanists has continued at much the same pace as
before and has resulted in additions to the Brazilian flora, but the
great increase in information has come from the horticultural side
through the intensive collections of Mulford and Racine Foster and
1 Jn Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 3, pt. 3: 173-034. 1891-1804. In De Candolle,
Monographiae Phanerogamarum 9: 1-990. 1896. Jn Engler, Das Pflanzenreich
IV. 32: 1-667. 1934-1935.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 126, NO. 1
2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
in public health through the researches of Father Raulino Reitz and
Dr. Henrique Pimenta Veloso.
The Fosters have traveled widely in search of striking bromeliads
but have made their greatest efforts in the rain forest area of extreme
eastern Brazil, the home of the great majority of the ornamental
species. I gratefully acknowledge that they have not forgotten to
collect the lowly “botanicals” or nonglamorous types at the same time.
Also they have the rewarding system of collecting sterile plants,
which on blooming years later often prove to be species of exceptional
interest. While the general collector frequently neglects or ignores
bromeliads because of the great difficulty of collecting and preserving
them, the Fosters have concentrated on them to the practical exclusion
of all other families. As a result more than half of the new species
described since 1935 have been based upon their collections.
Reitz and Veloso have concentrated their efforts on the bromeliads
of Santa Catarina in connection with the campaign undertaken in
recent years by the Servico Nacional de Malaria. Although Reitz
has discovered a number of new species, he has made a much more
important contribution to our knowledge of the variation and distribu-
tion of species already known. In fact, he has changed the status of
the bromeliad flora there from the least known in the eastern rain
forest to equality with the best. Veloso, using Reitz’s taxonomic
studies as a base, has given us a detailed picture of the ecology of
the Santa Catarina bromeliads (Anais Botanicos do Herbario “Bar-
bosa Rodrigues”: 187-270. 1952) which has yet to be approached
elsewhere.
Mez saw the Bromeliaceae in practically all the important European
herbaria and from near chaos erected a detailed and logical system.
However, he noted little from this side of the Atlantic beyond citing
my early papers, and, as these dealt chiefly with non-Brazilian brome-
liads, he missed not only most of the novelties but also the rich distri-
butional data in United States and Brazilian herbaria.
For the past 25 years, thanks to Dr. F. C. Hoehne, former director
of the Instituto de Botanica in S40 Paulo, I have enjoyed every
advantage of its ample herbarium, from a constant supply of speci-
mens to lavish facilities for publishing and illustrating the results of
my studies. Nor should I forget the field experience gained at Alto
da Serra and Moysés Kuhlmann’s original technique for collecting
epiphytes.
To Dr. P. Campos Porto, director of the Jardim Botanico do Rio
de Janeiro, I am indebted not only for the opportunity to study in
the garden and herbarium but also for the hospitality that enabled me
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 3
to collect in the two great national parks administered by the Jardim,
Itatiaia and Serra dos Orgaos.
Dra. Heloisa Alberto Torres, director of the Museu Nacional, not
only provided me with every facility in the herbarium but also ar-
ranged for a rapid series of field trips in Rio and Minas with the
help of the whole department of botany under the leadership of Dr.
F, Segadas Vianna. Here I should explain that owing to the number
of people on these trips I was obliged to abbreviate the citation of
collections to “Smith & Mus R,” indicating that the number was mine
but the expedition a joint enterprise.
Dr. Alexandre Curt Brade, both when at the Museu and later at
the Jardim, has helped me exceedingly with specimens and with his ©
detailed knowledge of botanical history and geography.
I have studied with Father Raulino Reitz in his Herbario “Barbosa
Rodrigues” while enjoying the hospitality of the Seminario at Azam-
buja, Brusque, and have collected widely with him in eastern Santa
Catarina.
As my citations will indicate, I have received help by brief meet-
ings and by correspondence with a number of other Brazilian bota-
nists. Among these are Dr. Felisberto Camargo, former director of
the Instituto Agronémico do Norte and authority on the pineapple ;
Dr. J. Murea Pires, head of the department of botany of the same;
Dr. A. Ducke, famous explorer of the Amazon; Father Bento Pickel,
formerly of the Instituto das Pesquizas Agronomicas, Pernambuco,
and his successor, Dr. Dardano A. Lima; Dr. Joao José Seabra of
the Faculdade de Filosofia da Bahia; Dr. Amaro Macedo of Ituiutaba,
Minas Gerais; Dr. Carlos Stellfeld, Director of the Museu Paranaense;
Dr. Guenter Tessmann and Dr. Gert Hatschbach of Curitiba, Parana;
the late Father Eugenio Leite ; and Father B. Rambo, director of the
Herbario Anchieta and authority on the flora of Rio Grande do Sul.
Finally, there remain a host of Brazilians too numerous to mention
whose help in the herbarium and in the field is warmly remembered.
MATERIAL
I am indebted to those in charge of the following herbaria for the
opportunity to study their material (abbreviations wherever possible
follow Lanjouw & Stafleu, Index Herbariorum, part 1) :?
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Na- Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, New York
turales Bernardino Rivadavia, (BH).
Buenos Aires (BA).
2Regnum Vegetabile 2: 1-167. 1952.
4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
British Museum of Natural History
(BM).
Jardin Botanique de 1’Etat, Brussels
(BR).
Jenman Herbarium, Department of
Agriculture, British Guiana
(BRG).
University of Cambridge, Great
Britain (CGE).
Chicago Natural History Museum,
formerly the Field Museum (F).
Faculdade de Filosofia da Bahia (FF
Bahia).
Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique,
Geneva (G).
Gray Herbarium of Harvard Univer-
sity (GH).
Herbario “Barbosa Rodrigues,” Itajai,
Santa Catarina (HBR).
Instituto Agrondmico do Estado de
Sao Paulo, Campinas (IAC).
Instituto Agrondmico do Norte,
Belém, Para (IAN).
Instituto Biologico de Pesquisas Téc-
nicas, Curitiba, Parana (Inst.
Biol. Pesq. Tec.).
Instituto de Pesquisas Agrondémicas,
Recife, Pernambuco (IPA).
Jardim Botanico de Belo Horizonte,
Minas Gerais. Material studied
now transferred to the Museu
Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K).
The following are cited on the
and photographs:
Herbario Anchieta, Porto Alegre, Rio
Grande do Sul (Anchieta).
Botanisches Museum, Berlin (B).
Bromeliaceae mostly lost.
Botanical Museum and Herbarium,
Copenhagen (C).
Komaroy Botanical Institute of the
VOL. 126
Institut et Jardin Botanique, Liége,
Belgium (LG).
Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Ar-
gentina (LIL).
Linnean Society of London (LINN).
Botanisches Museum, Munich (M).
Museu Goeldi, Belém, Para (MG).
University of Michigan (MICH).
Missouri Botanical Garden (MO).
Institut Botanique, Montreal (MT).
New York Botanical Garden (NY).
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,
Paris (P).
G. F. J. Pabst, private herbarium,
Santa Catarina (Pabst).
Museu Paranaense, Curitiba (Paran.).
Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (R).
Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro
(RB).
Riksmuseet, Stockholm (S).
Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo
(SP);
University of California (UC).
United States National Museum
(US).
United States National Arboretum.
Material studied now transferred
to the United States National
Museum.
Botanischer Garten und Botanisches
Institut der Universitat, Vienna
(WU).
basis of duplicates, descriptions,
Academy of Sciences of U.S.S.R.,
Leningrad (LE).
Botanisches Institut der Universitat,
Leipzig (LZ). Bromeliaceae all
lost.
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna
(W). Bromeliaceae all lost.
Whenever it seems significant, I have cited personally unverified
collections and followed them with the name of the person responsible
for the record. Thus there are a number of collections in European
herbaria that are cited on the authority of Mez in order to give the
full distributional data for the species. One instance in particular
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—-SMITH 5
needs comment, Mez’s list of Bromeliaceae in Luetzelburg, Estudo
Botanico do Nordeste 3:104. 1923. This greatly increases our
knowledge of the distribution of species in arid northeastern Brazil,
yet curiously enough Mez seems to have forgotten it in his final mono-
graph in the Pflanzenreich. My other large source of data is Reitz,
who has kept me constantly informed as he adds to the flora of Santa
Catarina.
In a few instances pictures, not specimens, must be cited as types
of species. This is particularly the case in Baker’s species described
from the unpublished Icones of E. Morren. These are at Kew and in
some cases can be identified with specimens at Liége, but Baker saw
only the pictures.
Since duplicate collections of Bromeliaceae are relatively rare and
since the important herbaria as regards the family have been covered,
there seems little point in listing exsiccatae. Instead, the numbers of
photographic negatives on file in the Chicago Natural History Mu-
seum, the Gray Herbarium, and the United States National Museum
are noted whenever they are likely to be helpful in establishing the
identity of a species.
GEOGRAPHICAL CITATIONS
The citation of localities in Brazil is extremely difficult for a num-
ber of reasons. First of all, many of the early collectors did not bother
to record localities or their data were lost, with the result that “Brazil”
is all we have left. Next, some of the older settlements have ceased
to exist and frequently places have changed their names. Who now
recognizes Sao Sebastianopolis as Rio de Janeiro or Desterro as
Florianopolis? If it were not for Urban’s great study of collectors in
the introductory volume of “Flora Brasiliensis,” the case would be
hopeless.
More recently there is the difficulty of changes in spelling and place
names by government action. Xapecd becomes Chapeco, retaining
the pronunciation but bewildering the reader. In its “Index to Map
of Hispanic America 1: 1,000,000” (p. 402), the American Geo-
graphical Society explains the latest Brazilian orthography and its
listings cover the majority of localities involved in this paper.
However, since the publication of this index in 1945, there has
been a new reform to eliminate duplication of names, not just within
a state but for the whole country. Thus, where Bom Jests could
occur as the name for a dozen localities in one state, there must now
be but one place with that name in all Brazil. This has been accom-
6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
plished by giving the unadorned name to the locality with the best
title to it, and modifying the name or completely changing it for the
others. The words “do Norte” are added to the northernmost locality
of that name and so on for the points of the compass, others are
compounded with the name of the river or mountains which they
adjoin. On the other hand, one state capital goes from Paraiba to
Joao Pessoa without a backward glance. Ultimately this latest reform
should clarify Brazilian geography greatly, but at the moment it is
an additional confusion to one dealing for the most part with the
older names for localities.
The recent practice of dividing the states into municipios helps with
the identification of many localities, and the Tabuas Itinerarias
Brasileiras (Servico Grafico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e
Estatistica-1950) is a very useful index to the municipios. I have
also been fortunate in obtaining the latest maps for a few states,
notably Parana and Santa Catarina.
When all other resources have been used, I have appealed to the
collectors and they have helped me with their own localities and often
with those of past botanists. Dr. E. Asplund of the Riksmuseet,
Stockholm, has been most helpful in finding the localities of Swedish
botanists in Brazil. In order to save anyone the work of identifying
these localities again, on page 259 I have listed those which are not
explained in the “Index to Map of Hispanic America 1 : 1,000,000.”
In citing localities in the text, the sequence is from the vague to
the definite. First come the collections of which we know only that
their origin was Brazilian, next come those that are located only as
to state, followed by those with named localities within the state,
and, finally, by those that are further defined by a municipio. Locality
names which are defined only as far as the state are cited in the text
in parentheses, indicating that it has not been possible to plot them
on the map.
DISTRIBUTION AND ORIGIN
The map on page 7 (from Goode’s series) shows the approximate
position of all bromeliad localities in Brazil that it has been possible
to identify. The observation that range maps represent where collec-
tors have been rather than where plants are, is peculiarly apt in this
case because of the difficulty of collecting and preserving bromeliads.
Undoubtedly this situation accounts for the marked breaks in repre-
sentation in eastern Brazil around the Baia—Espirito Santo boundary
and around that between Sao Paulo and Parana.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH Z
Yet the even more obvious contrast shown between eastern Brazil
and the remainder of the country is actually much greater than it is
possible to indicate. In preparing the map, it was frequently the case
£
is -----L-1- L
S Discovery of bromeliad
malaria
Santa Cotorina area of
bromeliad malaria
Distribution of Bromeliaceae in Brazil
that in the east each spot represented several localities too near to
each other to be distinguished, while each locality generally included
a number of species. Elsewhere the spots usually represent a single
locality and very often a single species.
From the map, representation in much of Minas Gerais compares
with that about Rio de Janeiro, but the single spot which covers the
8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Distrito Federal represents dozens of localities, nearly a hundred
species, and great quantities of individuals, while one spot in Minas
indicates a single locality as a rule and that with few species and
individuals.
Great general collectors who have operated in the east and also in
the interior give further evidence along this line, as shown by a com-
parison of A. Glaziou’s collections in the state of Rio de Janeiro and
in Goias, or those of F. C. Hoehne in Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso.
In each case the collections in the east are more numerous, as might
be expected from the greater amount of time spent there, but they
are also significantly richer in species both totally and in relation to
the remainder of the flora. Such collectors in the Amazon basin as
A. Ducke, R. L. Froes, B. A. Krukoff, J. G. Kuhlmann, R. E.
Schultes, and R. Spruce afford us almost no direct contrast with the
bromeliads of the east, but the family is a very insignificant part of
their well rounded general collections.
Finally, we have the evidence of collectors who were interested in
bromeliads almost exclusively. Dr. J. L. Collins, who traveled ex-
tensively investigating the origin of the pineapple, has told me how
driving westward in Pernambuco he saw bromeliads in profusion
and then abruptly could find none. The following from the unpub-
lished report by K. F. Baker and J. L. Collins of exploration in
1938 and 1939 gives the details:
On the return trip from Candado we had opportunity to determine more closely
the exact point at which the Bromeliaceae stopped in the westward distribution.
A short distance east of Salgadinho we suddenly came to the end of the Sertao
and passed into the curimataii and with this change immediately passed from
a situation of almost no Bromeliads to their supplying one of the dominant
elements of the flora.
The Fosters in their journey to Mato Grosso repeatedly found
formations that they had learned to associate with bromeliads in the
east completely lacking in these plants.
Concerning the origin of the Brazilian bromeliads there seems little
reason to alter the general conclusions reached in my “Geographical
Evidence on the Lines of Evolution in the Bromeliaceae” (Bot. Jahrb.
66: 446-468. 1934). Using the generally accepted morphological cri-
teria, the Brazilian bromeliads are characterized as derived rather
than primitive types. The Bromelioideae, with its consistently in-
ferior ovary and indehiscent fruit, is easily the most advanced of the
three subfamilies and has its chief center in eastern Brazil with a
number of endemic genera. All this would indicate that the family
had arisen in western South America and migrated into Brazil.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 9
It can be argued that structurally Encholirium and Cottendorfia
are as primitive as Puya, but they are now widely separated from it
geographically and the distribution of the other genera indicates an
origin from an ancestral type close to Puya. Encholirium and Cotten-
dorfia may have entered Brazil on the divide between the Amazon
and Paraguay basins, but so long ago that no good evidence remains.
The advanced genera, Dyckia and Deuterocohnia, however, clearly
indicate this origin from western Bolivia. The other advanced genera,
Navia and Brocchinia, barely cross the northern boundary of Brazil.
Navia, at first considered primitive on account of its naked seeds, is
now evidently advanced as occasional vestiges of wing prove this
condition to be the result of reduction.
The subfamily Tillandsioideae shows evidences of at least three
routes of invasion and also a strong reverse movement in the case
of Vriesia, its largest genus in Brazil. Tillandsia, the most primitive
genus of the subfamily, shows the height of land as the most probable
route for its most primitive subgenus, Allardtia, as well as for Pseudo-
Catopsis and Phytarrhiza. Anoplophytum very likely evolved in
Brazil and spread westward like the genus Vriesia. The subgenus
Diaphoranthema of Tillandsia seems to have invaded from the south,
while a few species of the subgenus Tillandsia (formerly Platy-
stachys) and of the genus Catopsis have obviously moved down the
coast from the West Indies.
Judged from the extreme concentration of species and genera in
eastern Brazil, the subfamily Bromelioideae must have evolved there.
Such genera as Cryptanthus and Nidularium are endemic in the area,
and such large and widespread genera as Aechmea and Billbergia
have species ranges that almost seem to explode from that point.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS
The pineapple, Ananas comosus, is the one bromeliad of outstand-
ing economic importance. It probably evolved in interior Brazil (see
Baker & Collins in American Journal of Botany 26: 697), but like
so many other economic species it has found its greatest development
far from its homeland. In fact the leading center of research on the
pineapple is in Hawaii, as might be expected in connection with some
three-quarters of the world’s export trade in this fruit. In Brazil,
although it does not figure as an export, the pineapple is widely
grown and appreciated. It also produces a superior fiber but this
has not found much use because of the difficulties of preparation.
Io SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I26
Research in Brazil has been principally taxonomic as can be seen by
the references to F. C. Camargo in the text.
The caroa, Neoglaziovia variegata, also produces an excellent fiber
which is much used within Brazil. The species is native in the arid
northeast where it grows without cultivation on areas too poor for
most other commercial crops. For a detailed study see ““O Caroa” by
Lauro P. Xavier.*
Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides, apparently does not grow so
prolifically anywhere in Brazil as it does in the southeastern United
States, nor does it appear to have been systematically exploited for
filler material for cushions and mattresses as has been done here.
HORTICULTURE
Interest in bromeliads as ornamentals is much more recent than
in the pineapple, yet it dates back well over a century. In England
the cultivation of the still popular Brazilian Billbergia pyramidalis
was noted under another name in the Botanical Magazine in 1815
and accompanied by a colored plate. Billbergia amoena appeared
similarly in Loddiges Botanical Cabinet in 1818 and B. zebrina in
1827, and Aechmea fasciata in the Botanical Register in 1828. The
cultivation of Bromelia antiacantha was noted by Bertolini in Italy in
1824. By 1857 many species were in cultivation in Berlin as evi-
denced by the numerous citations in Beer’s “Die Familie der Brome-
liaceen,” the first comprehensive treatment of the group. Between
1865 and 1885 there was great interest in the family in Belgium
centering around Liége where Edouard Morren published many new
species with elaborate colored plates in his Belgique Horticole. Also
notable for work in horticultural species in the last half of the 19th
century were C. Koch in Germany, Regel in Russia, Antoine in
Austria, and Lemaire, Linden, and André in France. It is note-
worthy that the great majority of ornamental species described in
this early period as well as later were of Brazilian origin. The more
recent monographers, Baker and Mez, concerned themselves less with
horticulture, but fell heirs to the work left unfinished by Morren’s
untimely death, and published a considerable number of ornamentals
nonetheless.
Horticultural activity in bromeliads developed late in the United
States, although, according to Mulford Foster (Plant Life 1:71.
8 Ministério da Agricultura, Departamento Nacional da Producio Vegetal,
Divisto de Fomento da Producao Vegetal, Seccio de Fomento Agricola,
Paraiba.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH II
1945), nurserymen were listing species for sale before the turn of the
century. Now cultivation has developed here to the extent of sup-
porting the Bromeliad Society, organized in 1950.
In Brazil, Glaziou was bringing live bromeliads to the imperial
gardens in Rio, now the gardens of the Museu Nacional, as early as
1868. Today there are also notable collections at the Jardim Bo-
tanico in Rio and at the Instituto de Botanica in Sao Paulo. Beyond
all comparison or possibility of estimate, however, is the private inter-
est in bromeliads. Given a people with a deep appreciation of the
colorful, and plants with vivid inflorescences that last for weeks or
leaves with highly ornamental markings, the resulting interest is a
foregone conclusion. Masses of cut flowers are on sale in the markets
and by the roadsides and cultivation is effected simply by removing
the plant from one tree and attaching it to another more conveniently
situated.
BROMELIAD MALARIA
Under certain exceptional circumstances bromeliads are detrimental
to public health because of the malaria-carrying mosquitoes that breed
in their tanks. As explained in my article in the Smithsonian Report
for 1952, there have been only three instances of serious malaria
infestation attributed to bromeliad breeding mosquitoes although the
disease is worldwide in tropical and warm temperate regions. The
first case was in the coastal rain forest of Sao Paulo, the second on
the British island of Trinidad, and the third and worst in Santa
Catarina, again in the coastal rain forest.
The present paper attempts to estimate the possibility of the occur-
rence of further malaria of this origin by giving a comprehensive
view of the distribution of the Bromeliaceae in Brazil. From the
map (p. 7) it is immediately evident that the bromeliads are con-
centrated in the east along the narrow coastal slope just as is the
human population. Analysis by genera and species shows that the
Bromeliads which store their water in open tanks are still further
concentrated in the east, while those storing water in the leaf-tissues
predominate in the interior. Thus there is little probability of serious
bromeliad malaria on the Planalto or in the Amazon basin. On the
other hand, species of bromeliads that are proved hosts of malaria
mosquitoes are recorded for practically the entire length of the Bra-
zilian coast. Gravisia aquilega, the most important host in Trinidad,
is found as far south as Baia, while Vriesia gigantea and Hohenbergia
augusta, the worst offenders in Santa Catarina, extend north to
Espirito Santo.
I2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Fortunately much more is involved than the mere presence of the
mosquito host, as Veloso has demonstrated in his detailed study noted
above. To be effective in the transmission of malaria, the bromeliad
species must also occur in great quantity within mosquito range of a
large human population. Although there is no survey like that of
Veloso to give us an idea of bromeliad concentrations in the other
states of Brazil, there is reason to hope that the situation in Santa
Catarina is exceptional. Certainly nowhere else have I seen or heard
of such dense masses of tank bromeliads as occur there. If there
remain no serious foci of bromeliad malaria, as seems to be the case,
then public health is concerned only with guarding against their de-
velopment. The Servico Nacional de Malaria is already doing this
in the south, where I have seen their crews protecting a new beach
resort by clearing bromeliads from a belt around it. In the north even
this seems unnecessary. Probably the only danger there is the remote
possibility of artificially stimulating the growth of bromeliads by pro-
viding a favorable habitat, as happened in the development of the
cacao plantations in Trinidad.
Finally, the needs of public health, though paramount, are not
wholly irreconcilable with those of horticulture. Destruction of bro-
meliads when necessary involves only a narrow belt around a settle-
ment and this is not the only means of control nor even the most
feasible one in some instances. The species involved are both common
and wide-ranging and their extinction is virtually impossible as long
as any forest remains.
PRELIMINARY RECORDS
All necessary preliminary records have been brought together here
and placed in alphabetical order so that they can be more easily con-
sulted in monographic studies and so they will not encumber the text
when it is used for purposes of identification.
Aechmea bicolor L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 100
A Ae. candida E. Morren, cui affinis, laminis foliorum valde acutis
longioribus angustioribusque subtus omnino cinereo-lepidotis, spinula
sepalorum brevi, placentis apicalibus differt.
Stoloniferous; leaves in a slenderly crateriform rosette, 5-6 dm.
long, much exceeding the inflorescence, covered beneath with fine
appressed cinereous scales, sheaths broadly elliptic, 13 cm. long, blades
linear, acute with a thick pungent apical cusp, 25 mm. wide, flat, laxly
serrulate with teeth 0.5 mm. long, densely cinereous-lepidote above
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 13
becoming more or less glabrous with age; scape slender, erect, white-
flocculose when young; scape-bracts lanceolate, acuminate to a thick
pungent apex, elsewhere membranaceous, erect, about equaling the
internodes, the lowest serrulate ; inflorescence simple, laxly cylindric,
5-8 cm. long, white-flocculose ; floral bracts broadly ovate, acute, thin,
the lowest about equaling the ovary, the others much shorter ; flowers
polystichous, sessile, divergent; sepals yellow, 4 mm. long exclusive
of the slender I mm. mucro, connate for nearly half their length,
the free lobes broadly ovate and rounded; petals 9 mm. long, white,
bearing two lacerate scales above the base, blades elliptic, obtuse,
stamens included; ovary broadly obconic, 5-6 mm. long; epigynous
tube shallowly crateriform, placentae apical, ovules apiculate.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1952441, collected on trees in
dense forest, between Ituagi and Jequié, State of Baia, Brazil, altitude 480
meters, Oct. 18, 1948, by M. B. Foster (No. 2450).
Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Tillandsia blanchetiana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 182. 1880.
Aechmea cariocae L. B. Smith, nom. nov.
Chevalieria comata Mez in DC. Monogr, Phan. 9: 153. 1896. In part: as
to description but not as to basonym.
Aechmea castanea L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE III
A Ae. cariocae L. B. Smith, cui affinis, bracteis florigeris brunneo-
lepidotis, sepalis glabris minutissime armatis differt.
Leaves many in a spreading rosette, 1.7 m. long, covered on both
sides with a membrane of coalesced scales, thick, coriaceous, sheaths
castaneous-lepidote, blades linear, acute with a stout brown apical
cusp, 7 cm. wide, buff-lepidote, subdensely serrate with ascending
brown teeth 2 mm. long; scape over 35 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter,
brown-flocculose ; scape-bracts erect, very densely imbricate, their
sheaths elliptic, 8 cm. long, dark castaneous, covered with brown
appressed scales but becoming glabrous, their blades ligulate, acute,
to 10 cm. long, entire, subcoriaceous; inflorescence simple, densely
strobilate with about 15 rows of flowers, slenderly conical, 29 cm.
long, 10 cm. in diameter ; floral bracts cymbiform, enfolding the base
of the flower, thick, woody, the truncate rugose apex densely brown-
lepidote, the terminal mucro not more than 3 mm. long; flowers
spreading; sepals free, strongly asymmetric with a broad wing,
16 mm. long, coriaceous, thick, glabrous, the delicate mucro less than
14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
0.5 mm. long; petals fleshy, imperfectly known ; epigynous tube con-
spicuous, broad-based.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, Aug. 5, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 831).
Aechmea chlorophylla L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE I07
A Ae. bromelufolia (Rudge) Baker, cui affinis, bracteis florigeris
sepalisque nullo modo retusis, petalis basi appendiculatis differt.
Leaves 5 dm. long, green, wholly covered with coarse pale appressed
scales, sheaths broadly elliptic, 12 cm. long, blades ligulate, acute,
3 cm. wide, laxly serrate with spreading teeth 3 mm. long; scape
4 dm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, densely white-flocculose ; scape-bracts
thin, roseate, white-lepidote, the lower ones elliptic, about equaling
the internodes, serrate near their apices, the upper ones lanceolate,
much exceeding the internodes and massed below the inflorescence,
entire; inflorescence simple, densely strobilate, ellipsoid, 7-9 cm.
long, 35-40 mm. in diameter, covered with white appressed scales ;
floral bracts suberect, broadly cymbiform, broadly acute or obtuse
and apiculate, thick-coriaceous and bicarinate or tricarinate but near
the apex rather thin and distinctly nerved, about equaling the ovary;
sepals strongly asymmetric, 12 mm. long, connate for 2 mm., un-
armed ; petals erect, 20 mm. long, bearing 2 lacerate scales at base,
fleshy, quickly turning black; epigynous tube broad, conspicuous,
placentae apical, ovules long-caudate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, Aug. 6, 1940 (bloomed in cultivation, June 1942), by M. B. &
R. Foster (No. 830).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED:
Espiriro Santo: Near Santa Teresa, 1939, M. B. & R. Foster 176-b (GH).
Aechmea comata (Gaud.) Baker var. makoyana (Mez) L. B. Smith, comb.
nov.
Aechmea lindenii var. makoyana Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 159.
1934.
Aechmea leucolepis L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE II0
A Ae. sphaerocephala (Gaud.) Baker, cui affinis, bracteis superi-
oribus scapi integris, inflorescentia lepidibus albidis adpressis obtecta
differt.
Forming dense clusters ; flowering shoot to 4 m. high (! Foster) ;
leaves to 4 m. long (! Foster), the single leaf of the type 1.1 m. long,
wholly covered with pale appressed scales, the sheath elliptic, 3 dm.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 15
long, dark castaneous, the blade ligulate-attenuate with a stout termi-
nal cusp, 11 cm. broad, very laxly serrate with dark uncinate teeth
5 mm. long; scape stout, only the upper 15 cm. known, glabrous, dark
castaneous; upper scape-bracts subfoliaceous, entire, large, erect,
densely imbricate; inflorescence simple, densely strobilate, ellipsoid,
14 cm. long, 9 cm. in diameter including the sepals, covered with ap-
pressed white scales; floral bracts cymbiform, enfolding the ovary
and the bases of the sepals, very thick and woody, broadly truncate
with a slender terminal mucro 3 mm. long; sepals 27 mm, long in-
cluding the slender 3 mm. long mucro, connate for 3 mm., the free
lobes ovate, asymmetric, dark castaneous, coriaceous; petals and
stamens included, imperfectly known ; epigynous tube infundibuliform,
5 mm. long, seeds apparently abortive.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, Nos. 1952447 and 1952448, collected
between Milagres and Maracas, State of Baia, Brazil, altitude 450 meters,
Oct. 18, 1948, by M. B. Foster (No. 2452).
Aechmea lingulata var. froesii L. B. Smith, var. nov.
A var. lingulata ramis rectis plus minusve recurvatis, bracteis flori-
geris breviter mucronulatis, sepalis majoribus differt.
Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected between
Colonia Itatinga and Bom Gosto, State of Baia, Brazil, November 1942, by
Ricardo de Lemos Frées (No. 19970).
Aechmea lingulata var. patentissima (Mart. ex Schult.) L. B. Smith, comb.
nov.
Billbergia patentissima Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7: pt. 2: 1270.
1830.
Aechmea maculata L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 107
A Ae. bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker, cui valde affinis, vaginis foli-
orum et scapi bracteis purpureo-maculatis, bracteis florigeris apiculatis
differt.
Caudex 6-9 dm. long (! Foster) ; flowering shoot 45 cm. high;
leaves rosulate, 27 cm. long, the sheath broadly elliptic, 13 cm. long,
covered with white appressed scales, densely and coarsely purple-
spotted above, serrate toward apex, the blade ligulate, acute with the
extreme apex reflexed, 4 cm. wide, flat, white-lepidote beneath, soon
glabrous above, laxly serrate with brown spreading teeth 2 mm. long,
concolorous ; scape erect, 7 mm. in diameter sparsely white-flocculose ;
scape-bracts elliptic, thin, roseate, the lower ones erect, about equal-
ing the internodes, white-lepidote, serrulate at apex, the upper ones
16 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
divergent, imbricate and massed below the inflorescence, involute,
glabrous ; inflorescence simple, strobilate, cylindric, 4 cm. long, 2 cm.
in diameter, white-flocculose; floral bracts suborbicular, retuse and
then apiculate, 10 mm. long, thick and bicarinate with thin apex and
margins, dark brown; sepals 8 mm. long, connate for 3.5 mm., the
free lobes asymmetric, subquadrate, ecarinate, unarmed; petals 17 mm.
long, bearing fimbriate scales near the middle of the claw, blades
elliptic; stamens included; epigynous tube 1 mm. long, placentae
apical ; ovules caudate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on the Pico de Piedade near Belo
Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, altitude 1,300 meters, July 10, 1940, by M. B.
& R. Foster (No. 561).
Aechmea mitis (Mart. ex Schult.) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Billbergia mitis Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1267. 1830.
Aechmea mutica L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 96
A Ae. macrochlamyde L. B. Smith, cui habitu persimilis, inflores-
centia bipinnata, sepalis subduplo minoribus inermibus differt.
Flowering plant 60-65 cm. high; leaves 5-6 dm. long, sheaths
elliptic, 16-19 cm. long, much wider than the blades, subdensely and
minutely brown-lepidote, blades linear, rounded to a stout pungent
terminal cusp, not at all narrowed at base, 3 cm. wide, sparsely and
very inconspicuously pale-lepidote, laxly serrate with spreading brown
teeth 2 mm. long; scape slightly curved, 5 mm. in diameter, white-
lanate, becoming glabrous; scape-bracts lance-oblong, acute, pungent,
subcoriaceous, sparsely pale-lepidote, the lower exceeding the inter-
nodes, serrulate near their apices, pale green, the upper densely
imbricate and massed beneath the inflorescence, roseate ; inflorescence
densely bipinnate, cylindric, 14-17 cm. long, 6 cm. in diameter, white-
lanate especially on the axis; primary bracts spreading, thin, roseate,
the lower ones linear and exceeding the spikes, the upper triangular
and much shorter; spikes sessile, cylindric, densely 3—4-flowered ;
rhachis not excavated ; floral bracts broadly ovate, acuminate, 20 mm.
long including the slender terminal mucro, exceeding and concealing
the sepals, thin, prominently nerved, roseate; flowers apparently
distichous, sessile, erect; sepals free, asymmetric, elliptic, obtuse,
9 mm. long, unarmed; petals 17 mm. long, blue, bearing 2 bidentate
scales at base; epigynous tube 2 mm. long, placentae apical, ovules
apiculate.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 17
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, altitude 765 meters, July 27, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No.
293). Duplicate in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED:
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Aug. 5, 1940, M. B. & R. Foster 806
(GH).
Aechmea nervata L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 105
A Ae. lamarcheit Mez, cui verisimiliter affinis, bracteis florigeris
tenuibus valde nervatis, sepalis breviter connatis differt.
Flowering plant 6 dm. high; leaves unknown; scape straight, 6 mm.
in diameter; scape-bracts erect, densely imbricate, broadly elliptic
with a pungent brown terminal cusp, covered with fine white ap-
pressed scales, the lowest ones serrulate near the apex, the central
ones over 10 cm. long, the higher ones entire; inflorescence simple,
strobilate, cylindric, acute, 9 cm. long, 25 mm. in diameter, white-
flocculose, becoming glabrous; floral bracts erect, densely imbricate,
very broadly ovate with a long soft acuminate apex, 16 mm. long,
about equaling the sepals, nearly flat, thin, strongly nerved; sepals
8 mm. long, connate for 2 mm., the free lobes asymmetric, subelliptic
with an acute but soft apex; petals imperfectly known, bearing 2
subentire scales near the base ; epigynous tube 1.5 mm. long, placentae
apical, ovules apiculate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on the litoral at Vitéria, State of
Espirito Santo, Brazil, July 19390, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 176-A).
Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb. var. aureo-rosea (Antoine) L. B. Smith,
comb. nov.
Hoplophytum aureo-roseum Antoine, Wien Ill. Gartenzeit. 6:97, pl. r. 1881.
Aechmea ornata var. hoehneana L. B. Smith, var. nov. FIGURE 104
Differt inflorescentia graciliore, floribus gracilioribus, petalis azureis.
Differs from the typical variety in its more slender inflorescence
and flowers and blue petals.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Paidl do Meio, State of Sao Paulo,
Brazil, Sept. 19, 1940, by Augusto Gehrt. Duplicate in the Instituto de Botanica,
Sao Paulo (No. 43156).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
SAo Pauto: Sao Bernardo, Aug. 15, 1895, G. Edwall (SP).
ParanA: In swamp near sea level, Caioba, Sept. 1, 1930, M. B. & R. Foster
452 (GH).
18 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Aechmea podantha L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 95
A Ae. fulgente Brongn., cui affinis, floribus pedicellatis, ovario
verrucoso differt.
Climbing (! Foster) ; flowering shoot 45 cm. long; leaves to 42 cm.
long, the sheaths elliptic to suborbicular, 12 cm. long, subdensely and
minutely brown-lepidote, the blades ligulate, subacute and apiculate,
slightly narrowed toward the base, 3 cm. wide, subdensely serrulate
with antrorse teeth 1 mm. long, sparsely and obscurely pale-lepidote,
lustrous; scape curved, 3 mm. in diameter, glabrous; scape-bracts
erect, densely imbricate, elliptic, acute, red, membranaceous, obscurely
lepidote, the lower ones serrulate; inflorescence laxly bipinnate, py-
ramidal, 12 cm. long, 7 cm. in diameter, glabrous; primary bracts tri-
angular, the largest only 5 mm. long; branches spreading and lax
with a few distichous flowers ; rhachis slender, geniculate ; floral bracts
minute, suborbicular ; flowers suberect, on pedicels 1 mm. long; sepals
4 mm. long, connate for 1.5 mm., verrucose, the free lobes strongly
asymmetric, retuse; petals imperfectly known, their blades 4 mm.
long; ovary globose, red, verrucose, epigynous tube very short,
placentae apical, ovules caudate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, Aug. 7, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 842).
Aechmea ramosa Mart. var. festiva L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt sepalis rubris, ovariis albis.
Differs from the typical variety by its red sepals and white ovaries.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Linhares, Municipio Collatina,
State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, altitude 20 to 40 meters, Aug. 2, 1940, by
M. B. & R. Foster (No. 770).
Aechmea stelligera L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 98
A Ae. tomentosa Mez, cui affinis, inflorescentia laxa, bracteis
primariis angustis, axibus gracilibus differt.
Epiphytic, plant incompletely known but undoubtedly over a meter
high; leaves unknown; scape straight, slender; scape-bracts erect,
densely imbricate, lanceolate, acute, entire, over 2 dm. long, charta-
ceous, rose (! Vasconcellos), brown-lepidote; inflorescence laxly
subpyramidal, tripinnate, 4 dm. long, covered with fine brown stellate
trichomes ; primary bracts linear-lanceolate, the upper ones shorter
than their axillary branches ; spikes laxly 7-8-flowered ; rhachis genic-
ulate, slender; floral bracts acicular from a broadly triangular base,
2 mm. long; flowers more than 2-ranked, sessile, suberect; sepals
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 19
12 mm. long, connate for 1 mm., subelliptic, strongly asymmetric, the
terminal mucro 1 mm. long; petals about 2 cm. long, each bearing 2
oblong obtuse entire scales near the base; ovary subcylindric, becom-
ing ellipsoid, epigynous tube infundibuliform; placentae extending
almost the whole length of the cell, ovules caudate.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2059452, collected in Areia, State
of Paraiba, Brazil, Sept. 15, 1944, by Jaime M. Vasconcellos. Duplicate in the
Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo (No. 52358).
The collector records the flower as yellow, but it is not clear
whether he means to include the petals or not. In the dried material
they appear much darker than the sepals.
Aechmea triangularis L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 106
A Ae. bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker, cui affinis, laminis foliorum
caudato-acuminatis, bracteis florigeris nullo modo retusis, petalis
purpureis differt.
Flowering plant to 37 cm. high; leaves to 5 dm. long, covered with
a membrane of pale appressed scales, the sheaths elliptic, 18 cm.
long, 9 cm. wide, near the apex densely serrate with dark spreading
spines 5 mm. long, green with small red spots, elsewhere entire and
dark brown, the blades narrowly triangular, caudate-acuminate, 4 cm.
wide at base, laxly serrate with spreading or antrorse teeth; scape
erect, 3 mm. in diameter, white-flocculose ; scape-bracts broadly ellip-
tic, thin, rose-lake (! Foster), inconspicuously lepidote with white
appressed scales, the lower ones much shorter than the internodes,
caudate, serrate near the apex, the upper ones much longer than the
internodes, divergent, serrate throughout; inflorescence simple, stro-
bilate, cylindric, 6 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter exclusive of the petals,
densely lepidote with white subappressed scales; floral bracts orbicu-
lar, apiculate, 8 mm. long, exceeding the ovary, coriaceous, bicarinate ;
sepals 6 mm. long, connate for 2 mm., the free lobes asymmetric,
subquadrate, retuse, unarmed ; petals 12 mm. long, lavender to purple
turning black the second day (! Foster), bearing 2 fimbriate scales
high on the claw, blade broadly elliptic, obtuse; epigynous tube al-
most none, placentae apical, ovules caudate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, Aug. 7, 1940 (bloomed in cultivation Apr. 22, 1941), by M. B.
& R. Foster (No. 829).
Aechmea triticina var. capensis L. B. Smith, var. nov.
A var. triticina scapi bracteis supremis serrulatis, bracteis florigeris
sepala superantibus differt.
20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Type in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Nos. 46221 and 46223, collected
near Cabo Frio, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October 1809, by E. Ule.
Araeococcus goeldianus L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 52
A A. micrantho Brongniart, cui affinis, inflorescentiae ramis diver-
gentibus paulo ramosis leviter flexuosis differt.
Stemless, 7 dm. high; leaves few in an ellipsoid rosette, the outer
ones reduced to acute sheaths, the inner about equaling the inflores-
cence; sheaths elliptic, about 25 cm. long; blades ligulate, acute, nar-
rowed toward the base, flat, 4 cm. wide, laxly serrulate ; scape erect,
slender ; scape-bracts imbricate, lanceolate ; inflorescence laxly tripin-
nate, 28 cm. long; lower primary bracts like the scape-bracts but
smaller, much shorter than the axillary branches ; branches divergent,
10 cm. long, few-branched, slightly flexuous, slender, very laxly
flowered ; floral bracts suborbicular, 3 mm. long, apiculate, minutely
serrulate, membranaceous; flowers spreading; sepals free, oblong,
asymmetric, 2 mm. long, truncate and apiculate; petals and stamens
unknown ; fruit globose.
Type in the herbarium of the Museu Goeldi, No. 1067, collected on trees or
granite rocks at Cunani, Territorio de Amapa, Brazil, Oct. 15, 1895, by J. Huber
(No. 983). Fragment and photograph in the U. S. National Herbarium.
Billbergia amoena (Lodd.) Lindl. var. viridis L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt petalis omnino viridibus.
Differs from the typical variety in having its petals wholly green
instead of dark blue at the apex.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, July 27, 1939 (bloomed in cultivation June 1940), by M. B. &
R. Foster (No. 246).
Billbergia euphemiae E. Morr. var. nudiflora L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt inflorescentia subdensa, axi fere recto, bracteis florigeris
omnibus vel fere omnibus minutis.
Differs from the typical variety by its subdense inflorescence,
nearly straight axis, and in having all or nearly all the floral bracts
minute.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Itapemirim, State of Espirito Santo,
Brazil, altitude 900 meters, July 7, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 159).
Duplicate in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Espirito Santo: Monte Carlo, Collatina, July 19, 19390, M. B. & R. Foster
217 (GH). Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Aug. 17, 1940, M. B. & R. Foster 969
(GH, US).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 21
Billbergia euphemiae E. Morr. var. saundersioides L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt foliis pallide maculatis, haud transverse vittatis.
Differs in its leaves which have pale spots instead of transverse
bands.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2120883, collected near Maracas,
State of Baia, Brazil, Oct. 19, 1948 (bloomed in cultivation December 1953),
by M. B. Foster (No. 2470).
Billbergia fosteriana L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 122
A B. saundersu Hort. Bull. cui affinis, inflorescentia erecta, foliis
transverse zonatis differt.
Terrestrial, stoloniferous, flowering shoot 45-60 cm. long; leaves
few, to 85 cm. long, densely pale-lepidote and cross-banded beneath,
the sheaths as long as or longer than the blades, forming a very
slender tube, the blades ligulate, acute and apiculate, 3 cm. wide, laxly
serrulate ; scape erect, slender, white-flocculose ; scape-bracts suberect,
lanceolate, 9 cm. long, membranaceous, rose fading to stramineous
by anthesis, white-flocculose, the upper ones much exceeding the
internodes ; inflorescence erect, simple, laxly few-flowered, white-
flocculose ; axis slender, geniculate; floral bracts much shorter than
the pedicels, ovate, acute ; pedicels divergent to spreading, very slender,
to 18 mm. long; flowers erect, making an angle with the pedicels ;
sepals elliptic, apiculate, 20 mm. long, lavender; petals 50 mm. long,
green with blue-green apices, bearing 2 fimbriate scales at the base
and 2 dentate lateral folds above them; stamens and pistil included ;
ovary subcylindric, 12 mm. long, epigynous tube infundibuliform.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2120880, collected near Maracas,
State of Baia, Brazil, Oct. 18, 1948 (bloomed in cultivation December 1953),
by M. B. Foster (No. 2447 in part).
Billbergia iridifolia (Nees & Mart.) Lindl. var. concolor L. B. Smith, var.
nov.
Differt petalis omnino pallide aureis.
Differs from the typical variety in having the petals pale yellow
throughout instead of dark blue at the apex.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Itapemirim, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, in 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 160).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED:
Espirito Santo: On rocks, Vitéria, Aug. 9, 1940, M. B. & R. Foster 873
(GH).
22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Billbergia minarum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 120
A B. lietzei E. Morr. et B. leptopoda L. B. Smith, quibus affinis,
bracteis florigeris superioribus minutis differt.
Flowering plants 3-10 dm. high (! Foster) ; leaves in a tubular
rosette, to 54 cm. long, maroon-green mottled with cream-white spots,
covered with coarse white appressed scales, becoming glabrous above,
the sheath indistinct, somewhat darker than the blade, the blade nar-
rowly triangular, acuminate, about 2 cm. wide at base, very laxly
serrulate; scape curved, 2 mm. in diameter, nearly glabrous; scape-
bracts lanceolate with an acuminate involute densely white-lepidote
apex, to 10 cm. long, thin, roseate, the upper ones much exceeding
the internodes; inflorescence pendent, pseudosimple with very short
1-flowered branches, lax with 9 flowers in 2 rows; axis geniculate,
very slender, glabrous; lowest floral bract like the scape-bracts but
smaller, the upper ones minute, shorter than the pedicels; flowers
spreading to reflexed, glabrous ; pedicels slender, to 3 mm. long ; sepals
oblong, broadly acute, to 22 mm. long, the apical third dark blue and
the remainder green; petals linear, obtuse, 5 cm. long, exceeding the
stamens, green except for the dark blue apex, bearing 2 scales at the
base; pollen grains ellipsoid, sculptured, bearing a longitudinal fold
when dry; ovary obconic, to 10 mm. long, epigynous tube short,
placentae linear, ovules apiculate.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on rocks in dry woods, Gobernador
Valadores near the Rio Doce, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, altitude 600 meters,
July 28, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 766).
Billbergia tweedieana Baker var. latisepala L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt sepalis brevibus subduplo longioribus ac latis.
Differs from the typical variety in having sepals barely 13 mm.
long, about twice as long as wide.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Cantagallo, State of Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, by A. Glaziou (No. 15476). Duplicate in the Muséum National d’Histoire
Naturelle, Paris.
Billbergia tweedieana Baker var. minor L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt planta minore, sepalis majoribus, late acutis.
Differs from the typical variety in its much smaller stature and
broadly acute sepals 24 mm. long.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, altitude 765 meters, July 27, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 277).
Duplicate in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 23
Bromelia interior L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 80
A B. glaziovi Mez, cui affinis, inflorescentia aliquid elongata,
sepalis parvis bracteas florales superantibus differt.
Propagating by rhizomes ; flowering plant low, probably little more
than 5 dm. high at most; leaves 5-10 dm. long, sheaths suborbicular,
7 cm. wide, glabrous above and the lower half beneath, the upper half
beneath covered with coarse brown subspreading scales, blades linear,
acuminate, not at all constricted at base, 2 cm. wide, glabrous above,
covered with white appressed scales beneath, laxly serrate with un-
cinate teeth 4-7 mm. long, the basal teeth recurved, the others ascend-
ing; scape erect, elongate; scape-bracts subfoliaceous, densely imbri-
cate ; inflorescence ellipsoid or short-cylindric, much longer than wide,
4 cm. in diameter; primary bracts broadly elliptic, covering all but
the apices of the flowers, the lowest with small foliaceous blades ;
branches short, few-flowered ; floral bracts oblong, obtuse, cucullate,
carinate, serrulate, white-lepidote ; flowers subfasciculate, subsessile,
32-39 mm. long; sepals oblong, obtuse and cucullate, 12-15 mm. or
rarely to 20 mm. long, carinate, conduplicate, densely white-lepidote ;
petals erect, lilac; filaments connate for 5 mm.; ovary slenderly
ellipsoid, densely white-lepidote.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2046592, collected in campo at
Quintas, Municipio Goias, State of Goids, Brazil, July 6, 1951, by A. Macedo
(No. 3260).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Mato Grosso: Between Coxipo da Ponte and Cuiaba, March 1911, Hoehne
in Rondon 4518 (R); October 1914, J. G. Kuhlmann 86 (R). Campo Grande,
Sept. 10, 1936, Archer & Gehrt 168 (SP, US). Aquiduana, Noreste R. R.,
Sept. 24, 1940, Foster 1075 (GH). Braco, Rio Arinos, Sept. 26, 1943, Baldwin
4103). (Gi, US).
SAo Pauto: Itapura, Sept. 29, 1940 (bloomed in cultivation April 1944),
Foster 1101 (GH).
Cryptanthus duartei L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 67
A C. maritimo L. B. Smith, cui affinis, bracteis florigeris linearibus
sepala subaequantibus, petalis aureis differt.
Stemless; leaves 35 cm. long, the sheaths broadly elliptic, 2 cm.
long, serrulate, glabrous, the blades linear-triangular, filiform-acumi-
nate, not at all constricted at the base, 12 mm. wide, glabrous above,
covered beneath with pale appressed scales, laxly serrulate with pale
ascending teeth 0.5 mm. long; floral bracts linear, about equaling the
sepals, membranaceous, subcucullate, densely lepidote toward the
apex ; sepals 13 mm. long, unequally connate 4-5 mm., oblong, broadly
cuspidate-acute, subcucullate, membranaceous, lepidote; petals 4 cm.
24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
long, obtuse, bright orange; stamens and style included; ovary ob-
conic, 5 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2121558, collected on micaceous
quartzite soil of rocky campo, Serra do Cipo, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil,
November 1949, by A. P. Duarte. Duplicate in the herbarium of the Jardim
Botanico, Rio de Janeiro (No. 76607).
Cryptanthus marginatus L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 70
A C. lacerdae Antoine, cui affinis, foliis rubescente marginatis,
sepalorum partibus liberis latioribus atrisque differt.
Plants closely aggregated; leaves about 12 in each flat rosette, to
20 cm. long, covered beneath with pale coarse appressed scales,
sheaths small and inconspicuous, blades linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
3 cm. wide, becoming glabrous above except near the base, very light
green with a narrow reddish margin, the broad flat median band
somewhat darker than the equally broad undulate marginal bands,
densely serrulate with teeth 0.5 mm. long; fascicles few-flowered,
axillary, the distal perfect, the central staminate (! Foster) ; floral
bracts lance-oblong, acute, exceeded by the sepals, thin, lepidote;
sepals 11 mm. long, connate for 6 mm., the free lobes subquadrate
with broad wings and thick triangular lepidote apiculus, dark; petals
obtuse, 25 mm. long, white.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected near Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, July 25, 1939 (bloomed May 14, 1941), by M. B. and R. Foster
(No. 243).
Cryptanthus minarum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FicurE 69
Foliis homomorphis, laminis ad basin versus attenuatis, subtus
brunneo-lepidotis, supra glabris et verisimiliter linea ampla pallida
mediana notatis; laminis sepalorum late ellipticis apiculatis serrula-
tisque.
Complete caudex unknown, stout; leaves all alike, to 39 cm. long,
the sheaths oblong, barely differentiated, the blades ligulate, acuminate,
tapered gradually toward the base, 35 mm. wide, covered beneath
with brown appressed scales, glabrous above and apparently marked
with a broad pale median stripe (not absolutely certain in the dried
material), subdensely serrulate with pale upcurved teeth 1 mm. long;
inflorescence 3 cm. in diameter ; floral bracts oblanceolate, acuminate,
about equaling the midpoint of the sepals, serrulate and lepidote
toward the apex; sepals 15 mm. long, connate for 8 mm., alate-
carinate with the wings decurrent on the ovary, the free lobes broadly
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—-SMITH 25
elliptic, apiculate, serrulate, lepidote near the apex; petals 4 cm. long ;
stamens and pistil included ; ovary subcylindric, 11 mm. long.
Type in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (No. 46186), collected at
Itabira do Campo, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, June 1902, by A. Melo Matos.
Cryptanthus pickelii L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 72
A C. incrassato L. B. Smith et C. diversifolio Beer, quibus affinis,
foliorum laminis supra linea lata pallida mediana pictis differt.
Short-caulescent ; leaves densely brown-lepidote, becoming glabrous
above, sheaths elliptic, subdensely serrulate, blades caudate-acuminate,
laxly and minutely serrulate, marked above with a broad pale median
stripe, dimorphic, those of the outer leaves linear-lanceolate, distinctly
contracted toward the base, to 35 cm. long, 25 mm. wide, blades of
the inner leaves narrowly triangular, not at all contracted toward the
base, not over 15 cm. long, 13 mm. wide; inflorescence compound
with the flowers fasciculate in the axils of foliaceous bracts; floral
bracts elliptic, exceeding the ovary, membranaceous except for the
thick pungent apex, serrulate, brown-lepidote; sepals 16 mm. long,
carinate, lepidote, connate for 9 mm., the free lobes ovate, acute, en-
tire; petals imperfectly known, about 2 cm. longer than the sepals,
exceeding the stamens, white.
Type in the herbarium of the Instituto de Pesquisas Agrondémicas, collected
in forest, Tord, Escola de Sao Bento, near Tapera, Municipio Sao Lourenco da
Mata, Pernambuco, Brazil, Mar. 12, 1925, by Bento José Pickel (No. 909 in
part). Also the cotype, collected in the Mata do Corrego da Bexiga, Escola de
Sao Bento, May 1927, by B. J. Pickel (No. 909 remainder).
Cryptanthus pseudoscaposus L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 68
A C. acauli (Lindl.) Beer, cui affinis, stolonibus elongatis nudis,
foliis subtus brunneo-lepidotis, floribus subduplo minoribus, bracteis
sepalisque lepidotis differt.
Stolons arising from the inflorescence, elongate, naked, at first
erect and scape-like; leaves about 15 in each rosette, all alike, to
18 cm. long, completely covered beneath with brown appressed scales,
soon glabrous above, sheaths small and inconspicuous, blades linear-
lanceolate, filiform-acuminate, 22 mm. wide, subdensely serrulate,
the center channeled, the sides undulate; fascicles few-flowered,
axillary ; floral bracts broadly ovate, slightly exceeded by the sepals,
membranaceous, lepidote; sepals 10 mm. long, connate for 4 mm.,
the free lobes subsymmetrical, lance-ovate, with a thickened pungent
apex, densely pale-lepidote ; petals obtuse, 14 mm. long, white.
26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected between Domingos Martins and
Vitéria, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, altitude 75 meters, July 14, 1930, by
M. B. & R. Foster (No. 208). Duplicate in the Museu Nacional, Rio de
Janeiro, and in U. S. National Herbarium.
Cryptanthus sinuosus L. B. Smith, nom. nov.
Cryptanthus undulatus Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 4:299. 1836. In
part. Nomen illegitimum, because of the citation of Tillandsia acaulis in
its synonymy.
Dyckia heloisae L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FicurE 16
A D. hilaireana Mez, cui affinis, foliis integerrimis, pedicellis elon-
gatis differt.
Subacaulescent, 4-5 dm. high; leaves 10-12 cm. long, entire, the
sheaths large, suborbicular, almost black, the blades narrowly triangu-
lar, 2 cm. wide at base, thick, rigid, pungent, glabrous above, covered
beneath with cinereous appressed scales; scape stout, to 6 mm. in
diameter, glabrous at least in age; scape-bracts subfoliaceous, the
upper ones much shorter than the internodes; inflorescence laxly
racemose, many-flowered, glabrous at least in age; floral bracts nar-
rowly triangular, the lower ones exceeding the pedicels; pedicels
slenderly clavate, spreading, frequently curved upward toward the
apex, to 14 mm. long; sepals broadly ovate, apparently broadly acute,
9 mm. long; stamens free above the very short tube with the petals;
capsule ovoid, short-beaked, about equaling the sepals.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2120193, collected on rocky crest,
Serra do Cipé, 5 kilometers north of Chapeu de Sol. Municipio Jaboticatubas,
State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, altitude 1,100 meters, Apr. 29, 1952, by L. B.
Smith (No. 6608), F. Segadas-Vianna, W. A. Egler, L. Dau, Z. Lopes da Silva,
W. T. Ormond & G. C. Machline.
Encholirium bradeanum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 2
Inter generis species valde singularis, a speciebus omnibus laminis
foliorum angustissimis quam longitudine spinarum angustioribus
differt.
Flowering plant over 7 dm. high; leaves rosulate, 24 cm. long, ap-
pressed-pale-lepidote on both sides, the sheaths small and inconspicu-
ous, the blades linear, 4 mm. wide at base, laxly serrate with slender
curved mostly subopposite spines 5 mm. long; scape 8 mm. in di-
ameter, glabrous at least with age; scape-bracts suberect, foliaceous
and much exceeding the internodes but the highest small, entire, and
shorter than the internodes; inflorescence simple, many-flowered,
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 27
dense except near the base, 20 cm. long, 4 cm. in diameter, glabrous
at least with age; floral bracts narrowly triangular, exceeding the
pedicels ; flowers spreading ; pedicels 6 mm. long, stout, sulcate ; sepals
broadly ovate, 5 mm. long; petals and stamens very imperfectly
known but apparently free; capsule ovoid, stout, 9g mm. long, dark
castaneous ; seeds surrounded by a falcate wing.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2104402, collected from cultivated
material in the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, originating from the region
of Diamantina, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Feb. 8, 1952, by L. B. Smith
& A. C. Brade (No. 5652).
Neoregelia bahiana (Ule) L. B. Smith var. viridis L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt foliis omnino viridibus.
Leaves wholly green in contrast to the typical variety which has the
inner leaves red on the upper side.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on the Serra de Piedade, near Belo
Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, altitude 1,300 meters, July 10, 1940
(bloomed in cultivation, June 1, 1943), by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 573).
Neoregelia coriacea (Antoine) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Karatas coriacea Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 51, pl. 30, fig. 1. 1884.
Neoregelia fluminensis L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 58
A N. macahensis (Ule) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliis omnibus
similibus angustioribus utrinque lepidibus magnis pallidis adpressis
densissime obtectis, pedicellis brevioribus sepalis apiculatis, subsym-
metricis differt.
Stoloniferous ; leaves all alike, to 36 cm. long, completely covered
with coarse pale appressed scales, sheaths broadly elliptic, 11 cm. long,
their scales brownish, blades ligulate, rounded and apiculate, 27 mm.
wide, laxly serrulate with teeth 0.5 mm. long, green; scape 6 cm.
long; inflorescence simple, about 12-flowered; outer bracts ovate,
3 cm. long, membranaceous, densely lepidote; floral bracts oblong,
obtuse and apiculate, membranaceous, lepidote; pedicels slender,
14 mm. long; sepals 15 mm. long, connate for 3 mm., the lobes
slightly asymmetric, broadly elliptic and apiculate; fruit globose,
6 mm. in diameter.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Teresdpolis, State of Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, Aug. 21, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 982).
28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Neoregelia hoehneana L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FicurE 56
A N. ampullacea (E. Morr.) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, stolonibus
arcuato-dependentibus, bracteis florigeris sepala subaequantibus,
sepalis obtusis valde asymmetricis, petalis obtusis omnino albis differt.
Stemless, propagating by long slender arching-pendent stolons;
leaves about 10 in each rosette, even the inner ones only 15 cm. long,
bearing minute dark appressed scales, the sheaths ample, 6 cm. long,
forming a subcylindric or ellipsoid tank, densely lepidote, the blades
linear, flat, broadly rounded and apiculate, 25 mm. wide, green, very
sparsely lepidote, very sparsely serrulate with teeth less than 0.5 mm.
long; inflorescence few-flowered, hidden in the center of the leaf-
rosette; floral bracts oblong, obtuse, about equaling the sepals, thin,
greenish white, subglabrous; pedicels slender, 5 mm. long; sepals
short-connate, 12 mm. long, broadly obtuse, strongly asymmetric,
green centrally ; petals 22 mm. long, white, the blades elliptic, obtuse ;
stamens included ; ovary ellipsoid, 7 mm. long.
Type in the Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, No. 44469, collected in Cara-
guatatuba, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Nov. 13, 1940, by A. Gehrt.
Neoregelia johannis (Carr.) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Nidularium johannis Carr. Rev. Hortic. 56: 432. 1884.
Neoregelia kuhlmannii L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 60
A N. coriacea (Antoine) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliis viridibus,
pedicellis brevissimis differt.
Plant propagating by long rhizomes 7 mm. in diameter ; leaves sub-
erect, 25 cm. long, the sheaths broadly elliptic, 11 cm. long, pale green,
densely and finely brown-lepidote, the blades ligulate, broadly
rounded or even somewhat retuse and apiculate, 5 cm. wide, sub-
entire, green, concolorous, glabrous above, inconspicuously pale-
lepidote beneath; scape 3 cm. long, 4 mm. in diameter ; scape-bracts
suborbicular, 15 mm. long, thin, densely lepidote ; inflorescence simple,
few-flowered, less than 3 cm. in diameter ; outer bracts broadly ovate,
acute, nearly equaling the sepals, thin, lepidote toward the apex;
floral bracts lance-linear, flat, rounded and apiculate, slightly exceeded
by the sepals, thin, sparsely lepidote; pedicels 5 mm. long; sepals
lance-linear, acute, slightly asymmetric, 30 mm. long, connate for
8 mm., glabrous; only immature petals and stamens known; ovary
subcylindric, 2 cm. long.
Type in the Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, No. 55355, collected at Fazenda
Japuhyba, Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by Moysés Kuhlmann
(No. 2652).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 29
Neoregelia leprosa L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 57
A N. macahensis (Ule) L. B. Smith, cui affinis foliis angustioribus
lepidibus magnis pallidis adpressis densissime obtectis, pedicellis
brevioribus differt.
Leaves all alike, to 22 cm. long, covered on both sides with coarse
cinereous appressed scales, sheaths broadly elliptic, 6-8 cm. long,
their scales with brownish centers, blades ligulate, rounded and apicu-
late, becoming broadly retuse by the reflexing of the apex, 28 mm.
wide, subdensely serrulate with teeth less than 1 mm. long, green,
darker beneath; scape unknown; inflorescence simple, about 20-
flowered ; outer bracts broadly ovate, 3 cm. long, thin, lepidote ; floral
bracts exceeded by the sepals, membranaceous, lepidote; pedicels
slender, to 13 mm. long; sepals strongly asymmetric with the acumi-
nate apex extending 3 mm. above the wings, subfree, 14 mm. long, the
median part red-purple and lepidote toward the apex, the wings white ;
petals 18 mm. long, white, their blades broadly ovate, acute; ovary
ellipsoid, 7 mm. long.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on the Serra do Cipd, State of Minas
Gerais, Brazil, July 13, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 656). Duplicate
in U. S. National Herbarium.
Neoregelia macrosepala L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGuRE 61
A N. farinosa (Ule) L. B. Smith, cui verisimiliter affinis, vaginis
foliorium angustioribus, purpureo suffultis, sepalis majoribus paulo
asymmetricis lepidotis differt.
Propagating by short, ascending stolons; leaves about 15 in a
spreading rosette, 50-85 cm. long, coarsely pale-lepidote on both sides,
sheaths elliptic, 12-20 cm. long, tinged with purple, blades ligulate,
rounded and apiculate, 4o-45 mm. wide, laxly serrulate with basal
teeth 2 mm. long; scape short; scape-bracts densely imbricate; in-
florescence many-flowered, 6 cm. in diameter; outer bracts ovate,
acute, thin, densely lepidote; floral bracts lanceolate, to 7 cm. long,
nearly or quite equaling the sepals, straight; pedicels slender, to 30
mm. long; sepals slightly asymmetric with inconspicuous wings,
lanceolate, acuminate, 38 mm. long, connate for 2 mm., sparsely
lepidote becoming glabrous ; ovary ellipsoid, 12 mm. long.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, State of
Espirito Santo, Brazil, Aug. 17, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 968). Dupli-
cate in U. S. National Herbarium.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED:
Espirito SANTo: Vargem Alta, Aug. 15, 1940, M. B. & R. Foster 929
(GH).
30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Neoregelia melanodonta L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 66
A N. zonata L. B. Smith, cui affinis, stolonibus robustis, foliorum
laminis brevibus latisque regulariter minuteque albido zonatis, brac-
teis florigeris amplis cuspidatis differt.
Caudex 35 mm. in diameter (! Foster) ; leaves many, 15-20 cm.
long, pale-lepidote on both sides, the sheaths broadly elliptic, about as
long as the blades and slightly darker, blades broadly ligulate, rounded
and apiculate becoming retuse by the recession of the apex, 5 cm.
wide, sparingly dark-spotted, laxly serrate with black teeth 1.5 mm.
long, very regularly and finely marked beneath with white cross-lines ;
scape very short; inflorescence few-flowered, fusiform, 1 cm. in di-
ameter ; outer bracts ovate, cuspidate-acute, serrulate, densely lepidote ;
floral bracts like the outer bracts but narrower, nearly equaling the
sepals; pedicels slender, 20 mm. long; sepals definitely asymmetric,
elliptic with an involute-subulate apex, 23 mm. long, connate for 2
mm.; petals light blue (! Foster) ; ovary ellipsoid, 14 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2057905, collected at Cuibica, .
State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, Aug. 14, 1940 (bloomed in cultivation October
1952), by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 897).
Neoregelia myrmecophila (Ule) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Nidularium myrmecophilum Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 132. 1907.
Neoregelia oligantha L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 62
A N. cruenta (R. Graham) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, omnibus parti-
bus minoribus, inflorescentia pauciflora, sepalis paulo asymmetricis
differt.
Propagating by short ascending stolons; leaves few, 26 cm. long,
covered on both sides with pale coarse appressed scales but becoming
glabrous above in extreme age, sheaths broadly elliptic, 10 cm. long,
blades ligulate, rounded and apiculate, 23 mm. wide, laxly serrulate
with strongly uncinate teeth about 1 mm. long; scape very short; in-
florescence few-flowered, about 2 cm. in diameter; bracts thin, old
and poorly preserved in the only specimen seen; pedicels slender, 12
mm. long; sepals slightly asymmetric, lanceolate, acute, 23 mm. long,
connate for 1.5 mm.; ovary ellipsoid, 8 mm. long.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in the Parque Nacional, Ipatinga on
the Rio Doce, Municipio of Antonio Dias, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil,
July 26, 1940, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 742).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 31
Neoregelia pauciflora L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 65
A N. zonata L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliorum vaginis intus atro-
purpureis, laminis brevibus supra regulariter transverseque albido
lineatis, bracteis florigeris brevissimis differt.
Stolons elongate, slender, horizontal ; leaves about 12, 15 cm. long,
minutely and sparsely lepidote on both sides, sheaths elliptic, as long
as or longer than the blades, dark purple above, blades broadly
ligulate, rounded and apiculate, 35 mm. wide, laxly serrulate with
dark teeth 1 mm. long, marked above with fine regular white cross-
lines; scape very short; inflorescence fusiform, few-flowered, less
than 2 cm. in diameter ; floral bracts shorter than the pedicels, ovate,
acute, membranaceous; pedicels slender, 25 mm. long; sepals slightly
asymmetric, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 20 mm. long, connate for
I mm.; petals 35 mm. long, white (! Foster) ; ovary slenderly ellip-
soid, 7 mm. long.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Santa Teresa, State of Espirito
Santo, Brazil, altitude 765 meters, July 26, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 265).
Neoregelia princeps (Baker) L. B. Smith, var. phyllanthidea (Mez) L. B.
Smith, comb. nov.
Aregelia princeps var. phyllanthidea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 76. 1896.
Neoregelia uleana L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 59
A N. leucophoea (Baker) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliorum laminis
angustioribus acutis et subulato-mucronatis differt.
Leaves 32 cm. long, bearing dark brown appressed scales, the
sheaths broadly elliptic, 10 cm. long, densely lepidote, dark castaneous
except for the pale apex, the blades ligulate, acute with a subulate
5 mm. long mucro, 3 cm. wide, apparently concolorous, densely
lepidote beneath, becoming glabrous above, laxly serrate with black
ascending teeth 2 mm. long; scape 8 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter ;
scape-bracts very broadly ovate with a short triangular apex, thin,
densely lepidote, the lowest serrate; inflorescence simple, many-
flowered, 6 cm. in diameter; outer bracts like the scape-bracts, the
highest nearly equaling the sepals; floral bracts linear, slightly ex-
ceeded by the sepals, cucullate, mucronulate, thin, densely brown-
lepidote toward the apex ; pedicels slender, 25 mm. long ; sepals lanceo-
late, acute, somewhat asymmetric, 34 mm. long, connate for 5 mm.,
brown-lepidote inside, glabrous outside; only very immature petals
and stamens seen; ovary ellipsoid, 18 mm. long.
Type in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, No. 46406, collected from culti-
vated material in the gardens of the Museu, May 1806, by E. Ule.
32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
There is no record of the origin of Neoregelia uleana nor of N.
leucophoea which appears to be its nearest relative.
Nidularium apiculatum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 77
A N. terminale Ule, cui affinis, foliis multo minoribus angustiori-
busque, scapo humile differt.
Propagating by short basal offshoots; leaves about 15 in a flat
rosette, to 33 cm. long, sheaths elliptic, to cm. long, sparsely pale-
lepidote, blades ligulate, broadly acute and apiculate, 27 mm. wide,
glabrous at maturity, laxly serrulate with teeth 0.5 mm. long, bearing
a broad pale median channel toward the base; scape 10 cm. high,
distinctly separating the inflorescence from the rosette; scape-bracts
foliaceous but much reduced, densely imbricate; outer bracts of the
inflorescence subfoliaceous with elongate spreading blades, red-striate ;
floral bracts oblong, acute, much exceeded by the sepals, serrulate,
membranaceous, lepidote; sepals 18 mm. long, connate for 7 mm.,
the free lobes elliptic, broadly rounded and apiculate at least in drying,
entire; petals and stamens unknown.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected under trees, Mount Itatiaia, State of
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 30, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 124).
Nidularium apiculatum L. B. Smith var. serrulatum L. B. Smith, var. nov.
Differt sepalis dense serrulatis.
Differing from the typical variety by its densely serrulate sepals.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on rocks in shade, Mount Itatiaia,
State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 30, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster (No. 121).
Nidularium innocentii Lem. var. lineatum (Mez) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Nidularium lineatum Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 412. 1913.
Nidularium itatiaiae L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FicurE 76
A N. longifloro Ule et N. paucifloro Ule, cuibus affinis, sepalis
minoribus altiore connatis late rotundatis mucronulatisque differt.
Leaves rosulate, to 31 cm. long, coarsely appressed-lepidote be-
neath, sheaths broadly elliptic, 12 cm. long, blades ligulate, broadly
acute and apiculate, 35 mm. wide, laxly serrulate with teeth less than
1 mm. long, glabrous above at maturity; scape 9 cm. long; scape-
bracts subfoliaceous, densely imbricate; outer bracts of the inflores-
cence broadly ovate with minute blades, red, serrulate, lepidote ; floral
bracts elliptic, acute, 25 mm. long, membranaceous, serrulate, densely
and coarsely appressed-lepidote; sepals 17 mm. long, connate for
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 33
8 mm., the free lobes broadly ovate, mucronulate, entire or erose;
petals and stamens unknown.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on trees near Maromba Falls, Mount
Itatiaia, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 30, 1939, by M. B. & R. Foster
(No. 118).
Orthophytum amoenum (Ule) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Sincoraea amoena Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 191, fig. r A-F. 1908.
Orthophytum disjunctum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 85
A O. folioso L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliis utrinque lepidibus pa-
tentibus obtectis, inflorescentia fere omnino laxa, bracteis primariis
spicas subduplo superantibus dense serratis differt.
Stoloniferous, aggregated, 35-50 cm. high; leaves 15-17 cm. long,
covered with pale-cinereous spreading scales, sheaths small and incon-
spicuous, blades narrowly triangular, acuminate, 17-20 mm. wide,
flat, densely serrate with spreading teeth 3 mm. long; scape erect,
slender, densely cinereous-flocculose; scape-bracts foliaceous but
spreading and almost completely exposing it; inflorescence elongate,
lax except for the extreme apex, densely cinereous-flocculose ; pri-
mary bracts foliaceous but only about twice as long as the axillary
spikes, curving-reflexed; spikes subglobose, 15-20 mm. long, few-
flowered ; floral bracts broadly ovate with an acuminate recurved
apex, 13 mm. long, pectinate-serrate; sepals narrowly triangular,
II mm. long; petals 12 mm. long, white, the scales borne well above
the base.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1952419, collected on rocks at
Queimada, between Campina Grande and Caruaru, State of Paraiba, Brazil,
altitude 450 meters, Oct. 11, 1948, by M. B. Foster (No. 2419).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED:
PERNAMBUCO: Mun. Quipapa: Engenheiro Pelada, Silva & Leal 247 (RB).
Orthophytum maracasense L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 84
A O. folioso L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliis utrinque lepidibus ad-
pressis obtectis, bracteis primariis superioribus spicas subduplo super-
antibus differt.
Caudex short and thick but evident; flowering plant 3 dm. high;
leaves 3 dm. long, covered with white appressed scales but becoming
more or less glabrous above with age, sheaths small and inconspicuous,
blades narrowly triangular, acuminate, 3 cm. wide, laxly serrate with
spreading teeth 3 mm. long; scape erect, white-flocculose; scape-
34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
bracts foliaceous, large, spreading and exposing most of the scape;
inflorescence densely cylindric except at base, 13 cm. long, densely
white-lepidote ; primary bracts foliaceous, spreading, the lowest elon-
gate, the others not more than twice as long as the axillary spikes;
spikes subglobose, 3 cm. long; floral bracts broadly ovate with an
acuminate spreading or recurving apex, 2 cm. long, pectinate-serrate ;
sepals narrowly triangular, acuminate, 15 mm. long; petals slightly
exceeding the sepals, white, appendaged well above the base.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1952463, collected in Table Rock
area near Maracas, State of Baia, Brazil, altitude 900 meters, Oct. 21, 1948, by
M. B. Foster (No. 2471).
Orthophytum navioides (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Cryptanthopsis navioides L, B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 31, pl. 3,
figs. 4-6. 1940.
Orthophytum rubrum L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 83
Ab omnibus speciebus adhuc cognitis inflorescentia digitata, spicis
elongatis rubris differt.
Leaves numerous, 55 cm. long, covered at first with white ap-
pressed scales, the sheaths suborbicular, 2-3 cm. long, pale brown,
becoming glabrous and lustrous, the blades linear-triangular, caudate-
acuminate, 2 cm. wide, laxly serrate with pale ascending spines 2 mm.
long, becoming glabrous above; scape elongate; scape-bracts folia-
ceous, spreading; inflorescence digitate from a few spikes; primary
bracts foliaceous, about twice as long as the spikes, spreading ; spikes
ellipsoid, densely many-flowered, 4 cm. long, 25 mm. in diameter,
red; floral bracts divergent, broadly ovate, acuminate, 2 cm. long,
serrate, nerved, soon glabrous; sepals triangular, mucronulate, 12 mm.
long, the posterior ones very broadly alate-carinate; petals 15 mm.
long, white, appendaged well above the base ; stamens included ; ovary
subglobose.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2057911, collected on Table Rock,
near Maracas, State of Baia, Brazil, in 1948, by M. B. Foster (No. 2444), and
flowered in cultivation in 1952.
Orthophytum saxicola (Ule) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Cryptanthopsis saxicola Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 193, fig. 1 G-K. 1908.
Quesnelia edmundoi L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE I13
A Q. laterale Wawra atque Q. blanda (Schott) Mez, quibus affinis,
foliis grosse subdenseque serratis, inflorescentia cylindrica magna,
bracteis florigeris cucullatis subcoriaceis differt.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—-SMITH 35
Known only from fragments, the flowering shoot over 4 dm. high ;
leaves 4-5 dm. long, bearing appressed brown scales throughout, the
sheaths elliptic, ample, the blades ligulate, rounded and apiculate, 4 cm.
wide, subdensely serrate with straight or slightly curved spines 4 mm.
long ; scape straight, 6 mm. in diameter, brown-lepidote ; inflorescence
strobilate, cylindric, 15 cm. long, 3 cm. in diameter; floral bracts in
about 8 ranks, erect, broadly ovate, acute, cucullate, 25 mm. long,
slightly exceeding the sepals, subcoriaceous except for the thin narrow
margins, glabrous, nerved toward the apex; sepals oblong, slightly
asymmetric, broadly obtuse, 14 mm. long; petals and stamens un-
known; ovary globose, epigynous tube infundibuliform, 2 mm. long,
ovules borne at the top of the cell.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2121556, collected at Barreiras,
Baixada Fluminensis, at the base of the Serra de Teresdpolis, State of Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, Dec. 8, 1948, by Edmundo Pereira and A. P. Duarte (No.
1522). Duplicate in the herbarium of the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro
(No. 65289).
Vriesia segadas-viannae L. B. Smith, sp. nov. FIGURE 40
A V. penduliflora L. B. Smith, cui affinis, ramis inflorescentiae
prophyllatis, bracteis florigeris quam sepalis subduplo brevioribus
differt.
Stemless, 8 dm. high; leaves 4 dm. long, finely and densely brown-
lepidote throughout, the sheaths elliptic, 16 cm. long, very dark
castaneous except near the apex, the blades ligulate, acute, 45 mm.
wide ; scape erect, slender, glabrous ; scape-bracts ovate, acute, slightly
exceeding the internodes ; inflorescence bipinnate, 3 dm. long, glabrous
at least with age; primary bracts like the scape-bracts, about equaling
the sterile bases of the branches; branches erect or suberect, very
slender, the lateral ones g cm. long including the abortive apical
flower, 3-4-flowered, the terminal 7-flowered, the sterile base short
and bearing one or two prophyllae; floral bracts becoming down-
wardly secund with the flowers, broadly ovate, acute, carinate, thin,
about half as long as the sepals; pedicels obconic, 8 mm. long; sepals
oblong, obtuse, 20 mm. long; petals and stamens unknown; capsule
cylindric, acute, 3 cm. long, coma pale brown.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2120196, collected at Palacio,
Serra do Cipé, Municipio Jaboticatubas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, altitude
1,200 meters, Apr. 28, 1952, by L. B. Smith (No. 6755), F. Segadas-Vianna,
L. Dau & W. T. Ormond.
36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Vriesia splendens (Brongn.) Lem. var. longibracteata (Baker) L. B.
Smith, comb. nov.
Tillandsia longibracteata Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 81. 1888.
Vriesia longibracteata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 568. 1896.
Type Locaity: Venezuela; Mountains of Tovar. Type collected by Fendler
(No. 2449).
DistRIBUTION : Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela, British Guiana.
Vriesia splendens var. longibracteata can be said to differ from
the typical variety only in its concolorous leaf-blades, yet its different
range makes a designation for it desirable.
Wittrockia azurea L. B. Smith, n. sp. FIGURE 90
Ab omnibus speciebus adhuc cognitis sepalis minimis, petalis
azureis differt.
Flowering shoot 2 dm. high; leaves rosulate, 4 dm. long, green with
a pale median band, obscurely pale-lepidote, the sheaths elliptic, 8 cm.
long, entire except near the apex, the blades linear, acuminate, con-
tracted toward the base, 13 mm. wide, laxly serrulate; scape erect,
slender, much exceeding the leaf-sheaths, covered and much exceeded
by the foliaceous bracts ; inflorescence compact, few-flowered, less than
3 cm. in diameter; primary bracts subfoliaceous, elongate, forming a
stellate involucre about the inflorescence ; floral bracts oblong, obtuse,
about equaling the center of the sepals, densely serrulate, membrana-
ceous, lepidote ; sepals oblong, obtuse, 12 mm. long, connate for 3 mm.,
thin, glabrous, nerved ; petals 15 mm. long, bearing 2 fimbriate scales
at base, the free lobes elliptic, obtuse, cucullate, blue; stamens in-
cluded; ovary obconic, 6 mm. long, epigynous tube 1.5 mm. long,
placentae central, ovules apiculate.
Type in the herbarium of the Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, No. 51968,
collected in virgin rain forest, Fazenda da Companhia, Coronél Pacheco, State
of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Aug. 30, 1944, by Ezechias P. Heringer (No. 1536).
Wittrockia campos-portoi L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ficure 89
A W. smithii Reitz, cui affinis, foliis viridibus, scapo elongato, in-
florescentiae bracteis primariis angustis, petalis callosis apice flavis
differt.
Leaves rosulate; scape elongate; raising the compact involucrate
inflorescence well above the leaf-sheaths ; primary bracts 14 cm. long,
obscurely pale-lepidote, the sheaths ovate, ample, concealing all but
the apices of the few flowers in each axil, the blades linear, acuminate,
15 mm. wide, reddish, laxly and minutely serrulate; floral bracts
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 37
broadly ovate, subacute, 2 cm. long, entire, membranaceous, white ;
sepals 28 mm. long, connate for 7 mm., the free lobes lanceolate, acute
but not pungent, subsymmetric, green; petals 5 cm. long, highly con-
nate, the free lobes 15 mm. long, elliptic, obtuse, cucullate, yellow, the
tube green and white, bearing calli above the base; stamens included ;
ovary globose, 6 mm. long, epigynous tube lacking, placentae central.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2104774, collected from cultivated
material received from the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, by L. B. Smith.
Duplicate in the Herbario “Barbosa Rodrigues.”
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
CHARACTERS OF THE FAMILY
Herbs or rarely shrubby perennials, largely epiphytic. Roots usually
present, but often serving merely as holdfasts in the epiphytic species.
Leaves spirally arranged, usually rosulate, dilated-sheathing at the
base, simple, entire or spinose-serrate, bearing peltate scales at least
when young, and these serving to absorb moisture. Inflorescence
simple or compound, of spikes or racemes, usually bearing brightly
colored conspicuous bracts. Flowers perfect or sometimes func-
tionally unisexual, that is with both stamens and pistil but only one
functional, rarely strictly staminate (Cryptanthus). Perianth hetero-
chlamydeous, the sepals and petals free or connate. Stamens 6 in
2 series; filaments free, or joined to the petals or to each other.
Styles 3-parted. Ovary superior to inferior, 3-celled. Placentae axile,
extending the length of the cell or variously reduced. Fruit capsular
or baccate. Seeds naked, winged, or plumose. Embryo small, situated
at the base of the copious mealy endosperm.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA
1. Seeds variously appendaged (naked in Navia, but the ovary superior and
the fruit dehiscent); ovary wholly or in part superior (wholly inferior
in Pitcairnia anomala) ; fruit a capsule (but indehiscent in a few species
of Pitcairnia).
2. Seeds with entire appendages, not plumose; ovary usually wholly or in
part superior; leaves often spinose-serrate; plants almost always
POMROCUE SAV. icnivicisaveieia pb oe ssw ce’ <sia/uelaterate Subfamily 1. Pitcairnioideae
2. Seeds plumose; ovary nearly or quite superior (in the Brazilian genera) ;
leaves always entire; plants chiefly epiphytic.
Subfamily 2. Tillandsioideae
1. Seeds always naked; ovary wholly or in very large part (Acanthostachys)
inferior; fruit always baccate, fleshy to coriaceous; leaves usually spinose-
serrate; plants often epiphytic............. Subfamily 3. Bromelioideae
38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Subfamily 1. PITCAIRNIOIDEAE
1. Seeds appendaged; sepals convolute with the left side of each overlapping
the right of the next one (except in Brocchinia).
2. Petals free; filaments not forming a tube; flowers always perfect.
3. Ovary wholly superior.
4. Petals naked; herbs.
5. Seeds broad, with a wing surrounding at least three sides; plants
usually large and coarse.
6. Petals broad, much more conspicuous than the sepals, strongly
twisted together after anthesis; seed-wing little if at all pro-
duced. (iim ierecntarmetie: piescttarccs cence mae 1. Puya
6. Petals narrow, inconspicuous; seed-wing produced dorsally. (Figs.
Fe Te PPP Rete Sf oh i Ot rene ie a 2. Encholirium
5. Seeds narrow, caudate-appendaged or apiculate at each pole; petals
not twisted together after anthesis.
7. Seeds or ovules merely apiculate; placentae basal. (Fig. 4.)
3. Cottendorfia
7. Seeds long-caudate; placentae usually extending almost the height
of the cell.
8. Petals white, separate after anthesis; sepals not over 5 mm.
long, thin, flat; plants slender. (Fig. 5.)..... 4. Lindmania
8. Petals brightly colored, more or less massed together after
anthesis but not twisted; sepals larger and firmer; plants
relatively robust (GEIS. Gives doce ccencaciens 5. Connellia
4. Petals each bearing a single large scale near the base; spreading
shrubs; scape with a definite cambium layer; inflorescence panicu-
ate. (Pigs 7.) Uist tamete alee ’s ws ebieie os 6. Deuterocohnia
3. Ovary at least partly inferior.
9g. Flowers large and conspicuous, usually zygomorphic; petals often
appendaged, several times as long as the ovary; ovules numerous.
(Bigs. STi. )icsiclce pein eee ee bie oo) oles wo nigere wie 7. Pitcairnia
9. Flowers minute, regular; petals naked, usually shorter than the ovary;
ovules: few. (Figs 122) facade ere ress ces ane an ne 8. Brocchinia
2. Petals joined centrally to a tube formed by the bases of the filaments but
their margins free, yellow or orange; flowers sometimes with one sex
aborted; seeds winged. (BIgs: 13-20 Qi cervecedeeccecncws 9. Dyckia
1. Seeds naked; sepals cochlear with both posterior ones overlapping the
anterio®:: (( Fig 21.) dc dos fee See Ee eines © Saw eAN elt sje 10. Navia
Subfamily 2. TILLANDSIOIDEAE
1. Appendage of the seed basal, straight at maturity. (Fig. 22.)
2. Petals free or slightly joined, the corolla-tube then deeply included in the
calyx.
3. Petals naked; inflorescence of one or more distichous-flowered spikes
or rarely simple and polystichous or even one-flowered. (Figs. 22-30.)
11. Tillandsia
3. Petals each bearing two scales (or very rarely a single one) on the
mrier face:) (Pigs. 91-48)iiizcamesueen en nee na enaneg cs 12. Vriesia
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 39
2. Petals joined or closely agglutinated and simulating true fusion, the
corolla-tube about equaling the calyx or longer; flowers always poly-
BECOME, CHIP AU RO a a ciaele.s dea 4 a's 050s cin go ae 13. Guzmania
1. Appendage of the seed apical, folded at maturity; sepals strongly asymmetric
in most species; flowers polystichous. (Fig. 50.)........... 14. Catopsis
Subfamily 3. BROMELIOIDEAE
1. Petals naked; flowers never in strobilate spikes.
2. Filaments not forming a tube; petals free or connate by their margins.
3. Inflorescence elongate or if short (some species of Streptocalyx) then
the flowers distichous ; petals free.
4. The inflorescence simple, lax; flowers pedicellate. (Fig. 51.)
15. Fernseea
4. The inflorescence compound; flowers pedicellate or sessile.
5. Sepals not more than 3 mm. long; flowers minute, sessile or pedicel-
lateovulesstews.\ (Pig? 52°). 3)... as aseooenee 16. Araeococcus
5. Sepals 8-23 mm. long; flowers larger, sessile; ovules numerous.
CUR TEASE A ASIC Th) ata EOD ed cet th 17. Streptocalyx
3. Inflorescence densely capitate or capitiform, often involucrate; flowers
never distichous; petals free or connate by their margins.
6. Flowers on slender pedicels; inflorescence involucrate, sunk in the
center of the rosette; petal-blades spreading, acute. (Figs. 55-66.)
18. Neoregelia
6. Flowers sessile or subsessile.
7. Epigynous tube very short or lacking.
8. Petals thin, widely spreading, obtuse, white or rarely yellow;
bracts of the inflorescence foliaceous; usually some of the
flowers unisexual. (Figs. 67-72.)........... 19. Cryptanthus >
8. Petals fleshy, erect or rarely spreading and acute; bracts of the
inflorescence not foliaceous; flowers all perfect. (Figs. 73-77.)
20. Nidularium
7. Epigynous tube elongate; scape elongate, slender; inflorescence not
iInvolucrate: ChIes 7S.) «sas vas mca cae aen selene 21. Andrea
2. Filaments forming a tube to which the fleshy petals are joined along their
centers but with their margins free; inflorescence compound, many-
flowered, sessile or scapose, globose or elongate. (Figs. 79-81.)
22. Bromelia
1. Petals appendaged or when rarely naked then the flowers strobilate.
9. Ovaries always remaining distinct; inflorescence compound or simple;
sepals often mucronate.
10. Ovary in small part superior; scape naked; inflorescence simple,
strobilate, pseudolateral. (Fig. 82.)........... 23. Acanthostachys
10. Ovary completely inferior.
11. Scape-bracts foliaceous or the scape lacking; sepals always free;
epigynous tube very short or none.
12. Petal-scales well developed; sepals nearly or quite symmetric,
10-20 mm. long; inflorescence or its spikes few-flowered, small.
MRM R SUS A=SS. ) vias x aiacdaieie x apeate ame een aw eee 24. Orthophytum
40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
12. Petal-scales vestigial; sepals definitely asymmetric, 25-35 mm.
long; inflorescence or its spikes many-flowered, 6-15 cm. in
CiamMeter:-iapetercmtteteeteteealslatalcioarctsiwieuecoets state e nrenete 29. Aechmea
11. Scape-bracts distinct from the leaves, or if there is no evident scape
(some species of Aechmea) then the sepals much connate; epigy-
nous tube often large.
13. Inflorescence involucrate; sepals unarmed, nearly or quite free
in most species.
14. Petals completely free. (Figs. 86, 87.)........ 25. Canistrum
14. Petals partially connate above the base but often free at the base
and exposing the bases of the filaments of the first series.
(Figs, 88-00.) crevice nn kieiye eitacele a.avcls aves 26. Wittrockia
13. Inflorescence not involucrate or if somewhat so then the sepals
mucronate and much connate.
15. The inflorescence compound (simple in depauperate specimens
of Hohenbergia littoralis) ; flowers in strobilate spikes, much
compressed.
16. Epigynous tube very small or lacking; pollen-grains with 2 or
4 pores; CEGS9OT=08 isles scdistacds. ds 27. Hohenbergia
16. Epigynous tube well developed; pollen-grains with more than
A pores: Cie meres ccs see Spee nese 28. Gravisia
15. The inflorescence simple or if compound then the flowers not in
strobilate spikes.
17. Flowers sessile or if rarely pedicellate then the sepals free.
18. Sepals mucronate or pungent or if blunt then small and the
ovules long-caudate. (Figs. 95-1II.)...... 29. Aechmea
18. Sepals unarmed or soft-apiculate.
19. Ovules numerous.
20. Petals regular, erect or suberect; pollen-grains with
pores; flowers sessile. (Figs. 112-114.)
30. Quesnelia
20. Petals either zygomorphic or recurved in a spiral; dry
pollen-grains usually with a single longitudinal fold;
flowers sessile or pedicellate. (Figs. 115-123.)
31. Billbergia
19. Ovules few; flowers pedicellate, regular. (Fig. 124.)
32. Neoglaziovia
17. Flowers pedicellate; sepals connate; pollen-grains with more
than 4: POLS in ee ip aires essa as lam, 9i0, olaia'e asa 33. Portea
9. Ovaries fused with each other and with the fleshy bracts to form a syncarp;
inflorescence with an apical coma, simple; sepals never mucronate.
21. Inflorescence with a small inconspicuous coma, never producing basal
shoots; plant propagating by elongate rhizomes; petals bearing
vertical. folds,» CHig. 1026:)) fein erste = wleye <u sao! 34. Pseudananas
21. Inflorescence with a large conspicuous coma, often with basal shoots;
rhizomes lacking; petals usually bearing well developed scales (Figs.
POP. (NDS: ) 56 rs aad wiacaie TU etic ala\avale ile wrelates 35. Ananas
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 4I
1. Puya Molina
Puya Molina, Saggio Chile 160, 351. 1782.
Principally Andean with outlying species in Costa Rica, Guiana,
and northwestern Argentina.
1. Puya floccosa (Linden) E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 35:81. 1885. Ficure 1.
Pourretia floccosa Linden, Catal. 1853 ex Bot. Zeitung 11:718. 1853.
Pitcairnia floccosa Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 3:124. 1875.
Pitcairnia guyanensis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 120. 1880.
Rio Branco: Serra de Mairori, Rio Branco, Surumt, Ule 8371 (K (GH neg.
2550), MG, US).
ALso: VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA.
2. Encholirium Mart. ex Schult. £.
Encholirium Mart. ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixviii, 1233. 1830.
Endemic in northeastern Brazil.
1. Inflorescence usually compound with spreading more or less decurved
branches, curving when simple; dorsal wing of the seed linear, elongate.
1. E. horridum
1. Inflorescence usually simple, erect and rigid, when compound the branches
strict; dorsal wing of the seed subdeltoid, short.
2. Leaf-blades linear, 4 mm. wide, the spines longer than the width of the
blade; plants less than 1 m. high. (Fig. 2.)........ 2. E. bradeanum
2. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, several times wider than 4 mm., the
spines relatively short; plants mostly 2 m. high or more.
3. Floral bracts short and narrow, much exceeded by the sepals.
4. Pedicels slender, 8-14 mm. long, usually longer than the floral bracts.
PME SAD a dative eis bia'a)s vi s-<-a10's oc 6.614 wo tre ee 3. E. spectabile
4. Pedicels stout, 5-7 mm. long, shorter than the floral bracts.
4. E. hoehneanum
3. Floral bracts conspicuous, nearly equaling to exceeding the sepals.
S local bracts Coarsely Serrate::.... 2s soa geeumen eae 5. E. glaziovii
5. Floral bracts obscurely serrulate or entire.
6. Sepals narrowly elliptic, nearly equaling the petals.
6. E. subsecundum
6. Sepals elliptic or oblong, much shorter than the petals.
7. Axis of the inflorescence completely hidden by the flowers; sepals
POSTS mms ONT sicie-cs <ieleleel.e cetera 7. E. densiflorum
7. Axis of the inflorescence visible; sepals 6-7 mm. long.
8. E. rupestre
1. Encholirium horridum L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 32, pl. 3,
figs. I-3. 1940.
Espirito Santo: Vitéria, Foster 193 (GH, type, US neg. 4209, 4210).
2. Encholirium bradeanum L. B. Smith, p. 26 and fig. 2.
Minas Gerats: Region of Diamantina, Smith & Brade 5652 (US, type).
42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
3. Encholirium spectabile Mart. ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1233.
1830. FIGURE 3.
Dyckia spectabilis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 138. 1880.
Pravui: Oeiras, Gardner 2329 (BM, K (GH neg. 2548), NY).
CearA: Campo Grande, Dahlgren 896 (F). Cascavel, Dahlgren (GH).
Humaita, Ducke (MG).
Paraisa: Campina Grande, Foster 2418 (US).
PERNAMBUCO: Mun. Caruaru: Carapotos, Caruaru, Pickel 4240 (IPA).
Lene “ns Genes
Fic. 1.—Puya floccosa: a, Section of leaf, X 1; b, branch of inflorescence,
X %; ¢, sepal, X 1; d, seed, X 2.
Fic. 2—Encholirium bradeanum: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, section of leaf, X13
c, flower and capsule, 1; d, seed, X 2.
Baia: Itumirim, Campos Porto (RB). Joazeiro, Martius 2483 (M, type);
Rose & Russell 19770 (NY, US). Paulo Afonso Falls, Schery 505 (GH).
4. Encholirium hoehneanum L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sio Paulo
nov. ser. 1: 100, fl. 112. 1943.
Baia: Jacobina, Foster 89 (GH, type; R).
5. Encholirium glaziovii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:505. 1894.
Minas Gerats: Glaziou 19918 (B, type, F neg. 11456).
6. Encholirium subsecundum (Baker) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 540.
1806.
Dyckia subsecunda Baker, Handb. Bromel. 135. 1880.
Minas Gerais: Milho Verde, Saint-Hilaire E-496 (P, type, GH neg. 2095).
Serra do Cipd, Foster 640 (GH, US). Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipé,
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 43
6 km. north of Palacio, Smith & Mus. R 6881 (R, US). Chapeu de Sol,
Serra do Cipé, Smith & Mus. R 7036 (R, US).
7. Encholirium densiflorum Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 198. 1908.
Bafa: Tamburi Ule 7060 (B, type, F neg. 11455). Mun. Amargosa: Milagres,
Foster 2474 (US).
8. Encholirium rupestre Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 199. 1908.
Baia: Serra do Sao Ignacio, Ule 7223 (B, type, F neg. 11457).
Fic. 3. Fic. 4.
Fic. 3.—Encholirium spectabile: a, Habit (after M. B. Foster), X 1/40; b,
section of leaf, & %4; c, flower (after Flora Brasiliensis), & 1; d, seed, X I.
Fic. 4.—Cottendorfia florida: a, Apex of leaf, X %; b, branch of inflorescence,
X 4; c, flower, X 2.5; d, longitudinal section of ovary, X 5. (All after Flora
Brasiliensis. )
3. Cottendorfia Schult. f.
Cottendorfia Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixiv, 1193. 1830.
A monotypic Brazilian endemic.
1. Cottendorfia florida Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1193. 1830. Ficure 4.
Prauf: Southern part of state, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Paraisa: Piancd, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Baia: Jeremoabo, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Serra do Sincora, Martius 1938
(M, type, F neg. 8629) ; Ule 7081 (K).
4. Lindmania Mez
Lindmania Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 535. 1806.
Southern México to Paraguay and northern Argentina. Chiefly
Andean.
44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
1. Inflorescence glabrous; flowers polystichous, spreading; leaf-blades broadest
At the base ccd asic sic'e ace nsvep te teeterede nese iecheon arevesa ce ore hata ene 1. L. guianensis
1. Inflorescence arachnoid; flowers secund, pendent; leaf-blades broadest at
the mlddle, «0s 23 ss ote mid Me aE ee aa die ow seis aceite 2. L. micrantha
1. Lindmania guianensis (Beer) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 537. 1896.
FIGURE 5.
Anoplophytum guianense Beer, Bromel. 44. 1857.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
BriTisH GUIANA: Kaieteur, Maguire & Fanshawe 23158 (GH, NY, US).
Berbice, upper Corentyne River, Rob. Schomburgk 20 (K, isotype, GH
neg. 1396).
VENEZUELA: Southwest slope, Mount Roraima, Steyermark 58616 (F, GH).
2. Lindmania micrantha (Lindl.) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 77.
1934.
Pitcairnia micrantha Lindl. Bot. Reg. 29, Misc.: 44. 1843.
Cottendorfia neogranatensis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 129. 1889.
Lindmania neogranatensis Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 538. 1806.
Lindmania flaccida Standley, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 364. 1923.
Distrito FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, C. Smith (CGE, type). The only record
for Brazil and a very dubious one because based on cultivated material.
Atso: SouTHERN MExIco, CENTRAL AMERICA.
5. Connellia N. E. Brown
Connellia N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 6:66. t1gor.
Southern Venezuela.
1. Inflorescence compound with several flowers in the axil of each major
bract; leaf-blades glabrous on both sides................- 1. C. augustae
1. Inflorescence simple with a single flower in the axil of each bract; leaf-
blades more or less lepidote on one side.
2. Leaf-blades stout, rigid, densely tomentose-lepidote above, soon glabrous
bedeath! (Fig. 6.) ou...2 eae meee eee ae slees cee 2. C. quelchii
2. Leaf-blades flaccid, glabrous above, obscurely lepidote beneath, margins
White; promifient::./4..csiecaneeeiteteelae siete niaiciele.eie ales 3. C. caricifolia
1. Connellia augustae (Rich. Schomburgk) N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc.
Bot. II. 6: 66, pl. 13. 1901.
Encholirium augustae Rich. Schomburgk, Verh. Preuss. Gartenb. Ver. 18:
130, pl. 2. 1847.
Dyckia augustae Baker, Handb. Bromel. 135. 1880.
Puya augustae Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 487. 18096.
Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded.
VENEZUELA: Mount Roraima, McConnell & Quelch 670 (K); Schomburgk
687 (or 1021) (BM, K (GH neg. 1374) ) ; Steyermark 58883 (F, GH).
2. Connellia quelchii N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 6:67, pl. 14.
I90I. FicurE 6.
Puya roraimae Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 417. 1913.
Puya quelchiit L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 89:7, 66. 1930.
Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 45
VENEZUELA: Mount Roraima, im Thurn 315 (BM, BRG, K, US) ; Luetzelburg
21567 (R) ; McConnell & Quelch 107 (K, type, GH neg. 1377) ; Steyermark
58818 (F, GH) ; Ule 8557 (B, type of Puya roraimae Mez (F neg. 11417),
MG).
3. Connellia caricifolia L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Bot. Explor. Venezuela-I,
Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 130, fig. 20 a—b. 1951.
Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded.
VENEZUELA: Mount Roraima, Steyermark 58846 (F, type).
Fic. 5. ENG OF
Fic. 5.—Lindmania guianensis: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, section of inflorescence,
X1; ¢, sepal, X 1; d, petal and stamen, <1; ¢, pistil, < 1.
Fic. 6.—Connellia quelchii: a, Leaf, X %; b, inflorescence, X 14; c, petal and
stamen, X1; d, pistil, X1. (All after N. E. Brown.)
6. Deuterocohnia Mez
Deuterocohnia Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 506. 1894.
Xerophytic shrubs. Slopes of the Andes in Pert, Bolivia, Argen-
tina, and Chile, also in the basin of the Rio Paraguay in Brazil and
Paraguay.
1. Deuterocohnia meziana O. Kuntze ex Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 465.
1896. FicuRE 7.
Deuterocohnia paraguariensis Hassler, Ann. Consery. & Jard. Bot. Genéve
20: 298. I9gI9.
Deuterocohnia divaricata Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:9. 1910.
46 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Mato Grosso: Corumba, Kuntze (NY, type); Hoehne in Rondon 3543 (R);
Foster 1045 (GH, US); 1064 (GH).
Aso: PARAGUAY.
7. Pitcairnia L’Hérit.
Pitcairnia L’Heérit. Sert. Angl. 7. 1788, nomen conservandum.
Hepetis Sw. Prodr. 4, 56. 1788.
México and the West Indies to northern Argentina. One species
in Africa.
1. Flowers and pedicels stout; floral bracts large, ample; ovary almost wholly
superior; leaves entire, petiolate, 6-8 cm. wide. ........ 1. P. maidifolia
1. Flowers slender and usually the pedicels also (pedicels almost lacking in
P. anomala) ; floral bracts usually small or narrow.
2. Fruit dehiscent; ovary at least half superior; inflorescence simple or
compound.
3. Petals naked.
4. Inflorescence amply paniculate; leaf-blades narrowly triangular, not
narrowed at the base.
5. Flowers deflexed-secund; sepals 30-37 mm. long....... 2. P. nuda
5. Flowers stiffly spreading in all directions; sepals 15-20 mm. long.
3. P. patentiflora
4. Inflorescence simple; leaf-blades often narrowed at the base.
6. Blades of all the leaves persistent.
7. Leaves with a distinct slender petiole........... 4. P. lancifolia
7. Leaves not petiolate, though often somewhat narrowed at the base.
8. Pedicels 3-5 mm. long, stout, sulcate; petals only a little longer
than the sepals; flowers spreading..... 5. P. encholirioides
8. Pedicels 8-30 mm. long, slender, even; petals two to three
times as long as the sepals.
9. Petals zygomorphic at least by position, not spirally recurving
at anthesis. (Fig. 8.)
10. Base of the rosette not thickened; leaves not more than
TS ems TOM pee terete tee eo ciclels vie ee h es 6. P. beycalema
10. Base of the rosette bulbous-thickened ; leaves usually much
more than 15 cm. long.
11. Sepals distinctly carinate............00 7. P. carinata
tr. Sepals ecarinate, (lig, 8.) 5 oa. ene sds 8. P. flammea
9. Petals regular, spirally recurving at anthesis. (Fig. 9.)
12, Rhachis of the inflorescence glabrous; sepals 15-18 mm.
long; petals white to yellow............. 9. P. albiflos
12. Rhachis of the inflorescence furfuraceous; sepals 19-22
mim. ‘lofig’s petals Sedversnet cede cess 10. P. staminea
6. Blades of the larger leaves deciduous along a straight transverse line.
13. Leaves serrate on the reduced blades and on the persistent re-
mainder of the large blades................. 11. P. glaziovii
£3. Leaves ‘all: entire, i... pose eee asses daw o's 12. P. decidua
3. Petals each bearing a single scale at base.
14. Leaf-blades narrow and elongate, never more than 22 mm. wide.
15. Inflorescence compound.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 47
16. Inflorescence lax, its axes glabrous....... 13. P. anthericoides
16. Inflorescence dense, densely pale-flocculose. ........ 14. P. ulei
15. Inflorescence simple.
17. Sepals alate-carinate; leaves dimorphic, the larger ones with
Seremiate MenOlesi Le. at yee 15. P. ensifolia
17. Sepals ecarinate.
18. Scape-bracts all exceeding the internodes; sepals acuminate ;
BBE ANDER MM EATE RS hte Co ah 55's & bd ase’ e/a oseale ele eee 16. P. suaveolens
18. Scape-bracts shorter than the upper internodes; sepals broadly
acute or obtuse.
19. Sepals not more than 15 mm. long; leaf-blades 5-8 mm. wide.
20. Leaves dimorphic, the blades of the larger ones deciduous ;
BOSC ae 5 aac ve si ais a's, Soe alg A 17. P. torresiana
20. Leaves all alike, all persistent; petals white.
18. P. bradei
19. Sepals to 30 mm. long; leaf-blades 11-22 mm. wide.
21. Sepals obtuse; seeds caudate; leaf-blades 16-22 mm. wide.
19. P. subpetiolata
21. Sepals acute; seeds alate; leaf-blades 11 mm. wide.
20. P. platypetala
14. Leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 3.5-18 cm. wide; seeds nar-
rowly winged; species of the Amazon Basin.
22. Leaf-blades entire, broadly rounded and apiculate, to 18 cm. wide;
scape-bracts all much shorter than the internodes.
21. P. undulata
22. Leaf-blades serrulate toward the apex, acuminate, not over 9 cm.
wide; scape-bracts exceeding at least the upper internodes.
22. P. sprucei
2. Fruit indehiscent, pseudocapsular; inflorescence simple; species of the
Amazon Basin. (Figs. 10, 11.)
23. Larger part of the ovary superior. (Fig. 10.)
24. Scape elongate, slender; inflorescence lax; pedicels 20 mm. long.
23. P. uaupensis
24. Scape very short or none; inflorescence dense; pedicels not more
PETER 2 NITES STE a c.s «os won ole cas aieaementeany 24. P. aphelandriflora
23. Larger part or all of the ovary inferior. (Fig. 11.)
25. Ovary in small part superior; pedicels evident, slender.
26. Leaf-blades distinctly petiolate, 25-30 mm. wide, reddish-lepidote
beneath; inflorescence subdensely many-flowered; pedicels 15-40
mm. long; sepals 22-26 mm. long........... 25. P. amazonica
26. Leaf-blades only slightly narrowed at base, 6-13 mm. wide, pale-
lepidote beneath; inflorescence laxly few-flowered; pedicels 5-
10 mm. long; sepals 15 mm. long........... 26. P. caricifolia
25. Ovary wholly inferior; pedicels almost wholly lacking.
27. P. anomala
1. Pitcairnia maidifolia (C. Morr.) Dene. ex Planch. Fl. des Serres 9: I5I,
pl. 915. 1854.
Puya maidifolia C. Morr. Ann. Soc. Agr. Bot. Gand 5: 453, pl. 289. 1849.
Puya funckiana Linden, Catal. 5:2. 1850.
Pitcairnia funckiana A. Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 19: 337. 1851.
48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Pitcairnia macrocalyx Hook. Bot. Mag. 79: pl. 4705. 1853.
Pitcairnia zeifolia C. Koch & Sellow ex C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol.
1854. App.: 11. 1855.
Pitcairnia oerstediana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 448. 1896.
BraziIL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
BritisH GuIANA: Kaieteur, Maguire & Fanshawe 23411 (GH, NY).
Aso: CENTRAL AMERICA, COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA.
2. Pitcairnia nuda Baker, Journ. Bot. 19: 269. 1881.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
British GUIANA: Rupununi River, Appun 1582 (K, type, GH neg. 1389).
Kanuku Mountains, A. C. Smith 3644 (GH, NY, US).
SurINAM: Tafelberg, Maguire 24460 (GH, NY).
3. Pitcairnia patentiflora L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 18, pl. 1,
fig. 4. 1939.
Amazonas: Rio Igana, Serra de Tunui, Black 48-2815 (IAN, US).
Aso: COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA.
4. Pitcairnia lancifolia Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 447. 1804.
Ee SEOAIS SE tin LOU: «,. a-alsie em eraee muita cies Coke 62s Var. a. lancifolia
oe SSETALS 24 Tritit: TONE:: </avcpraretatnretb ete imete wie ioe «-diesais. « eiclaie apace Var. b. minor
4a. Pitcairnia lancifolia var. lancifolia.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Glaziow 3628 (BR, type).
4b. Pitcairnia lancifolia var. minor L. B. Smith, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de
Janeiro nov. ser. No. 15:4. 1952.
Rio DE JANEIRO: TeresOpolis, Sampaio 2444 (R, US neg. 3397).
Distrito FEDERAL: Serra da Tijuca, Brade (R, 46830, type, US neg. 3395).
5. Pitcairnia encholirioides L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro
10: 146, pl. 2, fig. 6. 1950.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Mun. Santa Maria Madalena: Pedra das Flores, Santos
Lima & Brade 13249 (RB, type, US neg. 4203).
6. Pitcairnia beycalema Beer, Bromel. 63. 1857.
Pitcairnia muscosa sensu Hook. Bot. Mag. 80: fl. 4770. 1854. Not Mart.
Brazit: Described from cultivated material of unknown origin, Hb. Kunth
(B, F neg. 11350).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Macaé, Riedel 865 in part (! Mez). Old road up the Serra
to Petropolis, Smith & Mus. R 6493 (R, US).
7. Pitcairnia carinata Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 448. 1894.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Glasiou 13256 (B, type, F neg. 11352). Mun.
Santa Maria Madalena: Serra da Furquilha, Santos Lima & Brade 14180
(RB).
8. Pitcairnia fammea Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1092. 1827.
1. Leaves covered beneath with spreading scales, mostly 20-36 mm. wide.
2. Axis of the inflorescence glabrous, usually turning black on drying.
Var. a. fammea
2. Axis of the inflorescence lepidote, usually remaining pale.
Var. b. roezlii
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 49
1. Leaves glabrous or, if lepidote, always less than 20 mm. wide; inflorescence
remaining pale.
3. Axis of the inflorescence glabrous; leaves glabrous.
4. Inflorescence lax, few-flowered................. Var. c. corcovadensis
4. Inflorescence dense, at least toward the apex, many-flowered.
eet GANS Ca liesatcimiats ela tcklela. a! svc, sin! ex's. 0) alan ¢ o:dare ee omens Var. d. glabrior
Sa tas MeN ORM ISI MUTE Cd Ais eho wise d’si's-« vie esse tlelstamanmiate Var. e. pallida
3. Axis of the inflorescence lepidote......5......s00eeees Var. f. floccosa
8a. Pitcairnia fammea var. fammea. Ficure 8.
? Tillandsia laevis Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 133. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 126, 1835.
Not Pitcairnia laevis Willd. 1830.
? Pitcairnia fulgens Poit. Rev. Hortic. 3:157. Jan. 1836; Mez in DC.
Monogr. Phan. 9: 430. 1896.
Pitcairnia morelii Lem. Hort. Univ. 7: 231, pl. 1846.
Pitcairnia laevis Beer, Bromel. 60. 1857. Not Willd. 1830.
Pitcairnia roezli sensu Baker, Bot. Mag. 117: pl. 7175. 1801. Not E.
Morr.
c
Fic. 7. Fic. 8.
Fic. 7.—Deuterocohnia meziana: a, Habit (after M. B. Foster), X 1/40;
b, flower, X1; c, sepal, 1; d, petal and stamen, X I.
Fic. 8.—Pitcairnia flammea var. flammea: a, Habit, 1/10; b, flower (after
Botanical Register), X %; c, sepal, & 1; d, petal, <I.
Brazit: Cultivated (K, basis of “Pitcairnia roeslit’ in Bot. Mag. pl. 7175).
Cultivated, “Rivage” (G, basis of citation of Pitcairnia fulgens Poit. in
DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 430).
Espirito SANTO: Cuibica, Foster 894 (GH). Domingos Martins, Foster 233
(GH).
50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Rio pE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade 17171 (RB); Luiz 20 (RB); Foster 127
(GH); L. B. Smith 2311 (GH). Japuiba, Hoehne & Gehrt (SP). (Ju-
turnaiba) Passarelli 105 (R); 112 (R). Nova Friburgo, Lutz 1339 (R).
Serra dos Orgaos, Gardner 5896 (BM); Miers 2856 (BM); 4078 (BM).
Petropolis, Goés & Constantino 23 (RB); Pabst 10080 (Pabst). Teres6-
polis, Bailey 1292 (BH, GH); 1301 (BH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cultivated in England, Harrison (CGE, type). Recreio dos
Bandeirantes, Lutz 902 in part (R). Monte do Cochrane, L. B. Smith 1410
(GH). Pedra Dois Irmiaos, Rose & Russell 20242 (NY, US). Chacara do
Fonseca, Occhioni (RB). Pedra da Gavea, Frazéo (RB); Reitz 4030
(HBR); Smith & Mus. R 6427 (R, US). Praia do Leblon, Hoehne (SP).
Paineiras, Serra da Carioca, Pabst 10085 (Pabst). Avenida Niemeier,
Freire & Vidal (R). Tijuca, L. B. Smith 2130 (GH); Ule 4692 in part
(R). Restinga da Tijuca, Machado (RB).
SAo Pauto: Santos, Mosén 3246 (S). Ubatuba, Santos, Edwall (SP).
8b. Pitcairnia fammea var. roezlii (E. Morr.) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot.
Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: III. 1943.
Pitcairnia roezlii E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 35: 285, pls. 18, 19. 1885.
Pitcairnia hypoleuca Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 458. 1804.
Brazi_: Freyreis (S). Cultivated in Liége, Belgium (LG, type).
Rio pe JANEIRO: Alto da Serra to Meio da Serra, L. B. Smith 2112 (GH).
Meio da Serra, Smith & Brade 2292 (GH). Petropolis, Glaziou 16474 (P,
cotype of Pitcairnia hypoleuca Mez, GH neg. 2065). Old road below Pe-
tropolis, Smith & Mus. R. 6493a (R, US). Mun. Nova Friburgo: Teodoro
de Oliveira to Nova Friburgo, Smith & Mus. R 6680a (R, US).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cachoeira, Siqueira (R). Rio de Janeiro, Widgren (S).
Tijuca, Horta & Brade 14494 (RB).
8c. Pitcairnia fammea var. corcovadensis (Wawra) L. B. Smith, Arquiv.
Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 112. 1943.
Pitcairnia corcovadensis Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 384. 1862.
Rio DE JANEIRO: TeresOpolis, Brade 16295 (RB); Frazdo (RB). Mun. Santa
Maria Madalena: Furquilha, Santos Lima 154 (RB, US neg. 3255).
Distrito FEpERAL: Serra da Carioca, Brade 14380 (RB). Corcovado, Ule 4166
(R); Wawra I-s5o1 (W, type). Pedra da Gavea, Glaziou 12237 (K, GH
neg. 2543); Smith & Mus. R 6429 (R, US). Estrada do Redentor, Oc-
chioni 40 (RB). Rio de Janeiro, Widgren 76 (S).
8d. Pitcairnia Mammea var. glabrior L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo noy. ser. I: I12, 1943.
? Pitcairnia cinnabarina A. Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 18: 202. 1850.
Brazit: Cultivated in Berlin (P, GH neg. 2967).
Minas Gerais: Serra da Caparao, Brade 17127 (RB).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Teresdpolis, Brade 9756 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Tijuca, Glaziou 8021 (B (F neg. 11353), P).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Hoehne (SP, type; GH). Alto dos Marins, Loef-
gren (SP). Itapeva to Campos do Jordao, Eugenio 3444 (GH).
ParAnA: Cadeado, Dusén 8834 (S, US); 11590 (S). Sao Joao, Serra do Mar,
Dusén 7245 (S); 17299 (S, US).
8e. Pitcairnia fammea var. pallida L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sado
Paulo nov. ser. 1: 112, pl. 115. 1943.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 5I
Rio pE JANEIRO: Teresdpolis, Brade 9533 (R); Foster 1015 (GH, type) ;
Sampaio 2903 (R).
8f, Pitcairnia fammea var. floccosa L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. 1: 112. 1943.
Pitcairnia muscosa Mart. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1240. 1830.
Pitcairnia selloana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 100. 1889.
Pitcairnia dietrichiana Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29:15. 1891.
Pitcairnia pruinosa Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:454. 1804. Not
H. B. K. 1816.
Pitcairnia claussenii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 454. 1894.
Pitcairnia weddelliana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 434. 1896. Not
Baker 1889.
Pitcairnia minarum Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 636. 1935.
Brazit: Sellow 1317 (B, type of Pitcairnia selloana Baker, F neg. 11381).
Cultivated, Hort. Petrograd (G).
CearA: Serra do Araripe, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Quixada, Luetzelburg
(! Mez).
Paraisa: Cajazeiras, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Pianco, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Bafa: Central and northeastern parts of the state, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Espiriro Santo: Mun. Castelo: Forno Grande, Brade 19992 (RB, US).
Minas Gerais: Claussen (K, isotype of Pitcairnia claussentti Mez, GH neg.
2573); 286 (BM). Regnell I-439 (S). Weddell 1556 (P, type of Pitcairnia
weddelliana Mez, GH neg. 2079). Serra da Cachoeira do Campo, Glaziou
20524 (B, F neg. 11370). Caeté, Serra da Piedade, Martius 1236 (M, type
of Pitcairnia muscosa Mart.). Serra de Caracol, Mosén 4434 (S).
Rio DE JANEIRO: (Fazenda da Rocinha, Pedra do Rio) Freire & Xavier 652
(R).
Sko Pauto: Atibaia, Foster 480 (GH, US); Ostemayer (SP, type). Pedra
do Bat, Sao Bento do Sapucai, Eugenio 3905 (GH). Braganca Paulista,
Pires (SP, US). Retiro de Laien, Cajurt, Regnell III-1252 (S, US).
Itt, Santos, Hemmendorff 490 (S). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén 2980 (S).
ParanA: Mun. Morretes: Pico Olimpo, Hatschbach 1758 (US).
Santa CATARINA: Morro do Bat, Itajai, Reitz C-2074 (HBR, US); 4596
(HBR); 5174 (! Reitz).
9. Pitcairnia albiflos Herb. Bot. Mag. 53: pl. 2642. 1826.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Niteroi, Glaziou 8023 (P); Foster 105 (GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Regnell (S). Pedra Bonita, Brade 11912 (R). Lagoa
Rodrigo de Freitas, Schwacke (R, US neg. 3304). Corcovado, Apparicio &
Paulo 213 (RB); Widgren 215 (S). Morro da Viuva, Glaziou 3629 (P).
Copacabana, Glaziou 17281 (P). Morro Flamengo, Miers (BM). Gavea,
Guerra (RB); Smith & Mus. R 6428 (R, US). Morro do Grajau, Mello
Filho 545 (R, US).
10. Pitcairnia staminea Lodd. Bot. Cab. 8: fl. 722. 1823. FicuRE 9.
Pitcairnia canaliculata Baker, Handb. Bromel. 99. 1880.
Pitcairnia longicauda Hornem. ex Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 445.
1894.
Pitcairnia albiflos sensu Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: pl. 84. 1894.
Pitcairnia staminea var. longicauda Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 439.
1896.
52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Baia: Salvador to Vitoria, Sellow bromel 41 (P, GH neg. 2968) ; Sellow 942
(BM). (Baia records unverified, probably from Espirito Santo.)
Epiriro SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 232 (GH, R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Jurujuba, Glaziou 8022 (B, F neg. 11373).
Distrito FepERAL: Lay & Collie (BM); Weddell 515 (P). Morro da Babi-
lonia, Hoehne 28 (SP, GH neg. 7162). Morro do Flamengo, Gardner 846
(BM); Miers (BM). Gavea, Frazdo (RB).
11. Pitcairnia glaziovii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 92. 18809.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Glaziou 17282 (K, type (GH neg. 2604),
B (F neg. 11359) ).
12. Pitcairnia decidua L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1: 110, pl. 1174. 1943.
Espirito Santo: Cultivated, Reitz 5676 (HBR). Cuibica, Foster 893 (GH,
type). Itabapoana, Mazzini in Hoehne (SP, US).
Minas Gerais: Araponga, Bailey 1036 (GH).
13. Pitcairnia anthericoides Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 441. 1894.
Distrito FEDERAL: Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 8024 (B, type, F neg. 11347);
Hoehne 140 (SP); Ule (R).
14. Pitcairnia ulei L. B. Smith, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro nov. ser. No.
15:5, pl. 1, figs. h-j. 1952.
GorAs: Corumba, Ule 788 (R, type, US neg. 3389).
15. Pitcairnia ensifolia Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 436, pl. 82. 1894.
GorAs: Serra Dourada, Schott 2037 (W, type); Ule 511 (R, US neg. 3393) ;
Ule 5900-A (R, US neg. 3396).
16. Pitcairnia suaveolens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1069. 1827.
Minas Gerais: Saint-Hilaire B1 2026 (P).
Rio DE JANEIRO: R. Harrison (CGE, type). Serra dos Orgaos, Gardner 5895
(BM, K).
17. Pitcairnia torresiana L. B. Smith, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro nov.
ser. No. 15:4, pl. 1, figs. f, g. 1952.
Marto Grosso: H. Smith (R, type, US neg. 3398). Chapada, Hoehne in Rondon
3552, 3553 (R, US neg. 3392) ; Malme 1474-b (S).
18. Pitcairnia bradei Markgraf, Notizblatt 15: 215. 1940.
Minas Gerais: Montes Claros, Markgraf, Brade & Mello Barreto 3918 (B,
type; photo RB).
19. Pitcairnia subpetiolata Baker, Journ. Bot. 19: 267. 1881.
Pitcairnia caldasiana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 100. 1889.
Pitcairnia burchellu. Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 436. 1804.
Pitcairnia sessiliflora Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 457. 1907.
AMAZONAS: Xavier 245 (US).
Minas Gerats: Sabara, Hoehne in Rondon 6914 (R). Belo Horizonte, Sampaio
7153 (R). Caldas, Regnell III-1253 (S, US). Lagoa Santa, Warming 2174
(C, F neg. 22330). Mun. Ituiutaba: Carmo, Macedo 3215 (US).
GorAs: Cavalcante to Conceicio, Burchell 8116 (K, type of Pitcairnia burchel-
lit Mez, GH neg. 2569).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 53
Mato Grosso: Ponte de Pedra, Hoehne in Rondon 2138 (R). Camizao, Foster
1077 (GH). Campo Grande, Foster 1096 (GH).
Atso: Pert, Botivia.
20. Pitcairnia platypetala Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 438. 18904.
BraziL: Peters (LE, type).
21. Pitcairnia undulata Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 10: 275. 1842.
Amazonas (?): Cultivated, E. Morren (LG); Barry (GH).
22. Pitcairnia sprucei Baker, Journ. Bot. 19: 303. 1881.
Amazonas: Manaus, Spruce 1653 (K, type (GH neg. 2568), BR); Black
47-1150a (IAN, US); Ducke (MG); Krukoff 9123 (NY); Schwacke
4009 (! Mez); Ule (! Mez). Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Krukoff 9026 (NY).
Aso: PERU.
Pre.70; Fic. 10.
Fic. 9.—Pitcairnia staminea: a, Habit (after Botanical Cabinet), > 1/40;
b, apex of leaf, X14; c, inflorescence, X 1%. (b and c, after Botanical
Magazine. )
Fic. 10.—Pitcairnia uaupensis: a, Flower, X %; b, flower with fruit, * 4;
c, sepal, X 1; d, petal, X 1; e, seed, X 5.
23. Pitcairnia uaupensis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 93. 1889. FicurRE 10.
Amazonas: Foster 1134 (GH). Rio Uaupés, Spruce 2667 (K, type, GH neg.
2567). Camanaus, Rio Negro, Luetzelburg in Rondon 22654 (M). Rio
Igana, Leutselburg in Rondon 22512 (M); 22751 (R); 22782 (M, R).
Rio Aiari, Cururu, Luetzelburg in Rondon 22533 (R). Sao Gabriel, Rio
Negro, Pires 787 (IAN); Schultes & Lépez 8788 (US). Rio Curicuriari,
Schultes & Lépez 8861 (US); 8032 (US). Sao Felipe, Rio Negro,
Schultes & Lépez 9504 (US). Manaus, Corner 24 (IAN).
Aso: CoLomBIA.
54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
24. Pitcairnia aphelandriflora Lem. Ill. Hortic. 16: Misc. 90. 1869.
Pepinia aphelandriflora André, Ill. Hortic. 17: 32, pl. 5. 1870.
Brazi_: Probable, but not yet recorded.
Pert: Loreto: Rio Pumayacu (Balsapuerto), Sandeman 136 (K).
25. Pitcairnia amazonica Baker, Handb. Bromel. 117. 1880.
Amazonas: Serra Dimiti, basin of the upper Rio Negro, Schultes & Lépez
10009 (US).
Aso: VENEZUELA.
26. Pitcairnia caricifolia Mart. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1242. 1830. Fic-
URE II.
Pitcairnia kegeliana Schlecht. Linnaea 24: 664. 1851.
Pitcairnia pauciflora Baker, Journ. Bot. 19: 230. 1881.
Pitcairnia subjuncta Baker, Handb. Bromel. 116. 1880.
Amazonas: Rio Amazonas, Martius (M, type, F neg. 18759). (Cachoeira
Caranguejo) Rio Cauaburi, Holt & Blake 425 (GH, NY, US).
ParA: Rio Jaramacari, Ducke (RB).
Atso: CoLtomBia, VENEZUELA, GUIANA.
27. Pitcairnia anomala Hoehne in Comm. Linh. Telegr. Estrat. Matto-Grosso
[Publ. 47], Annexo 5, Bot. pt. 9:9, pl. 161. 1919.
ParA: Capipi Mission, Rio Cururu, Hoehne in Rondon 5151 (R, type).
Mato Grosso: Rio Juruena above Salto Augusto, Hoehne in Rondon 5081 (R,
US neg. 3390, 3391).
8. Brocchinia Schult. f.
Brocchinia Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixx, 1250. 1830.
Colombia and Venezuela.
1. Petals without a claw; filaments free or nearly so; ovary wholly inferior.
2. Axes of the inflorescence straight; leaf-blades only nerved, not reticulate;
primary bracts subfoliaceous, to 18 cm. long............6.. 1. B. tatei
2. Axes of the inflorescence geniculate ; leaf-blades reticulate; primary bracts
broadly ovate, small; scape-bracts small, remote.
3. Scape about 3 mm. in diameter; leaves few, erect. (Fig. 12.)
2. B. reducta
3. Scape stouter; leaves many, spreading............. 3. B. hechtioides
1. Petals with a distinct claw; filaments of the second series much connate
with the petals; ovary to one-fourth superior.
4. Inflorescence (including the ovaries) glabrous......... 4. B. micrantha
4. Inflorescence (including the ovaries) lepidote.......... 5. B. paniculata
1. Brocchinia tatei L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 161: 20, pl. 4, fig. 1. 1946.
Brocchinia cordylinoides sensu im Thurn ex N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn.
Soc. Bot. IL. 2: 256, 269. 1887.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
VENEZUELA: Mount Roraima, Tate 514 (NY, type).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 55
2. Brocchinia reducta Baker, Journ. Bot. 20: 331. 1882. FIGURE 12.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
BritisH GuIANA: Kaieteur, Jenman 873 (K, type, GH neg. 1395); Maguire &
Fanshawe 23198 (GH, NY).
3. Brocchinia hechtioides Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 414. 1913.
Rio Branco: Campo below Roraima, Ule 8561 (B, type, F neg. 11329).
ALso: VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA.
HirGs dees
Fic. 11.—Pitcairnia caricifolia: a, Apex of leaf, X %; b, inflorescence, KX %;
c, sepal, X 1; d, petal, X 1; e, seed, X 5.
Fic. 12—Brocchinia reducta: a, Habit, X 1/20; b, flower, X 1; c, perianth and
stamens, X 5; d, fruit, X I.
4. Brocchinia micrantha (Baker) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 464. 1894.
Cordyline micrantha Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 14, pt. 2: 243, fig. 47.
1880.
Brocchinia cordylinoides Baker, Journ. Bot. 20: 330. 1882.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
British Guiana: Kaieteur, im Thurn (K, type, GH neg. 1399); Maguire &
Fanshawe 23300 (NY, US).
5. Brocchinia paniculata Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1250. 1830.
Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded.
Cotompia: Serra de Araracoara, Martius (M, type; F neg. 8632).
56 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
9. Dyckia Schult. f.
Dyckia Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixv, 1194. 1830.
Chiefly native of the dry open campos of Brazil with outlying species
in Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina.
1. Pedicels 20 mm. long or more, much exceeding the floral bracts; leaves over
I m. long, repand-serrate with teeth 4 mm. long....... 1. D. pedicellata 1
1. Pedicels much less than 20 mm. long.
2. Inflorescence densely ferruginous-lepidote, amply tripinnate ; leaves lepidote
on both sides; floral bracts not more than 3 mm. long, much exceeded
by ‘the ‘sepals*.; icuckince eet ast aiein ne ov acs shales oad 2. D. tomentosa }
2. Inflorescence not densely ferruginous-lepidote or else either less than
tripinnate or the leaves glabrous above or the floral bracts more than
3 mm. long.
3. Filaments free above the common tube formed by the petals and stamens
together. (Fig. 15.) To p. 50.
4. Floral bracts not more than 3 mm. long, exceeding the pedicels; in-
florescence ample, 2-3-pinnate; sepals 5 mm. long or less.
5. Leaves densely lepidote; inflorescence completely glabrous; flowers
dimorphic; Sepats: Apteiiatetce cas ere sels snc ge vio eels 3. D. selloa
5. Leaves nearly glabrous on both sides; inflorescence densely tomen-
tose-lepidote ; flowers all perfect; sepals acute.... 4. D. maritima
4. Floral bracts much more than 3 mm. long, or shorter than the pedicels
(Dyckia orobanchoides) ; inflorescence simple or bipinnate.
6. Stamens distinctly exceeding the petals; floral bracts exceeding
the pedicels.
7. Floral bracts broadly ovate or suborbicular, apiculate.
8. Racemes dense; sepals 3-4 mm. long; style nearly the same
leneth as’ the vavaryes cect see se si tes 5. D. microcalyx
8. Racemes lax; sepals 6-10 mm. long; style much shorter than
the ovary... (Rigs 4b cease cacsvies 6. D. leptostachya
7. Floral bracts ovate, acuminate; inflorescence simple, few-flowered ;
sepals 6—7; tut: Lone 22 arieinieis eis inn'e oe spaiees 7. D. tenuis
6. Stamens equaling the petals or shorter, or the floral bracts shorter
than the pedicels.
9. Sepals acute, subacute, or apiculate. To p. 58.
10. Inflorescence densely ferruginous-tomentose or ferruginous-
lanate, simple to much branched; scape-bracts serrulate.
11. Margins of the sepals obscured by the dense lanate indument;
petals barely exceeding the 15-mm.-long sepals; floral
bracts entire; leaf-blades glabrous, the spines 3 mm. long.
8. D. ursina
11. Margins of the sepals clearly visible; petals greatly exceed-
ing the 8 mm. long sepals; floral bracts serrulate; leaf-
blades lepidote beneath, the spines 3-5 mm. long. (Fig. 15.)
9. D. encholirioides
10. Inflorescence pale-lepidote or pale-villous or glabrous; usually
simple.
1 Dyckia pedicellata and D. tomentosa are known from fruiting material only, thus necessi-
tating the artificial treatment given above. It is not even wholly certain that they belong
to the genus Dyckia.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 57
12. Scape-bracts all with linear blades; leaves entire or sub-
entire, over 40 cm. long; flowers few, 9 mm. long, half as
long as the internodes................. 10. D. burchellii
12, Scape-bracts diverse, the upper ones bladeless; leaves serru-
late, 7-30 cm. long; flowers usually numerous, much more
than half as long as the internodes.
13. Floral bracts apiculate or abruptly acute; flowers 11-24
mm. long.
14. Inflorescence compound; pedicels 3 mm. long, exceeding
the floral bracts; sepals 7 mm. long, fimbriate, to-
PHPTONSY se pos s vole ase ous 11. D. orobanchoides
14. Inflorescence simple; pedicels either shorter than the
floral bracts or over 3 mm. long.
15. Pedicels about 8 mm. long ; inflorescence 2-3-flowered ;
sepals narrow, 8 mm. long; petals erect, ecarinate,
MB AAG 5 6 oo. sr5's ccchenpard Ho, caspemre « 12. D. biflora
15. Pedicels much less than 8 mm. long; inflorescence
more than 3-flowered; sepals broad, 8-12 mm. long;
petals more or less spreading and carinate.
16. Upper scape-bracts shorter than the internodes.
13. D. remotiflora
16. Upper scape-bracts equaling or exceeding the inter-
nodes.
17. Axis of the inflorescence lepidote; inflorescence
many-flowered. ............- 14. D. vaginosa
17. Axis of the inflorescence white-villous; inflores-
cence few-flowered..... 15. D. choristaminea
13. Floral bracts acuminate; flowers never more than 12 mm.
long.
18. Upper scape-bracts equaling or exceeding the internodes;
lower floral bracts usually exceeding the flowers;
leaf-blades 25-35 mm. wide, short and thick; sepals
Teh GT NOUS... ass oie coc et etiine 16. D. brevifolia
18. Upper scape-bracts shorter than the internodes; lower
floral bracts shorter than the flowers; leaf-blades
10-20 mm. wide.
19. Upper scape-bracts entire; leaves to 12 cm. long.
20. Pedicels not more than 3 mm. long; leaf-blades
serrulate, I cm. wide; sepals 6 mm. long.
17. D. hilaireana
20. Pedicels to 14 mm. long; leaf-blades entire, 2 cm.
wide; sepals 9 mm. long. (Fig. 16.)
18. D. heloisae
19. Upper scape-bracts serrulate; leaves 15-40 cm. long.
21. Style almost as long as the ovary; leaf-blades
covered on both sides with a membrane of coarse
silvery scales; sepals 6 mm. long.
19. D. argentea
21. Style very short; leaf-blades glabrous above; sepals
5-7 (rarely to 9) mm. long. (Fig. 17.)
20. D. tuberosa
58 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
9. Sepals obtuse.
22. Petals ferruginous-tomentulose outside; petal-filament tube
only 0.5 mm. long; styles elongate; plant 1 m. or more high;
leaves repand-serrate with teeth 10 mm. long; inflorescence
simple, dense; sepals 7-8.5 mm. long; petals suberect, ecari-
Mate scl eae PAM we ei aes ab visi bids b.ctetn She 6 21. D. ferruginea
22. Petals completely glabrous; petal-filament tube longer; styles
usually short.
23. Upper scape-bracts equaling or exceeding the internodes.
24. Leaves short and thick, only 6-20 cm. long, but 8-35 mm.
wide; inflorescence simple.
25. Floral bracts entire, narrowly lance-triangular; inflores-
cence soon glabrous; leaf-blades 25-35 mm. wide,
glabrous above; sepals to 8 mm. long.
16. D. brevifolia
25. Floral bracts serrulate, broadly ovate; inflorescence
densely lepidote ; leaf-blades 8-10 mm. wide, cinereous-
lepidote on both sides; sepals 9-10 mm. long.
22. D. simulans
24. Leaves long and narrow, 30-50 cm. long; inflorescence
often compound.
26. Floral bracts to 25 mm. long, the lower ones equaling
or exceeding the flowers; spines of the leaves I-1.5
mm. long.
27. Inflorescence compound or with buds in the axils of
the lower bracts; pedicels short and stout; petal-
blades suborbicular, ecarinate; sepals 7-12 mm. long.
23. D. trichostachya
27. Inflorescence simple; pedicels 5 mm. long; petal-
blades trapeziform, carinate; sepals 9 mm. long.
24. D. eminens
26. Floral bracts not more than 15 mm. long, the lower
ones usually equaling the sepals; spines of the leaves
to 4 mm. long.
28. Inflorescence brown-furfuraceous; leaf-blades to 45
mm. wide; sepals to 10 mm. long.... 25. D. frigida
28. Inflorescence soon glabrous; leaf-blades 17 mm. wide;
SEOUS 7 MAG ane Seer ea b ee sane 26. D. elata
23. Upper scape-bracts shorter than the internodes.
29. Inflorescence covered with a dark ferruginous tomentum,
its axis strongly flexuous; flowers to 18 mm. long;
sepals 8-11 mm. long; petals ecarinate; stigmas sub-
sessile; leaves 5 dm. long, the blades subglabrous on
DOLN SMCs. c en Meee has ene net 27. D. sordida
29. Inflorescence sparsely pale-furfuraceous or glabrous.
30. Upper scape-bracts and floral bracts serrulate.
31. Pedicels short, much exceeded by the floral bracts;
leaves 15-40 cm. long; sepals 5-7 (rarely to 9) mm.
log A Ee Ee, Poa see lsiane aude 20. D. tuberosa
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 59
31. Pedicels 5 mm. long, about equaling the floral bracts;
leaves 6-8 cm. long; sepals 5 mm. long. (Fig. 18.)
28. D. macedoi
30. Upper scape-bracts and floral bracts entire.
32. Pedicels about 7 mm. long; sepals 8 mm. long.
33. Leaves over 40 cm. long; inflorescence many-
BUENA siisa'se ob ortete cues 29. D. linearifolia
33. Leaves 4 cm. long; inflorescence 2-3-flowered.
12. D. biflora
32. Pedicels short and stout.
34. Floral bracts triangular-ovate, acuminate; sepals
6-8 mm. long.
35. Styles very short; leaves to 40 cm. long, the
blades 15 mm. wide, the spines stout, to 6 mm.
POM Sy . trate icles coece mens 30. D. elongata
35. Styles elongate; leaves 14-20 cm. long, the blades
20-35 mm. wide, the spines small and incon-
Spmeiioties f. ys 0d OAR Pee 31. D. distachya
34. Floral bracts broadly ovate to subreniform, apiculate.
36. Sepals 3-4 mm. long; flowers 6-13 mm. long;
Pacemies dense. is isin. Rhee ss 5. D. microcalyx
36. Sepals 6-10 mm. long; flowers 13-23 mm. long;
racemes lax. (Fig. 14.)... 6. D. leptostachya
3. Filaments connate and forming a definite ring above their junction with
the petals. (Fig. 20.)
37. Petals without a distinct claw and blade, narrowly elliptic; leaf-
blades erect, 13-32 cm. long, the spines nearly straight, 2 mm. long;
scape-bracts remote; inflorescence simple, lax; sepals 6-8 mm.
long; filaments wholly connate; stigmas subsessile.
32. D. horridula
37. Petals with a sharp distinction between the narrow claw and broad
blade.
38. Sepals acute or apiculate.
39. Scape-bracts (or the great majority of them) equaling or ex-
ceeding the internodes.
40. Pedicels 15 mm. long, stout; inflorescence much branched;
leaf-blades 3 cm. wide; scape-bracts serrulate; floral bracts
exceeding the sepals; sepals 9-10 mm. long.
33. D. princeps
40. Pedicels much less than 15 mm. long.
41. Leaves equally lepidote on both sides.
42. Sepals 11 mm. long; inflorescence branched or with buds
in the axils of the lower bracts; leaves nearly 50 cm.
long, the blades 30 mm. wide, laxly serrate.
34. D. cinerea
42. Sepals 6 mm. long; inflorescence simple; leaves 9-17 cm.
long, the blades 8-10 mm. wide, repand-serrate.
35. D. fosteriana
41. Leaves much more lepidote on the under side than on the
upper; inflorescence simple.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
43. The leaves only 5-6 cm. long, the spines 3 mm. long;
sepals 7-8 mm. long.
44. Filament-tube continued only 2 mm. above the junction
with the petals; scape-bracts ovate with linear blades,
obscurely serrulate............ 36. D. schwackeana
44. Filaments highly connate above the junction with the
petals; scape-bracts acuminate, densely serrulate.
37. D. densiflora
43. The leaves 17-50 cm. long.
45. Sepals 16 mm. long; inflorescence soon glabrous.
38. D. dusenii
45. Sepals 6-9 mm. long; inflorescence persistently fur-
furaceous.
46. Filaments not connate for more than 2 mm. above the
petal-stamen tube; pedicels to 4 mm. long; sepals
7-9 mm. long; petal-blades suborbicular. (Fig. 19.)
39. D. minarum
46. Filaments high-connate above the petal-stamen tube.
47. Sepals 8-9 mm. long, cucullate; petals 16 mm. long,
their blades rhombic............. 40. D. reitzii
47. Sepals 6 mm. long, mucronulate; petals 12 mm.
long, their blades broadly obovate.
41. D. lagoensis
39. Scape-bracts shorter than the internodes.
48. Flowers subsessile; sepals 4-6 mm. long; filaments high-
connate above the petal-stamen tube.
49. Inflorescence subdense, 4-5 times shorter than the scape;
wing of the ovule narrowly falciform... 42. D. consimilis
49. Inflorescence lax, nearly as long as the scape; wing of the
ovule broadly fasted se. cick ce ais sc se 43. D. rariflora
48. Flowers distinctly pedicellate.
50. Floral bracts and scape-bracts serrulate.
51. Inflorescence subglabrous; lower floral bracts about equal-
ing the 9 mm. long sepals..... 44. D. pseudococcinea
51. Inflorescence furfuraceous; lower floral bracts exceeding
the sepals.
52. Leaves laxly serrate, much more lepidote on the under
side; sepals 7-9 mm. long.......... 39. D. minarum
52. Leaves repand-serrate, equally lepidote on both sides;
Sepals: Gm MORI d «bese aleee ve 35. D. fosteriana
50. Floral bracts and scape-bracts entire; sepals 6-8 mm. long.
53. Filaments short-connate above the petal-stamen tube.
45. D. dissitiflora
53. Filaments almost completely connate... 46. D. warmingii
38. Sepals obtuse.
54. Scape-bracts all exceeding the internodes; filaments connate for
2 mm. above the petal-stamen tube.
55. Sepals 12 mm. long; leaves 50 cm. long; inflorescence branched
or with buds in the axils of the lower bracts.
47. D. bracteata
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 61
55. Sepals not more than 7 mm. long; leaves 6 cm. long; inflores-
Gace Vous casa e .s0il i Bee 36. D. schwackeana
54. Scape-bracts, or at least the upper ones, shorter than the inter-
nodes.
56. Stamens exserted; inflorescence glabrous or subglabrous; fila-
ments high-connate above the petal-stamen tube.
57. Pedicels stout, angled, 2-4 mm. long, 2 to 3 times shorter
than the floral bracts; sepals 5-7 mm. long.
48. D. niederleinii
57. Pedicels slender, 4-5 mm. long, almost as long as the floral
bracts; sepals 8-9 mm. long............ 49. D. lutziana
56. Stamens shorter than the petals; inflorescence usually lepidote.
58. Filaments short-connate above the petal-stamen tube; leaves
15-20 cm. long.
59. Floral bracts acuminate, much exceeding the pedicels;
inflorescence simple; sepals 8 mm. long.
so. D. saxatilis
59. Floral bracts apiculate, barely exceeding the pedicels;
inflorescence usually compound; sepals 6 mm. long.
51. D. maracasensis
58. Filaments high-connate above the petal-stamen tube.
60. Flowers subsessile; stigmas subsessile.
61. Floral bracts to 10 mm. long; leaves 50 cm. long; scape-
PETS LOMEIEEO. Jane ci ass waclnoe ae eee 52. D. uleana
61. Floral bracts not over 5 mm. long; leaves only 5 cm.
long; scape-bracts obscurely serrulate.
42. D. consimilis
60. Flowers distinctly pedicellate; sepals 66.5 mm. long;
leaves 25-40 cm. long.
62. Upper scape-bracts serrulate; pedicels short and stout
but distinct; inflorescence lax..... 53. D. sellowiana
62. Upper scape-bracts entire; style half as long as the
ovary.
63. Floral bracts 9 mm. long, much exceeding the short
pedicels; inflorescence simple or compound. (Fig.
2) i ee eae aye he 54. D. weddelliana
63. Floral bracts 3 mm. long, about half as long as the
pedicels; inflorescence simple.... 55. D. racemosa
1. Dyckia pedicellata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 515. 1806.
Minas Gerats: Serra dos Cristais, Diamantina, Glaziou 19198a (! Mez);
Schwacke 8413 (B, type, F neg. 11444).
Identity with the genus Dyckia is uncertain because of the lack of petals and
stamens.
2. Dyckia tomentosa Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 515. 1806.
Rro GRANDE Do SuL: Sellow Bromel. No. 73 (P, type, GH neg. 3003).
3. Dyckia selloa (C. Koch) Baker, Handb. Bromel. 136. 1880.
Prionophyllum selloum C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1873, App. 4: 7.
1874.
Dyckia grandifolia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 136. 1889.
62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Dyckia macracantha Baker, Handb. Bromel. 137. 1880.
Dyckia myriostachya Baker, Handb. Bromel. 137. 1880.
Rio GRANDE Do SUL: Gaudichaud 276 (P, GH neg. 3008). Rio Pardo to
Cacapava, Sellow 1615 (! Mez).
Atso: Urucuay.
4. Dyckia maritima Baker, Handb. Bromel. 136. 1889. FicuRe 13.
Prionophyllum maritimum Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 542. 18096.
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Ararangua: Peroba, Reitz C-755 (GH, HBR) ; C-909
(GH, HBR, US); 1369 (R). Mun. Itajai: Cabecudas lighthouse, Reitz
(! Reitz).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Tweedie (K, type). Estacao Capela, Eugenio 2640 (GH).
Salvador, Eugenio 2640-b (GH). Torres, Reitz 4427 (HBR); 5000
(! Reitz) ; Smith & Reitz 5824 (R, RB, US). Mun. Sao Leopoldo: Morro
Sapucaia, Eugenio 220 (SP); 2640-a (GH).
5. Dyckia microcalyx Baker, Handb. Bromel. 133. 1880.
Dyckia microcalyx var. inermis Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot.
Genéve 20: 307. IQIQ.
Dyckia microcalyx var. micrantha Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot.
Genéve 20: 308. I9109.
ParANnA: Iguacu, J. G. Kuhlmann (RB).
Mato Grosso: Campo Grande, Foster 1094 (GH).
Aso: PARAGUAY.
6. Dyckia leptostachya Baker, Gard. Chron. 1884, pt. 2: 198. 1884. Ficure 14.
Dyckia conspicua Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 513. 1806.
Dyckia hassleri Mez, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 134. 1903.
Dyckia rojasii Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:67. 1919.
Dyckia apensis Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:69. 1919.
Dyckia longifolia Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 69. 1919.
Dyckia remotiflora var. montevidensis sensu falso, L. B. Smith, Anais Bot.
Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 2:45. 1950.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Ituiutaba: Macedo 11 (US). Campos de Sao Vicente,
Macedo 1286 in part (RB). Ituiutaba, Macedo 1242 (US).
Mato Grosso: Amolar, Rio Paraguai, Hoehne in Rondon 2282 (R). Corumba,
Hoehne in Rondon 3548 (R); 5796 (R, US neg. 3606). Rio Pardo,
Romboust (SP). Mun. Aquidauana: Camizio, Foster 1080 (GH).
ParaAnA: Cultivated, Kew (K, type, GH neg. 2546).
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz 3815 (HBR); 3835
(HBR); 4282 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE vo Sut: Porto Alegre, Eugenio 2258 (GH). Mun. Torres:
Campo Bonito, Reitz 4411 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5846 (R, RB, US).
Aso: Paracuay, ARGENTINA.
7. Dyckia tenuis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 484. 1804.
Dyckia morreniana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 496. 1804.
Dyckia kuntzeana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 523. 1896.
Brazit: Cultivated, Jard. Bot. Liége (LG, type of Dyckia morreniana Mez).
GorAs: Cavalcante to Conceicao, Burchell 7996 (K). Mission de Douro, Gard-
ner 3479 (K, isotype, K neg.).
Mato Grosso: Kuntze (NY, type of Dyckia kuntzeana Mez). Sao Luiz de
Caceres, Jacobina, Hoehne in Rondon 575 (R, US neg. 3602).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 63
8. Dyckia ursina L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 100,
pl. III. 1943.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipé, Foster 636 (GH, type,
US neg. 4053). Serra do Cipd, 5 km. north of Chapeu de Sol, Smith &
Mus. R 6697 (R, US).
9. Dyckia encholirioides (Gaud.) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 507. 1806.
1. Axes of the inflorescence and the sepals yellow..... Var. a. encholirioides
1. Axes of the inflorescence and the sepals red................. Var. b. rubra
Fic. 13. Breas
Fic. 13.—Dyckia maritima: a, Habit; b, apex of leaf, X %4; c, branch of
inflorescence, X 14; d, flower, X 2; e, sepal, X 2; f, petals and stamens, X 2;
g, pistil, X 2.
Fic. 14.—Dyckia leptostachya: a, Section of leaf, X %; b, scape and inflo-
rescence, X %4; c, flower, X 1; d, sepal XI; e, pistil XI.
ga. Dyckia encholirioides var. encholirioides. Ficure 15.
Garrelia encholirioides Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 175. 1851.
Dyckia catharinensis C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1873, App. 4: 4.
1874.
? Dyckia catharinensis var. dentata Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 17.
1891.
BraziL: Coast, Tweedie 795 (K) ; 796 (K).
SAo Pauto: Ilha Comprida, Iguapé, Lofgren & Edwall (SP).
ParaNnA: Mun. Guaratuba: Morro de Brajatiba, Frenzel (Inst. Biol. Pesq.
Tec.). Guaratuba, Reitz 4247 (HBR); Stellfeld (Paran.). Mun. Para-
nagua: Caioba, Foster 435 (GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP); Tessmann
(Paran., US). Matinhos, Hatschbach 2725 (US).
64 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Araquari: Itajuba, Reitz 3682 (! Reitz); 3806
(! Reitz). Mun. Florianopolis: Ilha de Santa Catarina: Gaudichaud 130
(P, type, GH neg. 2993). Armacao do Sul, Rohr 654 (LIL). Canavieiras,
Reitz 4264 (HBR). Mun. Itajai: Cabecudas, Reitz (HBR); 3682-a
(HBR, US). Mun. Sao Francisco do Sul: Itapema, Hoehne (GH, SP).
Praia Grande, Reitz 3837 (! Reitz). Mun. Sao José: Mainland opposite
Desterro [Florianopolis], Schenk 456 (1! Mez, type of Dyckia catharinensis
var. dentata Wittm.).
Rro GRANDE DO Sut: Sellow (R).
gb. Dyckia encholirioides var. rubra (Wittm.) Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb.
Barbosa Rodrigues 3: 108. 1951.
Dyckia rubra Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29:16. 1801.
SANTA Catarina: Laguna, Reitz 4027 (HBR); Reitz & Klein 47 (HBR);
Smith & Reitz 5970 (US). Mun. Florianopolis: Desterro [Florianopolis],
Ilha de Santa Catarina, Schenk 619 (? herb., type). Mun. Imarui: Vila
Nova to Mirim, Rettz 3700 (HBR). Mun. Palhoca: Campo de Massiambu,
Reitz & Klein 974 (! Reitz). Paulo Lopes, Reitz & Klein 38 (HBR).
to. Dyckia burchellii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 131. 1880.
GorAs: Between Conceicéo and Natividade, Burchell 8178 (K, type; BR).
11. Dyckia orobanchoides Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 475. 1804.
Brazit: Tamberlik (W, type).
12. Dyckia biflora Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 486. 1894.
Minas Gerats: Serra do Cipd, Glaziou 19919 (B, type, F. neg. 11428);
Schwacke 8410 (! Mez). Mun. Diamantina: Guinda, Mello Barreto 9519
(R).
13. Dyckia remotiflora Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 1: 129. 1833.
1. Floral bracts and upper scape-bracts with broad apiculate summits.
2. Sepals cucullate, 8-10 mm. long; petals 17-23 mm. long.
Var. a. remotifiora
2. Sepals nearly or quite straight, 6-8 mm. long; petals 11-17 mm. long.
Var. b. montevidensis
1. Floral bracts and upper scape-bracts acuminate.......... Var. c. angustior
13a. Dyckia remotiflora var. remotiffora.
Dyckia rariflora sensu Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1782. 1836. Not Schult.
f. 1830.
Dyckia rariflora var. “D. remottflora” Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1889.
Dyckia rariflora var. cunninghami Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1889.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Ituiutaba: Sao Vicente, Macedo 1286 in part (SP).
SAo Pauto: Araraquara, Loefgren (SP). Piragununga, Rachi-d (SP, inflores-
cence with one lateral branch).
Parand: Miers 2518 (BM).
Aso: Urucuay, ARGENTINA.
13b. Dyckia remotiflora var. montevidensis (C. Koch) L. B. Smith, Arquiv.
Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 108. 1943.
Dyckia montevidensis C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1873, App.: 4.
1874.
Dyckia rariflora var. “D. montevidensis” Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1889.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 65
Dyckia rariflora var. montevidensis Baker ex Hauman & Vanderveken,
An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 29: 239. I917.
Brazit: Sellow Bromel. 43 (P); 46 (US); 48 (P); 53 (P); 57 (P).
Rro GRANDE Do Sut: Gaudichaud 278 (P). Rio Irapua, east of Cacapava,
Sellow 3247 (B, F neg. 11442). Serra dos Tapes, Cascata, Lindman A-935
(S). Pérto Alegre, Eugenio 130 (R) ; 218 (SP) ; 2490 (GH) ; Jiirgens 356
(US); Palacios & Cuezzo 656 (LIL).
Aso: Urucuay, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
13c. Dyckia remotiflora var. angustior L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado
Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 108. 10943.
Brazit: Cultivated at Berlin, Hennings (B, F neg. 11425).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Salto Alegre, Bornmueller 351 (GH, type).
14. Dyckia vaginosa Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 490. 1804.
Dyckia rariflora sensu Graham, Bot. Mag. 62: fl. 3449. 1835. Not
Schult. £. 1830.
SAo Pauto: Serra do Picu, Glaziou 15497 (B, type, F neg. 11453).
Rio GRANDE Do Sut: Sellow Bromel. 305 (R).
Atso: URuGuay.
Possibly not more than a variety of Dyckia remotiflora Otto & Dietr.
15. Dyckia choristaminea Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:71. 1910.
Rio GRANDE vO SUL: Cultivated in Berlin, Malme (B, type). Porto Alegre,
Lindman A-439 (S); Eugenio 2249 (GH); Rambo (Anchieta, US).
16. Dyckia brevifolia Baker in Saund. Ref. Bot. 4: pl. 236. 1871.
Dyckia sulphurea C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1873, App. 4: 3.
1874.
Dyckia princeps Hort. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 493. 1804. In
part, not Lem. 1853.
Dyckia gemellaria E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 494. 1804.
Brazi_: Cultivated, Atkinson 29 (GH); 30 (GH); Bailey (BH); Hennings
(B, F neg. 11450); E. Morren (LG, type of Dyckia gemellaria E. Morr.,
GH neg. 2830).
Minas Gerais: Saint-Hilaire (! Mez).
Distrito FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, cultivated ?, Glaziou 331 (! Mez).
Sho Pauto: Sao Paulo, Glaziou 15406 (K, GH neg. 2544).
SANTA CaTARINA: Blumenau, F. Mueller (! Mez). Salto, Blumenau, Reitz
3707 (HBR, US). Rio Itajai Acu, Encano to Indaial, Reitz 3988 (HBR,
US).
17. Dyckia hilaireana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 530. 1806.
Minas Gerais: Saint-Hilaire 924 (P, type, GH neg. 3011). Serra do Cipo,
A. P. Duarte 2135 (RB, US neg. 3348).
18. Dyckia heloisae L. B. Smith, p. 26, fig. 16.
Minas Gerats: Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipd, 5 km. north of Chapeu
de Sol, L. B. Smith & Mus. R 6608 (US, type, R).
19. Dyckia argentea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 492. 1894.
Minas Gerats: Sao Joao del Rei, Glaziou 17279 in part (C ! Mez); 17280a
(B, type, F neg. 11427).
66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
20. Dyckia tuberosa (Vell.) Beer, Bromel. 157. 1857.
1. Floral bracts shorter than the flowers and usually shorter than the sepals,
lance-trianigular,!c. 55.4 Wee bhi selec sc tle thw PCE Var. a. tuberosa
1. Floral bracts exceeding the lowest flowers, narrowly triangular.
Var. b. deltoidea
20a. Dyckia tuberosa var. tuberosa. Ficure 17.
Tillandsia tuberosa Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 135. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 136.
1835.
Dyckia coccinea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 491. 1894.
Minas Gerais: Carmo do Rio Claro, Mello Filho 628 (R). Mun. Ouro Preto:
Casa Branca, Williams 8121 (GH).
Fic. 15. Fic. 16.
Fic. 15.—Dyckia encholirioides var. encholirioides: a, Leaf-blade, & 1/10; b, in-
florescence, X 1/10; c, flower, X 1; d, sepal, X 1; e, petals and stamens, 1.
Fic. 16.—Dyckia heloisae: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, flower and capsule, & 1;
c, seed, X 2.
SAo Pauto: Atibaia, Foster 348 (GH). Campinas, Viegas (GH, IAC);
Viegas & Lima (IAC). Campo Grande, Edwall (SP). Itirapina, Toledo &
Gehrt (GH, SP). Santo Amaro, Krieger 182 (SP). Sao José dos Campos,
Loefgren (S). Serra da Cunha, Kuhlmann & Gehrt (GH, SP). Mun.
Sao Paulo: Bosque da Saude, Brade 5926 (S). Ipiranga, Luederwaldt
(SP, GH neg. 7166); Hoehne (GH, SP). Jabaquara, Brade (SP). Sao
Paulo, Sellow E-23 (B, type of Dyckia coccinea Mez, F neg. 11430);
Pickel 5479 (US); Tamandaré 196 (RB). Vila Ema, Brade (GH, SP).
Vila Mariana, Usteri (SP).
ParaNA: Morungava, Dusén 16522 (S). Turma 23, Jonsson in Dusén 1323a
(S). Mun. Palmeira: Rio do Salto, Hatschbach 2620 (US).
SANTA CaTARINA: Curitibanos, Reitz 4673 (HBR).
At first glance it seems inconsistent to associate a Vellozo name with a
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 67
species that has not been recorded from the state of Rio de Janeiro. However,
Vellozo collected around Pharmacépolis (now Parati) so that the collection of
Kuhlmann and Gehrt from the Serra da Cunha in Sao Paulo could be a topotype.
2ob. Dyckia tuberosa var. deltoidea (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, Arquiv.
Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 2: 119. 1950.
Dyckia coccinea var. deltoidea L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. 1: 107. 1043.
ParANA: Jaguariaiva, Dusén 10373 (BM, K, NY, S); 17357 (GH, type; S).
21. Dyckia ferruginea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 533. 1806.
Mato Grosso: Jacobina, Kuntze (NY, type). Mun. Aquidauana: Camizao,
Foster 1082 (GH, US).
22. Dyckia simulans L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1: 108, pl. TIO. 1943.
Minas Gerais: Pico da Piedade, Belo Horizonte, Foster 570 (GH, type, US
neg. 4055).
23. Dyckia trichostachya Baker, Handb. Bromel. 133. 1880.
Dyckia micracantha Baker, Handb. Bromel. 135. 1880.
Minas Gerais: Sellow Bromel. 59 (P, type, GH neg. 3002) ; Sellow 1097 (B,
type of Dyckia micracantha Baker, F neg. 11452). Itacolomi, Lauro (R).
My
Fic. 17. Fic. 18.
Fic. 17.—Dyckia tuberosa var. tuberosa: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, flower, X 1;
c, sepal, X1; d, petals and stamens, X 1; @, pistil, <1.
Fic. 18.—Dyckia macedoi: a, Leaf-blade, 1; b, inflorescence, X 1;
c, petals and stamens, X 2; d, pistil, X 2.
68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
24. Dyckia eminens Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67:5. 1901.
GorAs: Glaziou 22192a (B, type).
Not verified. Characters dubious because the original description is self-
contradictory. According to the measurements the lower floral bracts exceed
the flowers.
25. Dyckia frigida (Linden) Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 103: pl. 6294. 1877.
Pourretia frigida Linden, Catal. No. 8:31. 1853.
BraziL: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG type collection?).
ParanA: Ponta Grossa, Dusén (S). Vila Velha, Dusén 2801 (R); 4059 (R);
14936 (S); 15829 (S); Foster 417 (GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP, US).
26. Dyckia elata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 508. 1806.
Minas Gerats: Serra de Antonio Pereira, Schwacke 8739 (B, type, F neg.
11432).
27. Dyckia sordida Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1880.
Minas Gerats: Itambé, Saint-Hilaire 402 (P, type, GH neg. 3004). Serra do
Cipd, Duarte 2106 (RB, US neg. 3350); Foster 623 (G, US).
28. Dyckia macedoi L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
2:195. 1952. Ficure 18.
Minas Gerats: Lagoa Santa, Pires & Black 2887 (IAN). Mun. Conceicgao
do Mato Dentro: Serra do Cipd, Macedo 2974 (US, type, US neg. 3651).
29. Dyckia linearifolia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 131. 1880.
Minas Gerats: Saint-Hilaire 1010 (P, type, GH neg. 3010).
30. Dyckia elongata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 529. 1806.
Brazit: Sellow 58 (P, GH neg. 2989).
Bafa: Milagres to Maracas, Foster 2439 (US).
31. Dyckia distachya Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genéve 20: 308.
Feb. 1919.
Dyckia distachya forma induta Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot.
Genéve 20: 309. Feb. 1910.
Dyckia interrupta Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 70. Nov. 1919.
Santa CAtTartnA: Mun. Concordia: Estreito do Uruguai, Reitz 3818-a
(HBR, US).
ALso: PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
32. Dyckia horridula Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67:5. 1901.
GorAs: Near Goias, Burchell 6791 (K). Rio Descoberto, near Capelinha,
Glaziou 22194 (B, type (F neg. 11435), K).
Marto Grosso: Siao Jeronimo, Lindman 2707b (S). Serra das Araras, Lind-
man 2707¢c (S).
33. Dyckia princeps Lem. Jard. Fleur. 3: pls. 224, 225. 1853.
Dyckia altissima sensu Baker, Handb. Bromel. 134. 1889. In part, not
Lindl.
Minas GERAIS: Described from material cultivated in Brussels. Apparently
no specimens preserved.
34. Dyckia cinerea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 469. 1804.
BrAzIL: Glaziou 18570 (B, type (F neg. 11429), K).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 69
35. Dyckia fosteriana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1: 107, pl. 106. 1943.
ParanA: Mun. Campo Largo: Serra Sao Luiz de Puruna, Foster 1154 (GH,
type, US neg. 4098) ; 2526 (US) ; Hatschbach 1567 (US).
By error the type locality was given originally as “Santa Catarina.”
36. Dyckia schwackeana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 478. 1804.
Minas Gerais: Pico de Itabira do Campo, Glaziou 18572 (B, F neg. 11448) ;
Schwacke (R); Schwacke 5857 (B, type).
37. Dyckia densiflora Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1194. 1830.
Minas Gerats: Morro da Vila Rica (near Ouro Preto), Martius (M, type).
Not verified but see Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: pl. 90, fig. 2.
38. Dyckia dusenii L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98:6, pl. 2. 1032.
ParaANnA: Porto Amazonas, Dusén 18081 (S, type). Serrinha, Dusén 8686,
8996 (S). Tamandaré, Jonsson ex Dusén 1029a (GH, S).
39. Dyckia minarum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 483, pl. 91. 1804.
FIGURE 109.
BraziL: Sellow Bromel. 46 (P); 55 (P); 56 (P); Weir (K); Widgren (S).
Espiriro SANTO: Serra da Caparao, Mexia 4082-a (UC).
Minas Gerais: Claussen 148 (P); Mosén 4443 (S). Barbacena, Glaziou
18571 (K). Belo Horizonte, Hoehne (SP). Serra do Curral, Belo Hori-
zonte, Foster 675 (GH). Serra de Rola Moga, Belo Horizonte, Foster 530
(GH). Nova Lima to Belo Horizonte, Mello Barreto 4909 (R). Caldas,
Regnell I1-283 (S, US); IlI-529 (S). Serra de Caparao, Brade 16983
(RB, US). Serra Sao José [Joao] del Rei, Glaziou 17279 (K). Sao Joao
del Rei, Lindman A-55 (S); A-57 (S); A-50 (S); A-50%4 (S); A-61
(S) ; A-614 (S). Serra de Lenheiro, Glaziou 17280 (K). Serra da Piedade,
Hoehne 6428 (R). Mun. Baipendi: Sao Tome das Letras, Brade &
Apparicio 20479 (RB).
Gords (?): Glaziou 22192-a (K).
SAo Pauto: Pedra Grande, Atibaia, Gehri (SP).
SANTA CaTARINA: Campo Alegre, Reitz 3765 (HBR) ; 3912 (HBR).
40. Dyckia reitzii L. B. Smith, Anais. Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 2: 14,
pls. I-3. 1950.
Santa CaTARINA: Campo dos Padres, Reitz 2690 (US, type (US neg. 3516),
HBR).
41. Dyckia lagoensis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 483. 1804.
Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, Warming 2171 (C, type, F neg. 22328).
42. Dyckia consimilis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 479, pl. 90. 1804.
Minas Gerais: Weddell 1407 (P, type, GH neg. 2991). Pico de Itabira do
Campo, Glaziou & Schwacke 17822 (P); Palacios, Balegno & Cuezzo 3891
(LIL, US neg. 3310).
43. Dyckia rariflora Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1195. 1830.
Mrnas Gerais: Handro (SP). Ouro Preto to Sorocaba (Sao Paulo), Martius
(M, type, F neg. 8631). Serra de Ouro Preto, Ule (R, US neg. 3603) ;
2434 (! Mez). Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipd, Chapeu de Sol, Smith
& Mus. R 7065 (US).
70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
'
44. Dyckia pseudococcinea L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo
nov. ser. 1: 108, pl. 100, fig. I. 1043.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Foster 1144 (GH, type, US neg. 4054).
SAo Pauto: Atibaia, Foster 348 in part (R).
45. Dyckia dissitiflora Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1194. 1830.
Praui: Serra do Brejo, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Fic. 19.—Dyckia minarum: a, Section of inflorescence (After Flora Brasil-
iensis), X1; b, sepal, X1; c, petals and stamens, <1; d, pistil, X1; e,
seed, X 5.
Fic. 20.—Dyckia weddelliana: a, Habit, 1/20; b, section of leaf, X1;
c, flower, X 1; d, petals and stamens, <1; ¢, pistil, * 2.
Baia: Joazeiro, Rio Sao Francisco, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Serra da Lapa,
Rio Sao Francisco, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Sincora, Martius (M, type,
F neg. 8630).
Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, Warming 21712 (! Mez).
46. Dyckia warmingii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 481. 1894.
Minas Gerats: Lagoa Santa, Hoehne ex Rondon 6363 (R, old specimen, de-
termination uncertain) ; Warming (C, type, F neg. 22329).
Macbride’s photograph indicates that some large bracts from some genus other
than Dyckia are mixed with the type.
47. Dyckia bracteata (Wittm.) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:.470. 1894.
Dyckia dissitiflora var. bracteata Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 16.
1891.
Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco, Schenck 3510 (LZ, type).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 71
48. Dyckia niederleinii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:.474. 1804.
Dyckia missionum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:.477. 1804.
Dyckia missionum var. breviflora Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot.
Genéve 20: 316. I9Q109.
Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded.
ARGENTINA: Sierra de Santa Ana, Territorio de Misiones, Niederlein 229 in
part (B, type, F neg. 11443); Niederlein 229 in part (B, type of Dyckia
missionum Mez, F neg. 11441).
49. Dyckia lutziana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sdo Paulo nov. ser.
1: 107, pl. 107. 1943.
Brazit: Foster 1144b (GH, type, US neg. 4099).
50. Dyckia saxatilis Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 518. 1806.
Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Mello Barreto 4085 (R). Serra da Cachoeira
do Campo, Schwacke 8948 (B, type, F neg. 11447).
Mato Grosso: Chapada, Hoehne in Rondon 4545-4550 (R). Arica, Cabeca de
Boi (near Cuiaba), Hoehne in Rondon 3545-3547 (R, US neg. 3601).
51. Dyckia maracasensis Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 197. 1908.
Baia: Maracas, Foster 2459 (US); Ule 7019 (B, type, F neg. 11439).
52. Dyckia uleana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 517. 1806.
GorAs: Mossamedes, Ule 510 (R, US neg. 3604); Ule 3134 (Type. In hb.
Taubert according to Mez, in Manaus according to Ule).
53. Dyckia sellowiana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 520. 1896.
Rio GRANDE Do Sut (?): Sellow Bromel. 52 (P, type, GH neg. 3005).
54. Dyckia weddelliana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1889. FiGuRE 20.
Brazit: Weddell 2584 (P, type, GH neg. 3001).
Minas GertAs: Mun. Ituiutaba: Santa Terezinha, Macedo 1673 (US); 2200
(US).
55. Dyckia racemosa Baker, Handb. Bromel. 132. 1889.
GorAs: Arraias, Gardner 4015 (K, type, K neg.).
1o. Navia Mart. ex Schult. f.
Navia Mart. ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixv, 1195. 1830. The
name proposed for conservation, cf. Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sado Paulo n.
ser, 2: 197. 1952.
Mountains and hills along the northern rim of the Amazon Basin in
Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, and Surinam.
1. Inflorescence elongate, interrupted.................000 1. N. caulescens
1. Inflorescence densely capitate or glomerate.
2. Scape present, slender, covered by the subentire leaves; sepals 10 mm. long;
PMANSTSOMOW. ic Peia's 600s cirains dics o.ade sida ed emanate 2. N. myriantha
2. Scape lacking; inflorescence sessile in the center of the terminal leaves.
3. Sepals 50 mm. long; leaves entire with blades 23 mm. wide; petals
fone-pirples Cig. Shi) isid. evs ovcwbidsias dete ew sed wel. 3. N. lopezii
3. Sepals 4-19 mm. long; leaves serrulate with blades 6-15 mm. wide.
4. Inflorescence subglobose; leaf-blades flat, uniform.
72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
5. Leaf-blades 6 mm. wide; sepals 4 mm. long......... 4. N. acaulis
5. Leaf-blades 15 mm. wide; sepals 19 mm. long... 5. N. angustifolia
4. Inflorescence subdigitate from numerous short spikes; leaf-blades
with crisped margins and strongly marked median channel; sepals
8: mm, long, 222i ee ere deter et bore ieee 6. N. crispa
1. NW. caulescens Mart. ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1195. 1830.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
CoLtompia: Serra de Araracoara, Martius (M, type). Cerro de Cupati, middle
Rio Japura, Ducke (MG, US) ; Schultes 5859 (US).
2. Navia myriantha L. B. Smith ex R. E. Schultes, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
15:41. IQ5I.
Amazonas: Serra Dimiti, upper Rio Negro, R. E. Schultes & F. Lépez 9055
(US, type).
3. Navia lopezii L. B. Smith ex R. E. Schultes, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
15:40. 19051. FIGURE 21.
Amazonas: Serra Dimiti, upper Rio Negro, R. E. Schultes & F. Lépez 9956
(US, type).
Atso: VENEZUELA.
4. Navia acaulis Mart. ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1196. 1830.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
CoLtompia: Serra de Araracoara, upper Rio Japura, Martius (M, type).
5. Navia angustifolia (Baker) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 553. 1806.
Cryptanthus angustifolius Baker, Handb. Bromel. 15. 1880.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
BritisH GuiaANA: Marima (Maringma), Appun 1055 (K, type, GH neg. 1373).
6. Navia crispa L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 378, pl. 1, figs. I-3. 1953.
Amazonas: Rocky ground at foot of serra, Tunui, Rio Igana, Pires 725 (IAN,
US).
ALSO: VENEZUELA.
11. Tillandsia L.
Tillandsia L. Sp. Pl. 286. 1753.
Southeastern United States to northern Argentina and Chile.
1. Stamens equaling the petals or shorter.
2. Sepals symmetric, or if slightly asymmetric then ovate or lanceolate and
broadest below the middle.
3. Stamens appearing in the throat of the corolla; style slender, much
longer than the ovary.
4. Filaments straight; flowers distichous in all Brazilian species. (Fig.
23.)
5. Stamens only a little shorter than the narrow suberect entire petal-
blades!’ 4 20.) 22 Seb etter cates baele Subgenus Allardtia
6. Inflorescence 3 dm. long or more, laxly paniculate; species of
northern and northwestern Brazil.
7. Leaf-blades ligulate, broadly acute; spikes not over 9 cm. long;
floral bracts imbricate, carinate, 2 cm. long..... 1. T. duidae
no. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 73
7. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, acuminate; spikes elongate.
8. Floral bracts imbricate, 2 cm. long; spikes to 15 cm. long in
the Brazilian variety of the species........ 2. T. elongata
8. Floral bracts not imbricate, much less than twice the length
of the internodes, 5 cm. long; lateral spikes to 55 cm. long.
ent ee We, MIN Cie, SUT See 3. T. adpressiflora
6. Inflorescence less than 3 dm. long, densely to laxly paniculate or
simple; floral bracts imbricate.
9. Inflorescences numerous in the leaf-axils, always simple; leaf-
blades ligulate, broadly acute or subobtuse; floral bracts
imbricate, exceeding the 10-15 mm. long sepals.
4. T. complanata
9. Inflorescence single, terminal, simple or compound; leaf-blades
narrowly triangular, acuminate.
10. Primary bracts conspicuous, the lower ones nearly or quite
equaling the axillary spikes; inflorescence very dense;
leaf-blades 30-40 mm. wide; floral bracts carinate; sepals
18-20 m. long, much connate posteriorly... 5. T. turneri
10. Primary bracts much shorter than the axillary spikes or
else the inflorescence simple; leaf-blades 5-20 mm. wide.
11. Leaves covered with conspicuous spreading scales especially
along the margins; floral bracts 20-25 mm. long, nearly
or quite glabrous, ecarinate......... 6. T. lorentziana
11. Leaves covered with appressed or subappressed scales;
floral bracts 11-20 mm. long, usually densely lepidote.
12. Plant stemless; inflorescence compound, fan-shaped
with all the spikes in one plane; leaf-blades 6-20 mm.
wide; floral bracts ecarinate. (Fig. 23.)
i 7. T. didisticha
12. Plant with a stem up to 14 cm. long; inflorescence
simple; leaf-blades 5 mm. wide.......... 8. T. dura
5. Stamens barely exceeding the claws of the petals; petal-blades
spreading, broad, crenate-serrate; inflorescence simple; sepals to
42 mm. long in the Brazilian species......... Subgenus Aérobia
9. T. xiphioides
4. Filaments more or less transversely plicate or widened toward their
apices; inflorescence dense, often simple with the flowers in more
than 2 ranks; leaf-blades narrowly triangular or sometimes linear.
OPER AAA OSY) U5 Chews cove sacs ete anes Subgenus Anoplophytum
13. Inflorescence compound; flowers in 2 ranks on the spikes.
14. Floral bracts densely imbricate and concealing the rhachis, ex-
ceeding the 10-14 mm. long sepals; leaf-blades narrowly tri-
angular, 15-20 mm. wide, coarsely cinereous-lepidote.
10. T. gardneri
14. Floral bracts separate and disclosing almost the whole rhachis.
15. Leaf-scales coarse, spreading; leaves 9 cm. long, 10-15 mm.
wide, without a distinct sheath; sepals 16 mm. long, the
posterior ones connate for 10 mm..... 11. T. brachyphylla
15. Leaf-scales appressed; leaves about 10-20 cm. long; sepals
12-15 mm. long, the posterior ones short-connate.
74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 126
16. Leaf-sheaths not distinct from the narrowly triangular
blades; floral bracts shorter than the sepals. (Fig. 24.)
12. T. geminiflora
16. Leaf-sheaths distinct from the linear blades; floral bracts
about equaling the sepals................ 13. T. globosa
13. Inflorescence simple; flowers usually in more than 2 ranks (only
2 in varieties of T. pulchella and T. stricta).
17. Sepals free or equally short-connate; plants generally stemless
or short-caulescent (sometimes long-caulescent in T. pohliana).
18. Sepals glabrous, lanceolate or lance-ovate.
19. Leaves covered with coarse spreading scales, 3-4 cm. long.
14. T. sprengeliana
19. Leaves covered with appressed scales, 6-18 cm. long.
20. Scape very short, hidden by the leaves ; leaves rigid, curved
and often secund, acuminate but subpungent.
15. T. rosea
20. Scape evident; leaves flexible, not much curved, filiform-
ACUMAMIALS TCE 1 ARS. Dove bale old's EWie- vale wa 0's 16. T. stricta
18. Sepals lepidote.
21. The sepals coriaceous, thick, suborbicular... 17. T. pohliana
21. The sepals membranaceous; lance-ovate.
18. T. meridionalis
17. Sepals much more highly connate posteriorly than anteriorly;
plants in general strongly caulescent.
22. Leaf-blades slender (about 20 times as long as wide), or if
robust then strongly secund, rather flexible; inflorescence
few-flowered ; petals white to pale blue.
23. Scape exceeding the short stout strongly secund leaves;
petals to GO Mimi WOH. i sce s ee cece 19. T, araujei
23. Scape usually shorter than the slender leaves; petals not
OVEF20.dnit TIGHE real. (aisein. ee ee 20. T. pulchella
22. Leaf-blades stouter (about Io times as long as wide), scarcely
if at all secund, 5-13 mm. wide, rigid; inflorescence 5-20-
flowered; petals usually dark blue, 17-27 mm. long.
21. T. aéranthos
3. Stamens deeply included; style short and stout; leaf-blades narrowly
triangular or linear in the Brazilian species. (Figs. 27, 28.)
24. Petal-blades broad, conspicuous; sepals 10-30 mm. long in the Bra-
zilian species ( Pigt 27.) . <0sceeene ee wee Subgenus Phytarrhiza
25. Scape completely covered by its bracts; leaves in more than 2 ranks.
26. Floral bracts 20-40 mm. long; inflorescence simple; plant stem-
less.
27. Flowers imbricate at and after anthesis.
28. Floral bracts coriaceous, glabrous, to 4 cm. long; inflores-
cence elliptic, 55 mm. wide; leaf-sheaths red-striate; leaf-
blades 7-12 mm. wide. (Fig. 26.)........ 22. T. anceps
28. Floral bracts membranaceous, lepidote, about 2 cm. long;
inflorescence narrowly lanceolate, 6-10 mm. wide; leaf-
sheaths concolorous; leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide.
23. T. linearis
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 75
27. Flowers spreading, not imbricate at anthesis; floral bracts
coriaceous or subcoriaceous, 17 mm. long; rhachis alate-
ha: iene: rn ie ile Naas acthskimish ork cl 24. T. monadelpha
26. Floral bracts not more than 12 mm. long; inflorescence usually
compound; plant usually caulescent.
29. Leaf-scales subappressed; leaf-blades stout, spirally twisted;
inflorescence much branched......... 25. T. decomposita
29. Leaf-scales spreading ; leaf-blades slender, usually twisted only
near their apices; inflorescence few-branched or even simple.
TT 1 RR RNC Re I 8 26. T. streptocarpa
25. Scape naked or with 1 or 2 bracts which cover only a small part
of it; leaves in 2 ranks.
30. Petals bright yellow; floral bracts to 20 mm. long, about equal-
ing the sepals; leaf-blades 2-5 mm. in diameter, covered with
Narrow: retronsé, scales. ¢....:40:5 waked serene oo vas Sick. eacata
30. Petals blue or purple; floral bracts 9 mm. long, much shorter
than the sepals; leaf-blades 1-1.5 mm. in diameter, covered
with broad subappressed scales; sepals 12.5 mm. long (dis-
tinction from T. recurvata in fruit)..... 28. T. mallemontii
24. Petal-blades narrow and inconspicuous; sepals 6-9 mm. long in the
Brazilian species; inflorescence almost always simple; small plants
with the appearance of coarse mosses. (Fig. 28.)
Subgenus Diaphoranthema
31. Leaves in many ranks; scape evident, covered with bracts.
32. Spike lax with a geniculate axis, to 4 cm. long and 16-flowered ;
leaves 2-4 Guo longi. i PUR. 29. T. loliacea
32. Spike dense with a straight axis, not more than 17 mm. long,
I-5-flowered; leaves 1 cm. long or rarely to 2 cm.
30. T. tricholepis
31. Leaves in 2 ranks; scape largely naked or else absent.
33. Stem usually shorter than the leaves and always covered by them;
scape terminal, always evident; sepals not more than 9 mm.
long (distinction from T. mallemontii in fruit).
31. T. recurvata
33. Stem to 8 m. long, exposed between the leaves; scape almost
none ; flowers solitary on short pseudo-axillary branches. (Fig.
Bare. tas oe a eee 32. T. usneoides
2. Sepals asymmetric, nearly or quite free, broadest near the apex, not over
9 mm. long in the Brazilian species; inflorescence laxly bipinnate in the
Peramiiiam species: 227 fee eh cae ed Subgenus Pseudo-Catopsis
34. Leaf-blades ligulate, rounded at the apex, usually with dark irregular
cross-bands; floral bracts equaling the sepals; spikes dense.
33. T. triticea
34. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, acuminate, concolorous; floral bracts
usually shorter than the sepals; spikes lax.
35. Flowers erect or ascending ; spikes erect; scape decurved ; leaf-blades
eee UTE 1S, BO, )i« » «05, FZ ecala seein 34. T. aéris-incola
35. Flowers spreading; spikes spreading to reflexed; species of northern
Brazil.
76 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
36. Scape-bracts much shorter than the internodes; primary bracts
very short; leaf-blades 6 mm. wide........... 35. T. jenmanii
36. Scape-bracts about equaling the internodes; primary bracts about
half as long as the spikes; leaf-blades to 20 mm. wide.
36. T. caribaea
1. Stamens longer than the petals, exserted; leaf-blades narrowly triangular
or linear in the Brazilian species..............e000- Subgenus Tillandsia
37. Leaf-sheaths nearly flat, their apices widely separated from the scape;
floral bracts coriaceous or subcoriaceous.
38. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, 10-30 mm. wide at the base; leaf-
sheaths broad; floral bracts nearly or quite glabrous.
39. Spikes not more than 12 mm. wide; leaf-sheaths the same color as
the blades except for their extreme bases which are pale-ferrugi-
nous; inflorescence usually compound......... 37. T. polystachia
39. Spikes to 4 cm. wide; leaf-sheaths dark castaneous at least toward
the base.
40. Floral bracts pale, coriaceous, even or slightly nerved; sepals
lanceolate, acute, connate posteriorly; inflorescence often com-
POW, 6. a.0,0:5/5 ete ie Ie tn NTS, ANGI 38. T. fasciculata
40. Floral bracts blackening when dry, probably fleshy in life; sepals
elliptic, obtuse, free; inflorescence simple. .... 39. T. kegeliana
38. Leaf-blades linear-subulate, very narrow; leaf-sheaths narrow; floral
bracts densely lepidote at least when young; sepals connate poste-
riorly.
41. Inflorescence usually shorter than the leaves, when simple its flowers
in 2 ranks, when compound lax at least toward the base.
40. T. tenuifolia
41. Inflorescence usually equaling or exceeding the leaves, when simple
its flowers in more than 2 ranks, when compound very dense with
its bracts :fmassed Bclowhibw). saeae otifaws te <at~ ave's 41. T. juncea
37. Leaf-sheaths inflated and forming a pseudo-bulb, their apices enclosing
the scape or the base of the inflorescence; floral bracts subcoriaceous
to subchartaceous.
42. Upper scape-bracts merely apiculate; leaf-blades only curved; sepals
free, ecarinate; petals red. (Fig. 30.)............ 42. T. paraénsis
42. Upper scape-bracts, or lacking an evident scape the lowest primary
bracts, with long foliaceous blades; leaf-blades contorted; sepals
more or less connate posteriorly; petals blue or purple.
43. Leaves covered with minute appressed scales; scape short but evi-
dent; inflorescence simple or digitate; spikes lanceolate; floral
bracts..10=85. srt. lOne aids thee dedaeniy's « ata poid- wy 43. T. bulbosa
43. Leaves covered with coarse spreading scales; scape not evident;
inflorescence usually simple; spikes broad; floral bracts 20-26 mm.
(0s) ee ee a ee 44. T. pruinosa
Subgenus Allardtia (A. Dietr.) Baker
1. Tillandsia duidae L. B. Smith, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 340, pl. 26,
fig. 3 (1-4). 10931.
BraziIL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
VENEZUELA: Mount Roraima, Steyermark 58908 (F, GH).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 77
2. Tillandsia elongata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:203. 1816.
1. Spikes to 40-flowered, very long and slender............. Var. a. elongata
1, Spikes to 20-flowered, 15 cm. long, 12 mm. wide...... Var. b. subimbricata
2a. Tillandsia elongata var. elongata.
Not recorded in or near Brazil.
Fic. 21.—Navia lopesii: a, Habit, < 1/10; b, sepals, 1; c, diagram
of imbrication of sepals.
Fic. 22.—Tillandsia adpressiflora: a, Habit, X 1/40; b, section of spike,
X13'c, sepal, <1; d, seed XT.
2b. Tillandsia elongata var. subimbricata (Baker) L. B. Smith, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci. 43:68. 1053.
Tillandsia subimbricata Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 304. 1887.
Tillandsia orthorhachis Mez & C. F. Baker, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30:
435. 1903.
Rio Branco: Isla do Ajarani, J. G. Kuhlmann 391 (RB).
Aso: México (Yucatan), NicarAcuA, PANAMA, CuBA, JAMAICA, TRINIDAD,
CoLoMBIA.
3. Tillandsia adpressiflora Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 661. 1806. Ficure
22.
Amazonas: Rio Jurua-Mirim, Ule 5618 (B (F neg. 11473), GH).
ALso: SURINAM, VENEZUELA, PERU.
4. Tillandsia complanata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulphur 173. 1846.
Rio Branco: Mount Roraima, Ule 8560 (MG, K).
Atso: Costa Rica and the West Inpies to Bottvia and British GUIANA.
78 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
5. Tillandsia turneri Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 144. May 1888.
Tillandsia rhodocincta Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 143. May 1888.
Tillandsia cornuaulti André, Enum. Bromél. 8. Dec. 1888.
Guzmania cornuaulti André ex Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 925. 1896.
Tillandsia multifolia Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 420. 1913.
Thecophyllum cornuaulit Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 423. 1935.
Rio Branco: Mount Roraima, Ule 8558 (B, type of Tillandsia multifolia Mez
(F neg. 11515), K).
Atso: British GUIANA, VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA,
6. Tillandsia lorentziana Griseb. Pl. Lorentz. in Goett. Abh. 19: 271. 1874.
Mato Grosso: Urucum, near Corumba, Foster 1159 (GH).
ParaANA: Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Dusén 2756 (R); 2810 (S); 7624
(S); 9528 (S); Foster 412 (GH, R); M. Kuhlmann (SP); Paech 5680
(HBR).
Rio GRANDE pO SUL: Quari, Jarau, Rambo (LIL). Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio
2211 (GH); Rambo (LIL).
Atso: Paracuay, Borivia, ARGENTINA.
4. Tillandsia didisticha (E. Morr.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 26:16, 1888. Ficure
23.
Anoplophytum didistichum E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 31: 164. 1881.
Tillandsia oranensis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 173. 1880.
Tillandsia crassifolia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 174. 1889.
Tillandsia goyazensis Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67: 11. 1901.
Guszmania complanata Wittm. Mededell. Rijks Herb. 29:92. 1916.
GorAs: Serra da Arruda, near Pireneos, Glaziou 22196 (K, isotype of Tillandsia
goyazensis Mez, GH neg. 2726).
Mato Grosso: Hoehne (SP). Corumba, Foster 1056 (GH). Sao Luiz de
Caceres, Hoehne in Rondon 556 (R).
8. Tillandsia dura Baker, Handb. Bromel. 168. 1880.
Distrito FeperAL: Morro do Archer, Brade & Duarte 18576 (RB). Serra da
Carioca, L. B. Smith 1280 (BM, F, GH, K, US). Tijuca, Glaziou 11689
(P) ; 16460 (K, type (GH neg. 2633), US); L. B. Smith 2126 (B, GH, S).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Smith & King 1933 (GH). Ribeirao Pires, Edzwall
(GH, SP). Sao Paulo, Krieger 176 (SP). Sao Vicente, Santos, Mosén
3716 (S).
SANTA CaTARINA: Pildes, Palhoca, Reitz 4259 (HBR, US); L. B. Smith 6207
(R, US) ; 6215a (R, RB, US).
Subgenus Aérobia Mez
9. Tillandsia xiphioides Ker, Bot. Reg. 2: pl. 105. 1816.
Rio GRANDE pO SuL-SANTA CaTARINA: Boundary near Colonia Sao Pedro,
A. R. Schultz 767 (US).
Aso: Urucuay, Paracuay, ARGENTINA, BoLIiviA.
Subgenus Anoplophytum (Beer) Baker
10. Tillandsia gardneri Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28: sub pl. 63. 1842.
Tillandsia fluminensis Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 591. 1804.
Tillandsia regnellii Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 592, pl. ro. 1804.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 79
Tillandsia cambuquirensis A. Silveira, Floralia Montium 2:27, pl. 11,
fig. 2. 1931.
Tillandsia venusta A. Silveira, Floralia Montium 2:29, pl. 12. 1931.
Praui: Southern part of state, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
CearA: Alemdo e Cysneiros 1526 in part (R). Serra do Araripe, Luetzelburg
(! Mez). Barra da Santa Rosa, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Paraisa: Campina Grande to Caruaru (in Pernambuco), Foster 2423 (US).
Bafa: Agua Preta, Foster 66 (GH). Bom Jesus do Rio de Contas, Luetzel-
burg (! Mez). Jacobina, Foster 1o1 (GH, R). Paramirim, Luetzelburg
(1! Mez).
Espirito SANTO: (Bananal) Viana Freire 49 (R).
Minas Gerats: Belo Horizonte, Foster 531 (GH). Caldas, Mosén 3989 (S);
Regnell III-1798 (S, US isotypes of Tillandsia regnellii Mez). Passo
Quatro, Rio Retiro, Brade & Silva Araujo 19071 (RB). Mun. Nova Lima:
Lagoa Grande, Williams & Assis 5790 (GH). Fazenda de Mutuda, Melo
Barreto 4910 (R). Mun. Santa Barbara: Caraca, Foster 687 (GH).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Campos, Sampaio 2913 (R); 8502 in part (R). Soberbo to
Guapi, L. B. Smith 1534 (GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Gavea, Reitz 4777 (! Reitz). Praia de Grumari, near
Guaratiba, Smith & Mus. R 6535 (US, sterile). Jacarepagua, Ule 4050 (R).
Recreio de Bandeirantes, Lutz 615 (GH). Rio de Janeiro, Andersson (S);
Gardner 134 (K, type, GH neg. 2725); Widgren (S). Tijuca, Lindman
A-45 (S). Restinga da Tijuca, Machado (RB).
SAo Pavuto: Caraguatatuba, Hoehne & Gehrt (SP). Itirapina, Gehrt (GH,
SP). Santos, Mosén 3717 (S). Sao Vicente, L. B. Smith 2095 (B, GH, S).
ParaANnA: Jacarei, Dusén 15405 (S).
SAnTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Reitz 4059 (HBR). Canto Grande, Porto Belo,
Reitz 3627 (HBR); 3657 (HBR). Itajai, Reitz 4050 (HBR). Corupa,
Jaragua do Sul, Reitz 4038 (HBR). Sombrio, Ararangua, Reitz C-465
(GH, US).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Mun. Torres: Campo Bonito, Reitz 4424 (HBR).
Aso: TRINIDAD, VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA.
11. Tillandsia brachyphylla Baker, Journ. Bot. 26:16. 1888.
Anoplophytum binotii E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 200. 1880,
nomen in synonymy.
Brazit: Binot (K, Morren Icones, type of Anoplophytum binotii E. Morr.).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Moura (R, US neg. 4200).
Distrito FEpERAL: Gavea, Frazéo Armando (RB, US); Glaziou 8018 (K,
type, US neg. 3078) ; Smith & Mus. R 6431 (R, US).
12. Tillandsia geminiflora Brongn. in Duperrey Voy. Coquille 186. 18209.
1. Scales of the leaves closely appressed............see0. Var. a. geminiflora
R secanee Gitne leaves SPreadIng,... as « « aed sis oda eine wamtiactele Var. b. incana
12a. Tillandsia geminiflora Brongn. var. geminiflora. FIcuRE 24.
Espiriro Santo: (Bananal), Viana Freire 46 (R).
Minas Gerais: Caldas, Mosén 1945 (S); 4438 (S); Regnell I-282-a (S,
US); I-282-b (S, US). Sao Miguel, Mexia 5239-a (GH, US). Mun.
Conceigao do Mato Dentro: Serra do Cipd, Foster 616 (GH). Mun. Santa
Barbara: Caraca, Foster 717 (GH).
80 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Mato Grosso: Rio Jaurt, Hoehne in Rondon 889 (R); 928 (R); 929 (R);
930 (R). Palmeiras, Lindman A-2605 (S).
Rro bE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Lutz 1015 (R). Petropolis, Foster 38 (GH).
Petrépolis to Raiz da Serra, L. B. Smith 1328 (GH). Teresdpolis, Duarte
& Pereira (RB).
Distrito FEDERAL: Morro do Archer, Brade & Duarte 18577 (RB). Represa
de Camorim, Peckolt, Freire & Sampaio (R). Corcovado, Lindman A-41
(S); LZ. B. Smith 1262 (B, BA, BM, F, GH, K, S, US). Jacarepagua,
Hoehne (SP). Pico do Papagaio, Mello Filho & Dansereau 375 (R).
Tijuca, Lindman A-47 (S); A-51 (S). Vista Chineza, Saldanha et al. (R).
Fic. 23. Fic. 24.
Fic. 23.—Tillandsia didisticha: a, Inflorescence, X %; b, sepal, X 1;
c, petal and stamen, X I.
Fic. 24.—Tillandsia geminiflora var. geminiflora: a, Habit, X %; b, primary
bract and spike, <1; c, sepal, X 1; d, petal and stamen, XI.
Saio Pauto: Alto da Serra, Gehrt (SP). Atibaia, Duarte (SP). Campinas,
Campos Novaes 1203 (US); Viegas (SP). Campos do Jordao, Hoehne
(SP). Serra de Caracol, Mosén 1732 (S). Itt, Russel (SP). Santo
Amaro, Krieger 175 (SP). (Socorro), Viegas & Zagato (IAC). Soro-
caba, Santos, Mosén 2984 (S); 3804 (S). Mun. Sao Paulo: Handro (SP).
Butantan, Hoehne (GH, SP). Cidade Jardim, Krug (SP); Smith &
Kuhlmann 1813 (GH). Ipiranga, Luederwaldt (SP). Jardim Botanico,
Handro 364 (SP). Pirajussara, Gehrt (GH, SP).
ParANA: Curitiba, Foster 437-F (GH). Guaratuba, Reitz 4240 (HBR).
Jaguariaiva, Dusén 10787 (S); 13243 (S); 15528 (GH, S, US). Porto
de Cima, Dusén 8447 (S). Saquarema, Stellfeld 4261 (US). Mun. Ponta
Grossa: Vila Velha, Foster 424 (GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 81
Santa CATARINA: D’Urville (P, type, GH neg. 3033). Serra do Mirador,
Taio, Reitz 3965 (HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Meleiro, Reitz C-57 (HBR) ;
C-59 (GH, HBR). Sombrio, Reitz C-750 (GH, HBR, US) ; C-760 (HBR,
US); 1509 (R). Mun. Brusque: Azambuja, Reitz 3028 (HBR, US);
3653 (HBR); 3683 (HBR); 3684 (HBR). Brusque, Smith & Reitz 5765
(US). Mun. Chapec6d: Dionisio Cerqueira, Reitz 4285 (HBR). Mun.
Itajai: Praia Braba, Reitz 2306 (HBR). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa,
Seidel 35 (HBR). Mun. Palhoga: Campo de Massiambu, Reitz 1034
(! Reitz) ; 4939 (! Reitz).
Rio GRANDE Do Sut: Pareci Novo, Sehnem 1448 (LIL). Porto Alegre, Lind-
man A-503 (S); Rambo (LIL). Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 119 (R); 1805
(GH). Mun. Torres: Campo Bonito, Reitz 4415 (HBR).
Atso: Paracuay, Urucuay, ARGENTINA.
12b. Tillandsia geminiflora var. incana (Wawra) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras.
3, Pt. 3:505. 1804.
Tillandsia incana Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 223. 1880.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Wawra II-508 (W, type).
Atso: Urucuay (! Mez).
13. Tillandsia globosa Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 222. 1880.
1. Inflorescence not more than bipinnate; spikes 2-3-flowered.
Var. a. globosa
1. Inflorescence tripinnate; some of the spikes 4-flowered....... Var. b. major
13a. Tillandsia globosa var. globosa.
ParaAisa: Ipanargna, Foster 2415 (US).
Baia: Blanchet 1466 (S).
Espirito SANTO: Saint-Hilaire B?-II-284 (P). Mun. Cachoeira do Itapemirim:
Foster 162 (GH). Vargem Alta, Foster 906 (GH).
Rio bE JANEIRO: Entre Rios, Wawra 142-b (W, type); 142-c (W). Maua,
Ule 4067 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud 360 (P); Wilkes Expedition
(GH, US). Tijuca, Lindman A-259 (S).
Sado Pauto: Braganca Paulista, Pires (SP, US). Cubatao, L. B. Smith 2036
(GH). Sado Sebastiio, Handro 365 (SP, US). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén
2983 (S).
ALso: VENEZUELA.
13b. Tillandsia globosa var. major L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. 1: 114. 1943.
SAio Pauto: Rio Quilombo, near Santos, Doering (SP, type).
14. Tillandsia sprengeliana K1. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 506. 1804.
Tillandsia brachyphylla Baker, Handb. Bromel. 200. 1889. In part, not
as to type.
Braziu: Freyreis (S).
Espirito SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 503 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Saint-Hilaire B? 106 (B, type).
15. Tillandsia rosea Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1357. 1830.
Anoplophytum roseum (Lindl.) Beer, Bromel. 40. 1857.
Tillandsia recurvifolia Hook. Bot. Mag. 87: pl. 5246. 1861.
82 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Tillandsia langsdorffii Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:598. 1804.
Tillandsia pulchella var. rosea (Lindl.) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:
603. 1804.
BraziL: Cultivated in England (type, not preserved).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Langsdorff (LE, type of Tillandsia langsdorffii Mez). Tere-
sopolis, Brade & Pereira 20062 (RB, US).
16. Tillandsia stricta Soland. Bot. Mag. 37: pl. 1529. 1813.
tT, Flowero polpsmenoecs. cater et foe des o> sca sine dé bed ecene Var. a. stricta
Z., Blowers Gistichous 0) eee ee at Oe wens cece ee ae Var. b. disticha
16a. Tillandsia stricta var. stricta. FIcuRE 25.
Anoplophytum strictum var. krameri André, Rev. Hortic. 60: 350. 1888.
Tillandsia krameri Baker, Handb. Bromel. 197. 1880.
Tillandsia meridionalis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 197. 1889. In part, not
as to type.
Tillandsia stricta var. krameri Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 600. 1804.
Brazit: Arduino 10 (LINN, GH neg. 2642); Widgren 1079 (S); cultivated
(LG, type of Tillandsia krameri Baker; K, Morren Icon.).
Baia: Agua Preta, Bondar (SP); Foster 78 (GH, R). Salvador, Torrend
(FFBahia).
Espirito SANTO: Leopoldina, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Linhares, Foster 785
(GH). Santa Teresa, Foster 307 (GH). Vitoria, Foster 202 (GH).
Minas Gerais: Mosén 1733 (S). Caldas, Regnell I-282-c in part (F, S);
I-282-d in part (S). Caldas to Serra de Caracol, Mosén 4439 (S). Passa
Quatro, Sampaio 6192 (R); 6193 (R). Sitio, Sampaio 248 (R). Vaccaria
to Palacios, Serra do Cipo, Foster 633 (GH); 634 (GH). Mun. Caete:
Serra Piedade, Foster 672 (GH). Mun. Jaboticatubas: Chapeu de Sol,
Serra do Cipo, Smith & Mus. R 7064 (US). Mun. Nova Lima: Serra da
Mutuca, Williams & Assis 6201 (GH, US). Mun. Sérro: Boca da Mata,
Williams & Assis 7939 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Angra dos Reis, M. Kuhlmann 2651 (SP); Luetzelburg
(! Mez). Atafona, Sampaio (R); 8046 (R) ; 8061 (R). Campos, Sampaio
(R); 7803 (R); 7957 (R); 7958 (R); 8501 (R). Carmo, bank of Rio
Paquequer, Neves Armond 126 (R). Iguaba Grande, Rose & Russell 20714
(US). Itatiaia, Dusén 2161 (S); Foster 145 (GH). Ilha de Marambaia,
Mello Filho & Santos (R). (Maria), Mus. R 12 (NY). Marica, Vidal
(R). Maua, Dusén 232 (S); Ule (R). Restinga de Maud, Hemmendorff
462 (S). Monte Alegre, Vidal 138 (R). Niteroi, Foster 108 (GH). Rio
Paquequer, Serra dos Orgiaos, Brade 16603 (RB). Soberbo to Guapi,
L. B. Smith 1535 (F, GH). Surui, Foster 329 (GH, R). Teresdpolis,
Vasconcelos & Sampaio 2523 (R); Wille (RB). Mun. Cabo Frio: Cabo
Frio, Neto, Glaziou & Schwacke (R). Ponta do Gabriel, Smith & Mus. R
6651 (R, US). Praia do Pontal, Smith & Mus. R 6597 (R, US).
Distrito FepERAL: Campo Grande, Parker 1 (R). Serra da Carioca, Smith &
Vieira 1204 (GH). Corcovado, Lindman A-43 (S). Ilha das Flores,
Parodi (SP). Gavea, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Praia de Grumari, near
Guaratiba, Smith & Mus. R 6537 (R, US); 6538 (R, US). Restinga de
Jacarepagua, Ule 4051 (R). Jardim Botanico, Bailey 36 (BH); 36-a
(BH) ; 496 (BH); Lindman A-233 (S). Quinta da Boa Vista, Lutz 1290
(R); Rente & Eunice 49 (R); Sampaio (R). Ilha do Raimundo, Vidal
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 83
(R). Riachuelo, Neves Armond 291 (R). Rio de Janeiro, Andersson (S) ;
Lutz (R); Regnell 213 (S); Riedel 45 (R); Widgren (S); Wilkes Expe-
dition (GH, US). Praia de Sernambetiba, Smith & Mus. R 6824 (US).
Tijuca, Frazéo 52 (RB); Smith & Brade 2239 (GH). Tijuca to Jacare-
pagua, Cochran (R, US). Restinga da Tijuca, Machado (RB). Estrada
da Vista Chineza, Occhioni 42 (RB).
Sio Pauto: Boracéa, Lima & da Silva (SP). Boracéa to Salesdpolis, M.
Kuhlmann 1695 (SP); 2021 (SP). Braganca Paulista, Duarte 116 (GH,
SP). Campinas, Campos Novaes 1203 (GH, SP); Dedecca (IAN).
Campo Grande, Loefgren (GH, SP). Cubatao, L. B. Smith 2049 (B, BA,
BM, F, GH, K, P, S, US). Santos, Carvalho (IAC); Mosén 3252 (R);
Regnell 38 1/64 (S). Sao Vicente, L. B. Smith 2098 (GH). Mun. Amparo:
Monte Alegre, M. Kuhlmann 262 (SP). Mun. Sao Paulo: Handro (SP).
Bosque da Saude, Hoehne (SP). Butantéa, Hoehne (SP). Serra da Can-
tareira, Koscinski 329 (SP). Ipiranga, Luederwaldt (SP). Source of Rio
Ipiranga, Hoehne (SP). Pirajussara, Gehrt in L. B. Smith 1823 (GH,
S); Gehrt (GH, SP). Santo Amaro, Krieger 173 (SP). Vila Ema, Brade
7202 (SP). Vila Friburgo, Hauff 34 (SP).
ParanA: Casino At, Mattos 4268 (US). Curitiba, Dusén 2411 (R); Foster
g (GH); Stellfeld 1544 (US). Rio Marumbi, Dusén 14308 (S). Para-
nagua, Tessmann (US). Serrinha, Dusén 7191 (S, US). Tibagi, Reiss 6
(GH, US); 55 (GH, US). Mun. Piraquara: Florestal, Hatschbach 1161
(US); Tessmann (US). Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Dusén 2764
(R); Foster 411 (GH, R); M. Kuhlmann (SP, US).
SANTA CATARINA: Florianépolis, Reitz 3908 (HBR). Itajai, Reitz 3425-a
(HBR). Laguna, Reitz & Klein 85 (HBR). Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz
3902 (HBR). (Nova Teutonia), Plawmann 593 (RB). Mun. Ararangua:
Serra do Pilio, Reitz 3425 (HBR). Sombrio, Reitz C-464 (GH); 3693
(HBR). Turvo, Reitz C-203 (GH, HBR); C-204 (GH, HBR) ; 828 (R).
Mun. Bom Retiro: Figueiredo, Reitz 2869 (HBR, US). Mun. Brusque:
Azambuja, Reitz 3656 (HBR). Brusque, L. B. Smith 5792 (US). Mun.
Chapecé: Itapiranga, Reitz 4708 (! Reitz). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa,
Seidel 33 (! Reitz). Mun. Porto Belo: Canto Grande, Reitz 3602 (HBR,
US) ; 3602-2 (HBR); 3623 in part (HBR); 3628 in part (HBR); 3654
(HBR); 3655 (HBR). Mun Sado Joaquim: Urubici, Reitz 2908 (HBR,
US); 2009 (HBR, US).
Rio Grande vo Sut: Belem Nova, Beetle 1608 (US). Belem Nova, Rio
Guaiba, Palacios & Cuezza 411 (LIL). Canoas, Teodoro 73 (US).
Colonia Santo Angelo, Lindman A-1033 (S); A-1057 (S). Hamburger
Berg, Lindman A-575 (S). Nova Wurtemburg, Bornmueller 393 (GH).
Palmares, near Lagoa dos Patos, Rambo (US). Pareci Novo, Sehnem
1656 (LIL). Passo Fundo, Mattos & Laboriou (RB). Porto Alegre,
Lindman A-341 (S); Palacios & Cuezza 659 (LIL); Rambo (LIL). Sao
Leopoldo, Eugenio 123 (R); 1653 (GH); 1655 (GH). Sao Salvador,
Eugenio 3275 (GH). Torres, Vidal (R). Mun. Rio Pardo, Jurgens 267
(US). Mun. Vacaria: Passo do Socorro, Rambo (US).
Aso: TRINIDAD, VENEZUELA, GUIANA, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
16b. Tillandsia stricta var. disticha L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. I: 115. 10943.
ParanA: Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Foster 411a (GH, type).
84 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
17. Tillandsia pohliana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 5907, pl. rz. 1894.
Tillandsia meridionalis sensu Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 818. 1896.
In part, not Baker.
Tillandsia windhausemii Hassler ex Rojas, Rev. Jard. Bot. & Mus. Hist.
Nat. Paraguay 2: 183. 1930. Nomen.
Tillandsia latisepala L. B. Smith, Proc. Amer. Acad. 68: 148, fl. 1,
figs. 6, 7. 1933.
CearA: Araripe, Miranda 1 (IAN).
Minas Gerats: Barbacena, Glaziou 13242 (P). Sao Miguel, Pohl 3658 (W,
type). Mun. Ituiutaba: Macedo 511 (US). Santa Terezinha, Macedo 1204
(US).
Mato Grosso: Campo Grande, Foster 1095 (GH). Corumba, Foster 1162
(GH).
SAo Pauto: Campinas, Trevisan 2861 (SP); Trevisan & Viegas 2862 (SP);
2863 (SP). Mun. Amparo: Monte Alegre, M. Kuhlmann 247 (SP).
Aso: Paracuay, ARGENTINA, PERU.
18. Tillandsia meridionalis Baker, Journ. Bot. 26:15. 1888.
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Caxias, Teodoro 231 (R, US).
Aso: Paracuay, ARGENTINA,
19. Tillandsia araujei Mez in Mart. F1. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 600, pl. 112, fig. 2. 1894.
Rio DE JANEIRO (?): Glaziou 8019 (P, GH neg. 3020); 15463 (US); 15464
(GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Morro dos Cabritos, Duarte 959 (RB). Copacabana, collec-
tor? (R). Corcovado to Tijuca, Lutz 866 (R). Pedra Dois Irmaos, Rose
& Russell 20241 (US). Gavea, Hoehne (SP); Reitz 5682 (HBR) ; Smith
& Mus. R 6425 (R, US). Praia de Grumari, near Guaratiba, Smith &
Mus. R 6532 (US, lax shade form, sterile). Jacarepagua, Cochran (R);
Pereira 622 (RB). Jardim Leblon, Harshberger 851 (US). Praia Leblon,
Hoehne 30 (SP). Avenida Niemeier, Brade in L. B. Smith 2169 (GH);
Parker (R). Pedra Quilombo, Brade 10876 (R).
SAo Pauto: Ilha dos Alcatrazes, Santos, Loefgren (SP); Luederwaldt &
Fonseca (SP).
20. Tillandsia pulchella Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: pl. 154. 1825.
1. Leaf-blades flat near the base, merging gradually into the sheaths, usually
equaling or exceeding the simple or few-branched stem.
2. Plant not distinctly dorsi-ventral ; leaves not completely secund, diverging
from one another.
3. Inflorescence shorter than the slender leaves; leaves scarcely or not
at all secund.
Ai. PIO WeEFS\POlYSHCROES <. « wxidiaadeeee = em sihlm «ae ree Var. a. pulchella
A: TIO WETS \CISH@UOTIS, « otek gnc Pee A Ries Sich hinges Var. b. disticha
3. Inflorescence exceeding the stout usually secund leaves.
Var. c. surinamensis
2. Plant distinctly dorsi-ventral; leaves very densely ascending-secund with
the blades closely approximates. ecihcjeissse)ee siccrisw'sie ss Var. d. saxicola
1. Leaf-blades involute throughout and thus contrasting sharply with the
sheaths, very slender, much shorter than the long branching stem, often
SRA, sac anths «vis u's dio ey tet ce ae OE Aw Senate oie Var. e. vaginata
a
we. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 85
20a. Tillandsia pulchella var. pulchella.
Tillandsia pulchra Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: sub pl. 154. 1825. With the text.
Tillandsia subulata Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 133. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 127.
1835.
? Tillandsia autumnalis F. Mueller, Gartenflora 42: 737. 1893.
Tillandsia astragaloides Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 601. 1894.
Tillandsia pulchella var. rosea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 603. 1894,
in part, not as to basonym.
Tillandsia pseudo-stricta Chodat & Vischer, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve II.
8: 263, figs. 122, 123. 1916.
BraziL: Sellow bromel. 87 (P); 91 (P).
ParA: Belém, Archer 7833 (IAN).
CearA: Allemao e Cysneiros 1526 in part (R).
PERNAMBUCO: SAo Bento, Tapera, Pickel 137 (SP).
Baia: Maracas, Foster 2464 (US).
Espirito Santo: (Bananal), Viana Freire 50 (R). (Goitacazes), Rio Doce,
J. G. Kuhlmann 138 (RB).
Minas Gerats: Regnell I-282-c in part (US).
Mato Grosso: Cascata do Angelim, Serra do Itapirapua, Lindman A-3523
(S). Guaira, Cullen (RB).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Boa Vista, Rio Paraiba, Neto, Glasiowu & Schwacke (R).
Serra dos Orgaos, Schreiner (R). Petrdpolis, Glaziou 8025 (P). Tere-
sopolis, FrazGo (RB); Sampaio 2538 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Copacabana, Glaziow 2730 (P); Serra da Carioca, Estrada
da Sumaré, Pabst 10081 (Pabst).
SAo Pauto: Campinas, Campos Novaes 1201 (SP). Campos do Jordao,
Hoehne (GH, SP). Monte Alegre do Sul, M. Kuhlmann 1885 (SP).
Santos, Mosén 3252 in part (S). Serra Negra, Hoehne (SP). Mun.
Amparo: Monte Alegre, Kuhlmann & Kiihn 358 (SP). Mun. Sao Paulo:
Edwall (SP). Butanta, Gehrt (SP). Vila Ema, Brade 7582 (R).
ParANA: Linha Esperanga to Prudentopolis, Frenzel 650 (HBR, Inst. Biol.
Pesq. Tec.). Tibagi, Reiss 83 (GH, US). Mun. Paranagua: Vossoroca,
Hatschbach 2483 (US). Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Dusén 7235 (S) ;
15525 (S); Hoehne (SP); M. Kuhlmann (SP).
SANTA CaTaRINA: Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz C-644 (GH). Mun.
Biguagu: Fachinal, Reitz 4101 in part (HBR). Mun. Chapeco: Dionisio
Cerqueira, Reitz 4505 (HBR). Itapiranga, Reitz 4606 (HBR). Rio Peperi-
Guacu, Itapiranga, Reitz 4284 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE do SuL: Santo Angelo, Lindman A-1037 (S). Sao Leopoldo,
Eugenio 120 (R); 212 (SP) ; 2611 (GH) ; 2614 (GH, HBR). “Theewald,”
Bornmueller 709 (GH).
Aso: West INpIEs, VENEZUELA, GUIANA, BotiviA, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
2ob. Tillandsia pulchella var. disticha L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado
Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 114, pl. 117. 1943.
Distrito FEeperAL: Rio de Janeiro, Wilkes Expedition (GH, type, US neg.
4100).
20c. Tillandsia pulchella var. surinamensis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:
603. 1804.
Tillandsia surinamensis Miq. ex Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 603.
1894. Nomen, in synon.
86 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Tillandsia firmula Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 603. 1894.
Tillandsia pulchella forma surinamensis Mez in Luetzelburg, Estudo Bot.
Nordéste 3: 104. 1923.
Brazit: Sellow bromel. 89 (P).
Praui: Southern part of state, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
CearA: Aratuba (Coite or Santos Dumont), Cutler 8177 (US).
Paraipa: Serra da Aba, Luetzelburg (1! Mez). Serra d’Olho d’Agua, Luetzel-
burg (! Mez). Serra dos Prazeres, Luetzelburg (! Metz).
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 109 (GH, R). Serra das Almas, Luetzelburg
(! Mez).
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 306 (GH).
Minas Gerais: Pedra Branca, Caldas, Mosén 3990 (S).
Distrito FeperRAL: Serra da Carioca, L. B. Smith 2150 (GH). Corcovado,
Glaziou 3127 (P, isotype of Tillandsia firmula Mez, GH neg. 3012).
Sio Pauto: Burchell 4222 (K) ; Sellow 5877 (B, F neg 11496). Alto da Serra,
Gehrt (SP). Iguape, Santos, Hoehne (SP). Jaragua, Brade 7203 (SP).
Ubatuba, Viegas, Franco & Lima (IAC). Mun. Sao Paulo: Cidade Jardim,
Smith & Kuhlmann 1812 (GH). Santo Amaro, Krieger 174 (SP).
Parana: Alto da Serra, Foster 403 (GH, R). Ponta Grossa, Reitz 5733
(! Reitz).
Santa CATARINA: Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 4012 (HBR). Mun. Araran-
gua: Espigao de Barro, Reitz C-606 (GH). Peroba, Reitz C-472 (GH).
Peroba, Sombrio, Reitz 3705-b (HBR). Sombrio, Reitz 3763 (HBR, US).
Mun. Blumenau: Garcia, Reitz 4642 (! Reitz). Mun. Imarui: Vargem
do Cedro, Reitz 4530 (HBR). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Seidel
15 (HBR). Mun. Palhoca: Campo de Massiambu, Reitz & Klein 335
(! Reitz). Pildes, L. B. Smith 6218 (R, US).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Morro Sapucaia, Palacios & Cuezzo 429 (LIL). Pal-
mares, near Lagoa dos Patos, Rambo (US). Sao Jeronimo, Schwacke (R).
Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 126 in part (NY); 213 (SP); 2609 (GH); 2610
(GH). Estagao Sao Salvador, Sehnem 2094 (LIL). Mun. Porto Alegre:
Canoas, Lindman A-353 (S). Mun. Torres: Campo Bonito, Reitz 4416
(HBR).
Atso: GUIANA, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
20d. Tillandsia pulchella var. saxicola L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado
Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 115, pl. 118. 1043.
Distrito FepeRAL: Morro do Archer, Brade 10410 (R).
SAo Pauto: Atibaia, Foster 481 (GH); Ostermeyer (SP). Pedra Grande,
Atibaia, Gehrt (GH, type (US neg. gior), SP). Serra de Itapetinga,
Duarte (GH, SP).
20e. Tillandsia pulchella var. vaginata (Wawra) Castellanos, An. Mus. Nac.
Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 37:505. 1033.
Tillandsia triflora Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 134. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 134. 1835.
Tillandsia pityphylla Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1208. 1830.
Tillandsia pulchra var. vaginata Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 224.
1880.
Anoplophytum amoenum E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 33: 265, pl. 17. 1883.
Anoplophytum brachypodium E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 1096.
1889. Nomen.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 87
Tillandsia pulchella var. pityphylla Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 603.
1894.
Tillandsia amoena Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32:451. 1935. Not
Lodd. 1818.
Tillandsia cyanescens Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 563. 1035.
Tillandsia brachypodia Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 564. 1935.
Brazit: Sellow (S); bromel. 83 (P).
Praui: Southern part of state, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Rio GRANDE po Norte: Serra do Martins, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Paraisa: Serra Branca, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Baia: Serra das Almas, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Serra dos Veados, Luetzelburg
(! Mez, erroneously listed as “Goias”).
Espiriro SANTO: Mun. Cachoeira de Itapemirim: Vargem Alta, Foster 924
(GH).
Minas Gerais: Sitio, near Barbacena, Sampaio 342 (R). Caldas, Hoehne
(GH, SP). Pedra Branca, Caldas, Regnell I-282-d in part (S). Serra de
Caldas, Mosén 1734 (S). Rio Verde, Caldas, Mosén 4440 (S); Regnell
III-1250 (S, US). Serra de Caracol, Mosén 1735 (S). Coronel Pacheco,
Heringer 1007 (SP). Juiz de Fora, Wawra II-212 (W, type). Sete Lagoas,
Occhiom (RB). Mun. Betim: Contagem, Assis & Morreira in Williams
8222 (GH, US).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Boa Vista, Rio Paraiba do Sul, Glaziou (P). Restinga de
Maud, Hemmendorff 464 (S). Nova Friburgo, Glaziou 13257 (GH, P,
US). Teresdpolis, Bessa & Sampaio 2521 (R); Sampaio 2521-a (R);
2652 (R).
Distrito FepErAL: Ilha do Ribeiro, Km. 21, Jacarepagua, Pereira 101 (RB).
Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 13239 (P). Tijuca, Excelsior, Lutz 1442 (R).
SAo Pauto: Atibaia, Duarte (GH, SP). Campinas, Campos Novaes (SP, US).
Campos do Jordao, Eugenio 3851 (GH). Iperé, W. Hoehne & Gehrt (SP).
Itu, Russel (SP). (Ribeirao da Lagoa), Edwall (SP). Serra do Mar,
Edwall (GH, SP). Rio Tijuca, Foster 471 (GH). Una, Foster 387 (GH,
R). Mun. Iguape: Morro das Pedras, Brade 7905 (R). Mun. Sao Paulo:
Bosque da Saude, Hoehne (SP). Butanta Hoehne (GH, SP). Ipiranga,
Luederwaldt (GH, SP). Pirajussara, Gehrt (GH, SP).
ParaNnA: Itaperuct, Dusén 7112 (S). Jaguariaiva, Dusén (S). Palmeiras,
M. Kuhlmann (GH, SP). Roca Nova, Dusén 10274 (S).
Auso: West INDIES, VENEZUELA, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
21. Tillandsia aéranthos (Loisel.) L. B. Smith, Lilloa 9: 200. 1943.
Pourretia aéranthos Loisel. in Mordant de Launay, Herb. Gen. Amat.
5: pl. 304. 1821.
Tillandsia dianthoidea Rossi, Cat. Modoet. 70, pl. 1. 1825.
Tillandsia bicolor Brongn. in Duperrey, Voy. Coquille Bot. 185, pl. 36.
1829.
Tillandsia microxiphion Baker, Bot. Mag. 119: pl. 7320. 1893.
Santa Catarina: D’Urville (P, type of Tillandsia bicolor Brongn., GH neg.
3019). Laguna, Dusén 8412 (US). Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz
C-104 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE vo Sut: Araujo 48 (R). Osorio, Rambo (HBR, US). Pelotas,
Lindman A-679 1/2 (S). Porto Alegre, Lindman A-253 (S); Rambo
(LIL). Santa Maria, Harshberger 980 (US). Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio
88 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
122 (R); 1611 (GH) ; 1656 (GH) ; 1658 (GH) ; 1659 (GH) ; 1661 (GH);
2789 (HBR); Fridericks in Eugenio 3172 (GH); Heinz (LIL); Reits
(HBR). Viera, near Rio Grande, Archer 4304 (SP, US).
Aso: Urucuay, ARGENTINA, PARAGUAY.
Subgenus Phytarrhiza (De Vis.) Baker
22. Tillandsia anceps Lodd. Bot. Cab. 8: pl. 771. 1823. Ficure 26.
ParA: Rio Guama, Pires & Black 1553 (IAN); Smith, Pires & Black 7122
Fic. 25.—Tillandsia stricta var. stricta: a, Habit (after Botanical Magazine),
x XY; b, flower, X 1; c, petal and stamen, X I.
Fic. 26.—Tillandsia anceps: a, Habit (after Botanical Cabinet), « %;
b, sepals and capsule, X 1.
(US). Belém, Archer 7832 (IAN, US); Museu Goeldi (MG); Pires
1937 (IAN).
Aso: CENTRAL AMERICA, TRINIDAD, NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA.
23. Tillandsia linearis Vell. F1. Fluminensis 133. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 128. 1835.
Tillandsia selloa C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1873, App.: 7. 1874.
Tillandsia setacea sensu Baker, Handb. Bromel. 175. 1880. In part,
not Sw.
GorAs: Serra dos Veadeiros, Glaziou 22197 (P).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra de Nova Friburgo, Saldanha in Schwacke 4586 (! Mez).
Sado Pauto: Cotia, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Paiol do Meio, Gehrt (SP). Sao
Bernardo, Brade 6744 (SP). Una, Foster 384 (GH, R). Mun. Sao Paulo:
Santo Amaro, Edwall (SP). Butanté, Gehrt (SP); Hoehne 823 (SP).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 89
ParanA: Curitiba, Galvao in Saldanha 8839 (R) ; Sellow 4684 (GH). Curitiba
to Paranagua, km. 29, Tessmann (Paran., US), Itaperugu, Dusén 7307
(BM, S, US). Jacarei, Dusén 6816 (S) ; 15555 (GH, S). Pinhaes, Dusén
11592 (S); 15852 (GH, S, US). Mun. Piraquara: Campininha, Hatsch-
bach 2720 (US). Mun. Ponta Grossa: Itaiacéca, Dusén 4240 (R, S).
24. Tillandsia monadelpha (E. Morr.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 281. 1887.
Phytarrhiza monadelpha E. Morr. Belg. Hort. 32: 168, pl. 7. 1882.
AmapA: Rio Oiapoque, Frées 25711 (IAN).
ParA: Belém, Estrada de Ferro Braganga, Santa Isabel, Goeldi staff (MG).
Atso: CENTRAL AMERICA, TRINIDAD, NoRTHERN SoUTH AMERICA.
25. Tillandsia decomposita Baker, Handb. Bromel. 168. 1880.
Tillandsia weddellii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 181. 1880.
Tillandsia tomentosa N. E. Brown, Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 20:
73- 1894.
Marto Grosso: Camizao, Foster 1088 (GH). Corumba, Hoehne in Rondon 3560
(R).
Aso: BoriviA, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
26. Tillandsia streptocarpa Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 241. 1887. FicureE 27.
Tillandsia tricholepis Baker, Journ. Bot. 25:234. 1887. Not Baker 1878.
Tillandsia bakeriana Britten, Journ. Bot. 26: 170. 1888.
? Tillandsia retrorsa A. Silveira, Floralia Montium 2:25, pl. 10, 1931.
? Tillandsia grao-mogolensis A. Silveira, Floralia Montium 2: 26, pl. 1,
eh. 2. 1031.
Prauf: Paranagua Luetzelburg (! Mez).
ParaisA: Campina Grande to Caruarti’ (in Pernambuco), Foster 2422 (US).
Ipanargna, Campina Grande, Foster 2409 (US).
PERNAMBUCO: Caruart, Pickel 4243 (IPA).
Baia: Luetzelburg 12412 (NY). Bom Jesus de Lapa, Campos Porto 2482
(RB); Zehntner 569 (RB). Catuni, Rio Sao Francisco, Campos Porto
2342 (RB). Itumirim, Campos Porto (RB). Jacobina, Foster 96 (GH,
R). Joazeiro, Rose & Russell 19774 (US). Queimada, Pires 3451 (IAN).
Minas Gerais: Saint-Hilaire B1-1847 (P). Beribéri, Glaziou 19917 (P).
Serra de Caracol, Mosén 4442 (S). Mun. Ituiutaba: Sado Vicente, Macedo
2714 (US).
GorAs: Alto da Serra dos Pireneos, Glaziou 22195 (P). Vargem Grande,
upper Rio Tocantins, Ule 224 (R).
Mato Grosso: Corumba, Foster 1058 (GH); 1065 (GH, US).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgios, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Sao Pauto: Cultivated, Hoehne (GH, SP). Atibaia, Foster 478 (GH, R);
Gehrt (SP). Cachoeira do Maribondo, Gehrt (SP). Campinas, Viegas &
Trevisan (IAC). Morro Pelado, Itirapina, Derby (SP). Mun. Tanabi:
Ilha Cachoeira dos Indios, Gehrt (SP).
ParanA: Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Dusén 2755 (R, S); 2811 (GH,
R, S); 7643 (S, US) ; 9527 (S); 16123 (GH, S, US); Foster 416 (GH,
R); Tessmann (US).
Rio GRANDE Do Sut: Lindman (S).
Atso: Paracuay, ARGENTINA, Bortvia, PERU.
go SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
27. Tillandsia crocata (E. Morr.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 25:214. 1887.
Phytarrhiza crocata E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 30:87. 1880.
Tillandsia mandonit E. Morr. ex Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 871. 1896,
BraziL_: Lietze (K, type, as Morren Icon.).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Moreira 5 (R).
ParaNnA: Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Dusén 4284 (R, S); 7628 (NY,
S); 7642 (S); 9238 (GH, S, US); Foster 414 (GH, R); Gongalves (SP,
US); Tessmann (Paran., US).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Mouth of Rio Jacui, Tweedie 427 (K, US neg. 3971).
Porto Alegre, Lindman (S). Sao Leopoldo, Rambo (LIL).
28. Tillandsia mallemontii Glaziou ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 608,
pl. 114, fig. I. 18094.
Tillandsia linearis sensu Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 234. 1887. Not Vell. 1825.
Praui: Serra do Brejo, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Rio GRANDE DO Norte: Jardim do Serid6, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Serra do
Martins, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Baia: Serra de Chuqué, northeastern Baia, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Alto de Macaé, near Nova Friburgo, Glaziou 18563 (K (US
neg. 3973), US).
Distrito FEpERAL: Cultivated, Sao Cristovao, Lindman A-35 (S); Ule 1313
in part (R). Restinga de Grumari, Freire 609 (R); Smith & Mus. R
6534 (R, US). Tijuca, Glaziou 14345 (B, type, K).
SAo Pauto: Saint-Hilaire C2-1451 (P).
ParANA: Jaguariaiva, Dusén 10071 (S). Porto Amazonas, Langs in Dusén
9530 (S, US). Mun. Lapa: Engenheiro Blei, Hatschbach 1201 (US).
Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Dusén 4107 (R); Foster 413 (GH, R);
M. Kuhlmann (SP).
SANTA CaTARINA: Tuberao, Ule 1313 in part (GH). Mun. Ararangua: Turvo,
Reitz C-399 (GH); 876 (R). Mun. Floriandpolis: Floriandpolis, Reitz
3003 (HBR). Rio Tavares, Reitz 4503 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 6194 (R,
RB, US). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Reitz 4283 (HBR); Seidel
16 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE DO Sut: Cachoeira to Colonia Santo Angelo, Lindman A-1007 (S).
Morro Grande, near Osorio, Rambo (US). Lagoa de Pinguela, near
Osorio, Pabst 10162 (RB). Pelotas, Parcus (Montevideo). Porto Alegre,
Rambo (LIL). Lagoa dos Quadros, Rambo (HBR, US). Sado Leopoldo,
Rambo (LIL). Sao Salvador, Eugenio 2210 (GH). Mun. Torres: Campo
Bonito, Reitz 4413 (HBR).
Subgenus Diaphoranthema (Beer) Baker
29. Tillandsia loliacea Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1204. 1830.
Tillandsia undulata Baker, Journ. Bot. 16: 240. 1878.
Tillandsia quadriflora Baker, Handb. Bromel. 163. 1889. In part.
Tillandsia atrichoides S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 4: 491. 1895.
Praui: Guaribas, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Colonia e Manga, Luetzelburg
(! Mez).
CEARA: 20 km. west of Canindé, Cutler 8430 (US). Cariri, near Imbuzeiro,
Loefgren 496 (R).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH g!I
Paraisa: Campina Grande, Wright 4338 (GH). Passagem, Luetzelburg
(! Mez).
Bafa: Itumirim, Campos Porto (RB). Jacobina, Foster 95 (GH, R). LengGes,
Luetzelburg (! Mez). Monte Santo, near Joazeiro, Martius (M, type).
Minas Gerais: Glaziou 13241 (P). Conselheiro Matta-Rodeador, Brade (RB).
Mato Grosso: Corumba, Hoehne in Rondon 3556 (R); 3557 (R); 3558 (R);
3550 (R); Robert 791 (BM). Corumba to Ladario, Moore 1046 (BM,
type of Tillandsia atrichoides S. Moore, US neg. 3991). Diamantino,
Lindman b (S).
SAo Pauto: Descalvado, Foster 500 (GH); Gehrt (SP).
Atso: Bortvia, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
30. Tillandsia tricholepis Baker, Journ. Bot. 16: 237. 1878.
Tillandsia bryoides Griseb. Goett. Abh. 24: 334. 1879. In part.
Tillandsia polytrichoides E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 30: 240. 1880.
CearA: Alleméo CLXXI in part (R); Allemao e Cysneiros 1525 (R); 1526
(R); Saldanha hb. 8102 (R). West of Canindé 20 km., Cutler 8431 (US).
Minas Gerats: Conselheiro Matta-Rodeador, Brade 13497 (RB).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Paraiba do Sul, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Petropolis, Luetselburg
o11 (M).
Distrito FEDERAL: Campo Grande, Passareli 7 (R). Praia de Grumari, near
Guaratiba, Smith & Mus. R 6533 (R, US). Jardim Botanico, Brade 20620
(RB); Swingle (US). Parque da Boa Vista, Diogo 790 (R). Quinta,
Glaziou 3124 (P). Ilha do Raimundo, Vidal (R). Rio de Janeiro, Foster
1175 (GH). Sao Cristovao, Brade in L. B. Smith 2168 (GH); Lindman
A-37 (S). Restinga da Tijuca, Machado (RB).
Rio GRANDE DO SUL: Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 121 (R); 444 (NY); 1806 (GH).
Aso: Botivia, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
31. Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 410. 1762.
Renealmia recurvata L. Sp. Pl. 287. 1753. Excluding var. £.
Diaphoranthema recurvata Beer, Bromel. 156. 1857.
ParA: Cachoeira Grande, Rio Cumina, Sampaio 5478 (R). Cachoeira da
Zoada, Rio Cumina, Sampaio 5309 (R).
Piaui: Sao Jodo do Piaui, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
CearA: Arara, north of Araripe, Cutler 8409 (US). West of Canindé 20 km.,
Cutler 8429 (US). Mun. Maranguape: Sitio Agua Verde, north of
Palmeiras, Cutler 8242 (US).
PernaAmBuco: Pickel (SP). Russinha, Pickel 138 (GH).
Auacoas: Cachoeira de Paulo Affonso, Chase 7809 (US).
Baia: Serra das Almas, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Serra da Chuqué, Luetzelburg
(! Mez). Itumirim, Campos Porto (RB). Jacobina, Foster 92 (GH, R);
93 (GH, R); 94 (GH, R). Mun. Sento Se: Uaua, Schery 567 (GH).
Minas Gerats: Serra de Caracol Mosén 1736 (S); 1737 (S); 4441 (S).
Coronel Pacheco, Heringer 910 (SP). Lagoa Santa, Hoehne in Rondon
6418 (R); 6419 (R); Warming (C). Lavras, Black 2084-B (RB).
ParaisOpolis, Hoehne (SP). Sabara, Hoehne in Rondon 6891 (R) ; 6892
(R). Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipd, Foster 632 (GH). Chapeu de
Sol, Serra do Cipé, Smith & Mus. R 7004 (R, US). Mun. Santa Luzia:
Nova Granja, Williams & Assis 6761 (GH, R, US).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Barra do Pirai, Hoehne & Gehrt (SP). Serra da Estrella,
Luetzelburg (1 Mez). (Pedra do Rio), Viana Freire 33 (R). Serra dos
g2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Orgaos, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Mun. Petropolis: Carangola, Goés & Con-
stantino 635 (RB, US).
SAo Pauto: Atibaia, Foster 479 (GH, R); Lindberg 563 (S). Campinas,
Aloisi (IAC) ; Campos Novaes 1200 (US); Mosén 375 (S); Severin 39
(US). Carioba, M. Kuhlmann 862 (SP). Conchas, Gehrt (SP). Cotia to
Una, Foster 385 (GH, R). Itapira, Hoehne (GH, SP). Monte Alegre do
Sul, Rio Camanducaia, M. Kuhlmann 141 (SP). Monte Alegre do Sul,
Kuhlmann & Kiihn 1818 (SP). Serra Negra, Hoehne (GH, SP). Mun.
Itirapina: Morro Pelado, Derby (SP). Mun. Sao Paulo: Pirajussara,
Gehrt (GH, SP). Sao Paulo, Loefgren (GH, SP).
ParanA: Porto Amazonas, Dusén 9530 (NY). Tibagi, Reiss (GH). Mun.
Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha, Dusén 2763 (R).
Rrio GRANDE Do SuL: Colonia Santo Angelo, Lindman A-915-b (S). Piratini,
Lindman A-915 (S). Porto Alegre, Lindman A-255 (S); A-1631-a (S);
Rambo (LIL). Santa Maria, Lindman A-1631-b (S). Sado Leopoldo,
Eugenio 128 (NY); 2527 (GH). Mun. Quarai: Jarau, Rambo (LIL).
Atso: SOUTHERN UNITED STATES to ARGENTINA and CHILE.
32. Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 411. 1762. Ficure 28.
Renealmia usneoides L. Sp. Pl. 287. 1753.
Dendropogon usneoides Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4:25. 1838.
Sirepsia usneoides Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2. 2:645. 1841.
Brazit: Blanchet (BM); Bowie & Cunningham (BM); 45 (BM); Freyreis
(S); Martius 463 (MO, NY); Richard (S); Riedel (BM).
ParA: Sao Miguel do Guama, Rio Guama, Dias 11 (IAN, US).
ParA-MarRANHAO: Rio Gurupi, F. Lima (MG).
Praui: Sao Joao do Piaui, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
CeaRA: Allemaio CLXXI in part (R); Allemao e Cysneiros 1524 (R) ; Neves
Armond (R). Aratuba (Coite or Santos Dumont), Cutler 8176 (US).
ParAisa: Campina Grande, Wright 50 (GH).
PERNAMBUCO: (Jaqueira), Ridley, Lea & Ramage (BM).
ALAGoAS-SERGIPE: Lower Rio Sao Francisco, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Baia: Glocker 198 (S). Agua Preta, Foster 110 (GH, R). Serra do Chuqué,
Luetzelburg (1! Mez). Iguacu, Campos Porto (RB). Itatinga to Bom
Gosto, Frées 19973 (IAN, US). Serra do Itubira, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Machado Portela, Rose & Russell 19985 (US).
Espirtro SANTO: Rio Sao Gabriel, northern Rio Doce, Vieira 23 (RB). Mun.
Vitoria: Araguai, Foster (GH).
Minas Gerals: Caldas, Regnell III-1251 (F, GH, R, S, US). Lagoa Santa,
Hoehne in Rondon 6353 (R). Passa Quatro, Sampaio 6224 (R). Sitio,
Sampaio 154 (R). Turvo, Hoehne & Gehrt (GH, SP). Mun. Diamantina:
Mato do Izidoro, Baptista in Williams 6985-a (GH). Mun. Santa Luzia:
Capao, Serra do Cipd, Oliveira (IAN).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Campos, Sampaio 8262 (R). Serra da Estrella, Luetzelburg
(! Mez). Niteroi, Smith & Brade 2328 (GH). Serra dos Orgaos, Luetzel-
burg (! Mez). Teresdpolis, Brade 9225 (R); Sampaio 2211 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Campo Grande, Parker (R). Praia de Grumari, near
Guaratiba, Smith & Mus. R 6531 (R, US). Jardim Botanico, Sampaio
(R). Rio de Janeiro, Andersson (S); Forsett 93 (S); Mosén 2622 (S);
Saldanha hb. (R); Widgren (S); 462 (S, US) ; Wilkes Expedition (US).
Restinga da Tijuca, Machado (RB).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 93
SAo Pauto: Ilha dos Alcatrazes, Santos, Luederwaldt & Fonseca (GH, SP).
Campinas, Santoro (IAC). Cubatao, L. B. Smith 2041 (GH). Itd, Russel
(SP). Piquete, Robert (BM). Piracicaba, Puttemans (SP). Mun. Sao
Paulo: M. Kuhlmann 2704 (SP). Butanta, Hoehne (GH, SP). Cidade
Jardim, Smith & Kuhlmann 1811 (GH). Mooga, Brade (SP); 6310 (S);
6311 (S).
Fic. 27. Fic. 28.
Fic. 27.—Tillandsia streptocarpa: a, Habit, *%; b, inflorescence, <1;
¢, petal, stamen, and pistil, X 1. (All after Flora Brasiliensis.)
Fic. 28.—Tillandsia usneoides: a, Habit, X %; b, flower, leaves, and section
of stem, 2.5; c, petals, stamens, and pistil, x5. (All after Botanical
Magazine. )
PaRANA: Restinga Secca, R. R. Station, Dusén 3130 (R, S). Serrinha, Dusén
17673 (BM, GH, S, US). Tibagi, Reiss 16 (GH, US).
SANTA CaTaRINA: Gaudichaud 134 (GH); Macrae (BM). Laguna, Reitz &
Klein 86 (HBR). Porto Unido, Dionysio 7 (SP). Sao Francisco do Sul,
Reitz 3795 (HBR). Mun. Araramgua: Meleiro, Reitz C-13 (GH, HBR).
Mun. Florianopolis: Armacao de Piedade, Smith & Reitz 6198 (US).
Rio GranvbE po Sut: Bom Jestis, Rambo (SP). Canoas, Teodoro 72 (US).
Rio Guaiba, Belém Nova, Palacios & Cuezzo 391 (LIL). Morro Sapucaia,
Palacios & Cuezzo 535 (LIL). Pinhal, Palacios & Cuezzo 2334 (LIL).
Porto Alegre, Lindman A-469 (S); Palacios & Cuezzo 636 (LIL). Sao
Leopoldo, Reitz (HBR). Mun. Sao Francisco de Paula: Tainhas, Rambo
(HBR).
Aso: SoUTHEASTERN Unitep STATES to ARGENTINA and CHILE.
04 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 126
Subgenus Pseudo-Catopsis Baker
33. Tillandsia triticea Burchell ex Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 42. 1888.
Tillandsia parkeri Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 42. 1888.
Tillandsia viridis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 204. 1880.
Vriesia luschnathti Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:555, pl. 103. 1804.
Bafa: Rio Grungogi, Curran 137 (US).
Espiriro SANTO: Campinas to Vitéria, Foster 204 (GH). Santa Teresa, Foster
275 (GH, R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petropolis, Glaziou 16465 (P).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Edwall (SP); Foster 370 (GH); 371 (GH, R);
Gehrt (SP); Smith, Hoehne & Kuhlmann 1827 (GH). Santos, Burchell
3217 (K, type, US neg. 3080) ; Mosén 3494 (S).
ParaNnA: Guaratuba, Reitz 4274 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5747 (R, RB, US).
Jacarei, Dusén 14604 (S); 14755 (S); 17070 (GH). Joinvile-Curitiba
road near Santa Catarina line, Reitz 3892 ( HBR); Reitz 5756 (! Reitz).
Morrétes to Antonina, Dusén 15472 (S, US). Paranagua, Dusén 9796 (S);
Foster 448 (GH); Handro (SP). Porto de Cima, Dusén 6975 (S);
14605 (S). Serra do Mar, Volta Grande, Dusén 12034-A (S); 12035 (S).
SANTA CATARINA: Joinvile, Reitz 3716 (HBR). Mun. Brusque: Brusque,
Reitz 3818 (HBR); 3949 (HBR, US). Morro da Bateia, Reitz 3595
(HBR). Morro Spitzkopf, Reitz 3462 (HBR, US). Mun. Jaragua do Sul:
Corupa, Reitz 4130 (HBR) ; 4229 (HBR); Seidel 1 (HBR); 10 (HBR).
Mun. Palhoga: Pildes, L. B. Smith 6222 (R, US).
Aso: British GUIANA, TRINIDAD, CotomBiA, Bortvia, Perv.
34. Tillandsia aéris-incola (Mez) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 759. 1806.
FIGURE 29.
Catopsis maculata E, Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 155.1889. Not
Tillandsia maculata R. & P. 1802.
Vriesia? aerisincola Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:555. 1804.
Catopsis deflexa Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 18: 323, pl. 10,
figs. I-6. 1900.
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 274 (GH, R).
Minas Gerais: Pico da Piedade, near Belo Horizonte, Foster 580 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Ule 4957 (B, F neg. 11474, type of Catopsis
deflexa Ule). Petropolis, Foster 39 (GH). Teresdopolis, Fraséo (RB).
Distrito FepERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Binot (LG, GH neg. 2035); Wilkes Ex-
pedition (GH).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Dusén 18118 (S); Foster 274-A (GH); Hoehne
& Gehrt (SP); L. B. Smith 2018 (GH, US) ; Smith, Hoehne & Kuhlmann
1828 (F, GH). Sao Paulo, Ostermeyer (SP).
ParANA: Curitiba-Joinvile road near the Santa Catarina line, Reitz 4004
(HBR).
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Brusque: Morro da Bateia, Reitz 3816 (HBR) ; 3947
(HBR, US). Morro Spitzkopf, Reitz 2299 (HBR, US). Mun. Jaragua
do Sul: Corupa, Reitz 4225 (HBR).
Aso: COoLoMBIA.
35. Tillandsia jenmanii Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 345. 1887.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
BritisH GUIANA: Kaieteur, Jenman 848 (K, type (GH neg. 1632), BRG).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 95
36. Tillandsia caribaea L. B. Smith, Proc. Amer. Acad. 70: 155. Sept. 1935.
Tillandsia parviflora sensu Griseb. Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Goett. for 1864:
16. 1865. Not R. & P. 1802.
Catopsis fendleri Baker, Journ. Bot. 25:175. 1887.
Tillandsia fendleri Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 741. 1896. Not Griseb.
1865.
Tillandsia ferruginascens Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32:500. Oct.
1935.
Rio Branco: Mount Roraima, Steyermark 59005 (F, GH).
Atso: Cusa, HISPANIOLA, VENEZUELA.
Subgenus Tillandsia
(Subgenus Platystachys (Beer) Baker)
37. Tillandsia polystachia (L.) L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 410. 1762.
Renealmia polystachia L. Sp. Pl. 286. 1753.
Tillandsia angustifolia Sw. Prodr. 57. 1788.
Tillandsia parvispica Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 244. 1887.
Acre: (Seringal Sao Francisco), Ule 9161 (MG).
CrearA: Cacimba Nova, Loefgren 794 (R); 795 (R). Maracanu, near Forta-
leza, Dahlgren 838 (F).
Paraisa: Ipanargna, Campina Grande to Mata Luiz de Melo, Foster 2412
(US).
Baia: Jacobina, Foster 97 (GH). Milagres to Maracas, Foster 2443 (US).
Minas Gerais: Serra do Pict, Glaziou 13258 (P); 16452 (P). Vicosa, J. G.
Kuhlmann (RB).
Marto Grosso: Campo Grande, Foster 1140 (GH). “Humaita,” Rio dos Bugres,
Lindman A-3199 (S).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Paraiba do Sul, M. Kuhlmann (SP).
Distrito FepERAL: Cultivated?, Sao Cristovao, Lindman A-29 (S).
Atso: México and the West INpIEs to Botivia.
38. Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. Prodr. 56. 1788. var. fasciculata.
Vriesia glaucophylla Hook. Bot. Mag. 74: pl. 4415. 1848.
Tillandsia glaucophylla Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 243. 1887.
Tillandsia pungens Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 684. 1806.
AmapA: Mun. Macapa: Igarapé do Lago, Frées & Black 27527 (IAN).
Pard: Pico Ricardo Franco, Sampaio 5872 (R).
Autso: Frormpa, México, and the West InpiEs to CoLomsia and GUIANA.
39. Tillandsia kegeliana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 725. 1806.
PERNAMBUCO: Vitoria, Pickel 3783 (IPA, US neg. 4229).
Atso: PanaMA, CoLompBia, SURINAM.
40. Tillandsia tenuifolia L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 410. 1762.
Renealmia recurvata 8 L. Sp. Pl. 287. 1753.
ParA: Belém, Poeppig (P, GH neg. 3043).
Aso: SouTHERN Unitep States, West INprEs, México, NorTHERN CENTRAL
AMERICA, VENEZUELA.
96 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
41. Tillandsia juncea (R. & P.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 5: 309. 1817.
Bonapartea juncea R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 38, pl. 262. 1802.
Tillandsia setacea sensu Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 241. 1887.
Baia: (Calderaéo), Rio das Contas, Ule 7048 (cf. Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich
IV. 32: 465. 1935).
Aso: West INnpies, SOUTHERN M£Exico to Pert and Botivia.
42. Tillandsia paraénsis Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 586, pl. 109. 1804.
FIGURE 30.
Tillandsia boliviensis Baker, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4:267. 1805. In
part, not as to type.
Vriesia sanctae-crucis S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 4: 491. 1895.
Tillandsia sanctae-crucis S. Moore ex Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 710.
1806.
Tillandsia juruana Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 143. 1907.
Amazonas: Humaita, near Livramento, Krukoff 6774 (NY). Jurua Mirim,
Ule 5734 (B, type of Tillandsia juruana Ule, F neg. 11508). Panuré, Rio
Uaupes, Pires 1087 (IAN); 1100 (IAN); 1101 (IAN). Serra de Tunui,
Rio Negro, Black 48-2689 (IAN).
Acre: Rio Macaua and Rio Iaco, ca. 9° 20’ S. lat., 69° W. long., Krukoff 54990
(F, GH, MICH, MO, NY). (Seringal Sado Francisco), Ule 9162 (MG).
ParA: Sieber 68 (BR, type). Rio Mapuera, Pires & Silva 4188 (IAN, US).
Cachoeira da Zoada, Rio Cumina, Sampaio 5409 (R).
Marto Grosso: Buritizinho, Mount Itapirapua, Lindman A-3379 (S). Rio
Juruena, Hoehne in Rondon 5162 (R); 5163 (R). Santa Cruz, Moore 361
(BM, type of Vriesia sanctae-crucis S. Moore). Utiariti, Hoehne in Rondon
2032 (R).
Atso: CoLtompstA, PERU, Borivra.
43. Tillandsia bulbosa Hook. Exot. Fl. 3: pl. 173. 1826.
Brazit: Blanchet 1467 (BM).
AMAZONAS: Rio Japura, Martius (1 Mez).
Rio Branco: Cujubim, Luetzelburg 21394 (R).
AmaAPA: Rio Oiapoque, Frées 25927 (IAN); 26758 (IAN); Luetzelburg
20359 (R).
ParA: Approagas, Rio Capim, Huber (MG). Belém, Archer 7828 (IAN,
US); Drouet 1946 (GH); Pires & Black 1520 (IAN). Rio Irituia, C. F.
Baker 441 (MG). Ilha do Mosqueiro, Belém, Killip & Smith 30477 (US);
30553 (US).
PERNAMBUCO: Iguaracu, Ridley, Lea & Ramage (BM).
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 72 (GH, R).
Aso: SOUTHERN México and the West INpIEs to CoLompra and GUIANA.
44. Tillandsia pruinosa Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 594. 1797.
BrAzIL: Glaziou 15462 (P).
Espiriro SANTO: Vitéria, Foster 205 (GH, R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Cantagallo, Glaziou 16461 (P). Maua, Ule 4052 (R).
Aso: FLoripa, SouTHERN México, and the West Inpres to Ecuapor and
VENEZUELA.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 97
12. Vriesia Lindl.
Vriesia Lindl. Bot. Reg. 29: pl. 10. 1843, nomen conservandum.
The original spelling “Vriesia’ is used here because obviously it
was so intended by Lindley where he published it consistently in four
different places in the original description. It would appear that this
was an intentional latinization of a personal name. Unfortunately the
Fic. 29. Fre} 930:
Fic. 29.—Tillandsia aéris-incola: a, Habit, X %; b, branch of inflorescence,
x 2s ¢; sepaly Xow
Fic. 30.—Tillandsia paraénsis: a, Habit (after Flora Brasiliensis), K %4;
b, sepal, XI.
spelling “Vriesea” was employed in conserving the generic name
against the earlier Hexalepis Rafinesque. This name should be cor-
rected to “V riesia” in future lists.
México and the West Indies to Argentina.
1. Apical appendage of the seed minute or lacking; petals firm and remaining
more or less in position after anthesis.
Subgenus Vriesia (Species 1-95)
1. Apical appendage of the seed well developed: petals soon flaccid and
SS a eee Subgenus Alcantarea (Species 96-100)
It has not been possible to follow Mez’s division of the subgenus Vriesia
(Euvriesia) into sections based on the relative length of the petals and stamens,
because these parts are unknown in so many species. Furthermore, in a large
98 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
number of the species where these parts have been examined, the stamens are
not consistently or clearly longer or shorter than the petals. This is particularly
the case in several of the commoner species with compound inflorescences. Con-
sequently it seems best to construct a key that is artificial insofar as is neces-
sary to give it maximum efficiency. This key is divided into a number of sub-
keys to make it less unwieldy and to save it from extreme indentation.
Conspectus of subkeys
1. Flowers in exactly 2 ranks (fig. 32), but sometimes twisted until secund.
(Fig. 36.)
2. Inflorescence compound.
3. Flowers not secund. (Fig. 32.)
4. Upper scape-bracts equaling or exceeding the internodes.
Subkey A
4. Upper scape-bracts shorter than the internodes........... Subkey B
3. Flowers secund at anthesis and after; the floral bracts often secund as
Wels, (Bice PAG ete cr ein an fi nacido Gist ake Sid wee ainiee Subkey C
2. Inflorescence simple.
5. Flowers not secund except sometimes insofar as the petals are exserted
from the bracts on one side.
6. Scape straight or ascending; inflorescence erect.
7. Flowers all erect, either imbricate or appressed to the rhachis.
SE Lge 8 IE: ip ee RESON SE Oe Ao pe ys Subkey D
7. Flowers (at least the lower ones) not imbricate, spreading or di-
vergent with evident space between them. (Fig. 43.).. Subkey E
6. Scape decurved; inflorescence pendulous. (Fig. 47.)...... Subkey F
5. Flowers secund at anthesis and after; the floral bracts often secund as
WEN, oie a ude bee uc EE ELE RIGS ee kaise Cen ovine aweinvens Subkey G
1. Flowers in more than 2 ranks; inflorescence simple or few-branched; leaf-
blades very narrowly triangular, acuminate. (Fig. 48.)...... Subkey H
SUBKEY A
1. Flowers all erect and contiguous at anthesis.
2. Sterile bracts of the branches remote; floral bracts fleshy, black.
1. V. funebris
2. Sterile bracts of the branches imbricate or lacking; floral bracts coriaceous
or subcoriaceous, lighter.
3. Floral bracts shorter than the sepals.
4. Primary bracts shorter than the elongate sterile bases of the branches;
floral bracts obtusely carinate, 35 mm. long....... 2. V. gravisiana
4. Primary bract equaling the short sterile base of the lateral branch;
floral bracts ecarinate, less than 25 mm. long..... 3. V. sincorana
3. Floral bracts equaling or exceeding the sepals.
5. Rhachis alate; floral bracts glabrous, narrow, even; Amazonian
BOERICS. ou ences As Sak va & SRT REET cee An's a) ate os ale 4. V. rubra
5. Rhachis merely angled; floral bracts more or less lepidote, broad,
strongly incurved.
6. Branches 8-14-flowered with one or no sterile bracts at the base;
floral bracts sparsely lepidote toward the apex, 27-32 mm. long.
5. V. schwackeana
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 99
6. Branches 6-8 flowered with 1-5 sterile bracts at the base; floral
bracts sparsely lepidote throughout, 35 mm. long.
6. V. pinottii
1. Flowers (or at least the lower ones) divergent or spreading and not touching
one another at anthesis. (Figs. 31-34.)
7. Leaf-blades very narrowly triangular or linear, acuminate, 15 mm. wide.
8. Primary bracts much shorter than the spreading branches of the broad
lax inflorescence; floral bracts 18-25 mm. long, about equaling the
SEEPS ge Sticke aa eGownea vad snsanesad age mats 7. V. lubbersii
8. Primary bracts much exceeding the short strict branches of the slenderly
cylindric inflorescence; floral bracts 8-10 mm. long, one-half or one-
third as longias the sepalsi.is. ols ee sicc ec ciees 8. V. drepanocarpa
7. Leaf-blades ligulate, broadly acute or rounded, or if acuminate then much
more than 15 mm. wide.
9. Floral bracts 7-17 mm. long, suborbicular or even broader than long,
about half as long as the sepals.
10. Inflorescence tripinnate with its lower branches divided and recurv-
me floral: bracts: 7 mim. long... 2.58000. 2 9. V. leptantha
10. Inflorescence bipinnate with all its branches simple; floral bracts
10-17 mm. long.
11. Scape decurved; inflorescence pendulous... 10. V. billbergioides
11. Scape straight; inflorescence erect.
"2, Inflorescence lax, broad): ...66. 2.008. 0209 11. V. rodigasiana
12. Inflorescence dense, slenderly cylindric...... 12. V. thyrsoidea
9. Floral bracts 20-40 mm. long, usually longer than wide.
13. Branches of the inflorescence slender, about 2 mm. in diameter.
14. Floral bracts strongly incurved and carinate.
15. Sepals exceeding the coriaceous floral bracts, 20-30 mm. long;
inflorescence dense, narrow ; lower primary bracts nearly equal-
ing the branches, subfoliaceous. (Fig. 32.).. 13. V. sceptrum
15. Sepals shorter than the floral bracts; inflorescence lax, broad ;
primary bracts all much shorter than the branches.
16. Sterile bases of the branches short, naked or with a single
Pract AMSG ela. DSSS SR 5. V. schwackeana
16. Sterile bases of the branches elongate with several bracts.
14. V. brusquensis
14. Floral bracts nearly or quite straight toward the apex, often
ecarinate.
17. Leaves acuminate.
18. Scape-bracts apiculate, the upper ones much reduced; stamens
equaling or exceeding the petals..... 15. V. neoglutinosa
18. Scape-bracts acuminate, all large and subfoliaceous; stamens
MIGIHOEG, 5 5.5.4.0». odeia.sls atelia Saute < meen 16. V. altodaserrae
17. Leaves more or less rounded and apiculate.
19. Sepals acute; leaf-sheaths purple.
20. Sterile bases of the branches bracteate..... 17. V. muelleri
20. Sterile bases of the branches naked...... 18. V. haematina
19. Sepals obtuse; leaf-sheaths pale green throughout or castaneous
toward the base, sometimes red-spotted.
21. Leaf-blades densely cinereous-lepidote... 19. V. saundersii
100 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
21. Leaf-blades green, soon glabrous.
22. Floral bracts sharply carinate for most of their length,
about 4 times as long as the internodes.
20. V. monacorum
22. Floral bracts slightly if at all carinate, mostly much less
than 4 times as long as the internodes.
23. Primary bracts exceeding the short bracteate or naked
sterile bases of the branches. (Fig. 33.)
21. V. friburgensis
23. Primary bracts shorter than the long bracteate sterile
bases of the branches. (Fig. 34.)... 22. V. procera
13. Branches of the inflorescence stout; floral bracts only about half as
long as the sepals; leaves acute to acuminate.
24. Floral bracts very broadly acute to obtuse or truncate, usually
ecarinate.
25. Rhachis merely flexuous; flowers suberect. (Fig. 35.)
23. V. gigantea
25. Rhachis geniculate; flowers spreading.
26. Inflorescence narrow, many-branched; floral bracts mostly
straight along the apical half........... 96. V. geniculata
26. Inflorescence ample with few and elongate branches; floral
bracts gibbous near the middle............. 97. V. extensa
24. Floral bracts acute, carinate.
27. Rhachis scarcely if at all geniculate; floral bracts not more than
twice as long as the internodes at anthesis..... 98. V. regina
27. Rhachis strongly geniculate; floral bracts more than twice as
long as the internodes...............0000. 99. V. brasiliana
SUBKEY B
1. Inflorescence subcorymbose, only 45 mm. long, its primary bracts involucrate
below it; sepals 22 mm. long, much exceeding the floral bracts.
24. V. paradoxa
1. Inflorescence elongate, much exceeding its primary bracts.
2. Scape decurved; inflorescence pendulous; floral bracts suborbicular to
broadly ovate, much shorter than the sepals, membranaceous.
3. Axis of the inflorescence geniculate; leaves broadly rounded.
10. V. billbergioides
3. Axis of the inflorescence nearly straight; leaves subobtuse.
25. V. languida
2. Scape straight or ascending; inflorescence erect.
4. Primary bracts much exceeding the short naked sterile bases of the
branches; plants 3-8.5 dm. high.
5. Floral bracts about equaling the sepals, 28 mm. long, 2 to 3 times as
long as the internodes; branches spreading lax... 26. V. triligulata
5. Floral bracts much shorter than the sepals, 10-17 mm. long.
6. Leaf-blades spotted; bracts and sepals castaneous; inflorescence
dense;:tis branches erection .t4) wei dees 27. V. maculosa
6. Leaf-blades concolorous, green; bracts and sepals yellow; inflores-
cence lax, its branches spreading. (Fig. 31.)
11. V. rodigasiana
— ————— OO OOS
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH IOI
4. Primary bracts shorter than the long, usually bracteate, sterile bases of
the branches; plants 5-20 dm. high.
7. Floral bracts about equaling the internodes or slightly more; branches
usually spreading.
8. Leaves acuminate; stamens exserted......... 15. V. neoglutinosa
8. Leaves broadly acute or rounded and apiculate; stamens included.
22. V. procera
7. Floral bracts much exceeding the internodes; branches erect or
ascending.
9. Floral bracts sharply carinate; branches subequal... 28. V. stricta
9. Floral bracts ecarinate; the terminal branch much larger and with
a longer sterile base than the lateral ones....... 29. V. minarum
SUBKEY C
1. Floral bracts black from the first, fleshy; branches of the inflorescence with
elongate sterile bases bearing many remote bracts. (V. funebris, no. 1, is
accounted for here because its flowers are known in a very young stage
only and might become secund at maturity).
1. Floral bracts pale or at most dark castaneous, never black or fleshy.
2. Scape-bracts (or at least the upper ones) shorter than the internodes.
3. Sterile base of the branch much longer than the fertile part; rhachis
less than 2 mm. thick; inflorescence very lax; floral bracts ovate,
half as long as the sepals, membranaceous; sepals 15 mm. long, nar-
BN! CAVINALE! Sats N Realy Zale atetatel dee bused Damen 30. V. sparsiflora
3. Sterile base of the branch relatively short; rhachis stout; inflorescence
dense; floral bracts very broad; sepals ecarinate.
4. Leaf-sheaths dark castaneous; scape-bracts half as long as the inter-
MOGES SEPALS 2A IM LONE. 'sss sce wee cstes ete a meters 31. V. crassa
4. Leaf-sheaths pale; scape-bracts only a little shorter than the inter-
Hoacs: sepals 22"mim: long... vise ee eee cee ee 32. V. densiflora
2. Scape-bracts equaling or exceeding all of the internodes.
5. Branches laxly flowered; floral bracts distinctly less than twice as long
as the internodes.
6. Branches of the inflorescence very slender, at most barely exceeding
2 mm. in diameter; floral bracts membranaceous.
7. Floral bracts much shorter than the sepals; inflorescence much
branched.
8. Branches to 50 cm. long, many-flowered; floral bracts ovate,
acute; sepals acute, 25 mm. long. (Fig. 36.)
33. V. philippocoburgii
8. Branches 8-12 cm. long, few-flowered; floral bracts ovate to semi-
orbicular, obtuse; sepals obtuse, 13 mm. long.
9. V. leptantha
7. Floral bracts about equaling the 23 mm. long sepals, broadly elliptic,
acute; inflorescence few-branched............. 34. V. delicatula
6. Branches of the inflorescence stout, much more than 2 mm. in di-
ameter; floral bracts coriaceous, much exceeded by the sepals.
9. Sepals acute.
102 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
10. Primary bracts with distinct elongate blades; inflorescence much
branched.
11. Floral bracts ovate, loosely and incompletely sheathing the
base of the flower, becoming slightly if at all secund, sulcate
when dry with a broad thin margin; sepals oblong, to 37 mm,
long, about 3 times as long as broad. (Fig. 35.)
23. V. gigantea
11. Floral bracts suborbicular, tightly and completely sheathing
the base of the flower, becoming secund, even; sepals lance-
ovate, 30 mm. long, about twice as long as broad.
35. V. morrenii
10. Primary bracts bladeless, inconspicuous; inflorescence few-
branched; sepals 26 nim. long.....cssss..0000 36. V. ruschii
9. Sepals obtuse.
12. Floral bracts 32 mm. long, about twice as long as the internodes;
sepals elliptic, wi iet.97. )iiwiis sig vienna avis 37. V. hoehneana
12. Floral bracts 25 mm. long, about equaling the internodes; sepals
broadly elliptic. (Fig. 38.).............% 38. V. amazonica
5. Branches densely flowered; floral bracts twice as long as the internodes
or longer.
13. Floral bracts drying dark castaneous except for the apex or the
margins.
14. Sepals acute; floral bracts broadly ovate, acute, pale and slightly
rugulose near the apex, 3-8 cm. long, usually much exceeding
Pe tReA IS! cols cee eit ales s.c.a.s are hare thee 39. V. longicaulis
14. Sepals obtuse; floral bracts suborbicular with narrow pale margins,
2-3 cm. long, usually shorter than the sepals... 40. V. itatiaiae
13. Floral bracts usually green or yellow, sometimes red or pale brown,
but always pale on drying.
15. Sepals much exceeded by the sharply carinate laterally compressed
floral bracts, 20 mm. long, 8 mm. wide..... 14. V. brusquensis
15. Sepals always somewhat exserted above the floral bracts.
16. Inflorescence few-branched, the terminal branch with an elongate
sterile base almost completely covered by bracts.
17. Sepals up to 35 mm. long; floral bracts barely twice as long
as the internodes; plant generally 2 m. or taller. (Fig. 37.)
37. V. hoehneana
17. Sepals 20-27 mm. long; floral bracts 2.5 to 3.5 times as long
as the internodes; plant 6-12 dm. tall.... 41. V. longiscapa
16. Inflorescence many-branched, the terminal branch not much
different from the others.
18. Leaves ornamented with dark purple irregular transverse
bands; floral bracts broadly ovate, carinate; sepals narrowly
elliptic, 25 mm. long, much exserted. (Fig. 39.)
42. V. hieroglyphica
18. Leaves without purple bands but sometimes with narrow dark
green lines.
19. Flowers downwardly secund.
20. Branches 4-8-flowered, short, very slender; sepals 20 mm.
long.
'
i
I
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 103
21. Sepals barely exceeding the floral bracts; branches
eprophyllate. ...... Saslelele oat 43. V. penduliflora
21. Sepals about twice as long as the floral bracts; branches
prophyllate. (Fig. 40.).... 44. V. segadas-viannae
20. Branches many-flowered, elongate, rather stout; sepals
28-34 mm. long.
22. Floral bracts 3 to 4 times as long as the internodes, re-
maining imbricate, obtusely carinate; leaf-blades con-
One Bierai8 5 cid ac cix sere ide w a 45. V. hydrophora
22. Floral bracts scarcely more than twice as long as the
internodes, faintly or not at all carinate; leaf-blades
marked with dark green cross-lines,
46. V. pastuchoffiana
19. Flowers upwardly secund; leaves acuminate; sepals 35-40
mm. long.
23. Rhachis strongly geniculate; only a few flowers secund.
99. V. brasiliana
23. Rhachis merely flexuous; all the flowers secund.
100. V. imperialis
SUBKEY D
1. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, acuminate; floral bracts sparsely lepidote.
2. Floral bracts carinate, 30 mm. long, distinctly exceeding the sepals.
47. V. biguassuensis
2. Floral bracts not carinate, 25 mm. long, about equaling the sepals.
48. V. triangularis
1. Leaf-blades ligulate, abruptly acute or rounded and apiculate.
3. Sepals (or at least the lowest ones) exceeding the very broad floral
bracts, 34-40 mm. long.
4. Inflorescence many-flowered, to 27 cm. long, exceeding the leaves; floral
Hracts scarcely or not.at all carinate........% vsjeseee~< 49. V. gradata
4. Inflorescence few-flowered, 6-12 cm. long, about equaling the leaves;
Hotal Hracts sharply carinate. ... ./..0- «s<a<cdecwabewes 50. V. modesta
3. Sepals equaling the floral bracts or shorter.
5. Inflorescence lax; flowers erect and appressed to the rhachis; floral bracts
to 45 mm. long, scarcely twice as long as the internodes, equaling the
sepals, obtuse, ecarinate, strongly nerved......... 51. V. pauciflora
5. Inflorescence dense or subdense; flowers imbricate; floral bracts much
more than twice as long as the internodes.
6. Floral bracts dark castaneous except near the apex, slightly and ob-
tusely carinate, 3-8 cm. long..........ssesesss 39. V. longicaulis
6. Floral bracts pale or brightly colored, green, yellow, or red.
7. Apical half of the floral bract spreading and not imbricate even
before anthesis; keel of the floral bracts straight or concave
toward the base, convex toward the apex; inflorescence broadly
rounded at the apex. (Fig. 41.)
8. Floral bracts acuminate, 60-70 mm. long.
52. V. erythrodactylon
8. Floral bracts broadly acute, about 45 mm. long.
53. V. heliconioides
104 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
7. Apical half (as well as the remainder) of the floral bract imbricate
until after anthesis; keel of the floral bracts evenly convex;
inflorescence usually acute. (Fig. 42.)
9. Floral bracts densely lepidote with appressed cinereous scales,
45 mm. long, sharply carinate; flowers malodorous.
54. V. vulpinoidea
9. Floral bracts glabrous or very sparsely and obscurely lepidote.
10. Margins of the floral bracts with a strong almost semicircular
curve; sepals broadly convex.
11. Inflorescence subterete; floral bracts slightly and obtusely
carinate near the apex, inflated, rose, to 42 mm. long.
55. V. rhodostachys
11. Inflorescence strongly complanate; floral bracts sharply
carinate.
12. Floral bracts with obtusely angled margins, bright red
with broad yellow margins, 45-60 mm. long; inflores-
cence oblong to linear, 15-40 cm. long.
56. V. incurvata
12. Floral bracts with evenly curved margins, 40-50 mm. long;
inflorescence usually lanceolate or elliptic.
13. Inflorescence very dense; each floral bract more than
half covered by the one below it, red with yellow or
green margins, its keel slightly curved.
57. V. inflata
13. Inflorescence subdense; each floral bract less than half
covered by the one below it, orange, its keel strongly
CULVER Tan ree ccecb sents 58. V. petropolitana
10. Margins of the floral bracts lightly curved. (Fig. 42.)
14. Floral bracts 6-8 cm. long, 2 to 3 times as long as the broadly
convex sepals, wholly red or green..... 59. V. splendens
14. Floral bracts not over 5 cm. long, about twice as long as
the carinate sepals at most, mostly bicolorous.
15. Inflorescence subquadrate, almost as broad as long; scape
wery Slender “CR ig, aa)... cescancncn 60. V. carinata
15. Inflorescence much longer than broad; scape stouter.
16. The inflorescence much exceeding the leaves, 16-26 cm.
long, much more than 3 times as long as broad; floral
bracts 45-50 mm. long; sepals narrowly elliptic, ob-
tuSe' Or OMlaAreitiate:. sc... e csc es 61. V. duvaliana
16. The inflorescence barely or not exceeding the leaves,
Ir cm. long, much less than 3 times as long as broad;
floral bracts 40 mm. long; sepals lance-ovate, acute.
62. V. paraibica
SUBKEY E
1. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, acuminate.
2. Rhachis less than 2 mm. in diameter; flowers slender, spreading; floral
bracts 18-25 mm. long, about equaling the sepals, membranaceous.
7. V. lubbersii
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 105
2. Rhachis 6-7 mm. in diameter; flowers stout, suberect; floral bracts 20 mm.
long, much shorter than the sepals, fleshy-coriaceous.
63. V. goniorachis
1. Leaf-blades linear, ligulate, or lance-triangular.
3. Flowers merely divergent at anthesis; upper scape-bracts shorter than
the internodes; floral bracts much shorter than the sepals.
4. Pedicels slender, 8 mm. long; sepals subacute, 25-30 mm. long.
64. V. amethystina
4. Pedicels very short; sepals obtuse, 16-18 mm. long.
5. Leaf-blades lance-triangular, almost the same length as the sheaths,
ont: Mais (Sa ee oa i ed 65. V. lancifolia
5. Leaf-blades linear, several times longer than the sheaths, 13 mm. wide.
66. V. parviflora
3. Flowers spreading to reflexed at anthesis.
6. Floral bracts with truncate bases, usually bright red or yellow, sometimes
pale green.
7. The floral bracts from about the same length as the internodes to
twice as long, from slightly shorter than the sepals to equaling
them; rhachis slender, flexuous, its internodes more or less curved;
inflorescence few-flowered. (Fig. 43.)
8. Sepals 35-40 mm. long; floral bracts about twice as long as the
internodes; scape-bracts all imbricate; stamens exserted.
67. V. psittacina
8. Sepals to 25 mm. long; floral bracts about equaling the internodes;
scape-bracts nearly all shorter than the internodes in this variety
with a simple inflorescence; stamens included.... 22. V. procera
7. The floral bracts mostly 3 times as long as the internodes or more;
rhachis stout, straight or geniculate with straight internodes; in-
florescence usually many-flowered. (Fig. 44.)
9. Floral bracts recurved toward the apex and with undulate margins,
ample, to 55 mm. long, enfolding and exceeding the sepals.
68. V. recurvata
9. Floral bracts straight or slightly incurved toward the apex.
10. The floral bracts sharply carinate, the keel incurved toward the
apex, nerved; sepals 20-30 mm. long..... 69. V. morreniana
10. The floral bracts slightly if at all carinate, the keel nearly
straight; sepals 30-40 mm. long.
11. Sepals exserted; floral bracts suborbicular, rather thin, only
the lowest spreading and not imbricate..... 49. V. gradata
11. Sepals included; floral bracts narrower, coriaceous, all spread-
ine withwace.s) (Hig. .44..)), <teiie smnssinaates 70. V. ensiformis
6. Floral bracts with decurrent auricles at base, usually dull green; stamens
included so far as known.
12. Sepals 45 mm. long, narrow, much exserted; floral bracts recurved
toward the apex, acute, subchartaceous; leaves densely marked
with spots or lines or both together........... 71. V. fenestralis
12. Sepals 20-33 mm. long; floral bracts from nearly straight to incurved.
13. Floral bracts coriaceous, smooth and even when dry, not at all
fleshy.
106 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
14. The floral bracts dark castaneous with pale margins, from
slightly shorter to slightly longer than the sepals.
72. V. atra
14. The floral bracts wholly dull green or with dark margins.
15. Sepals very broad, distinctly less than half exserted from the
floral bracts if at all; plants robust.
16. Scape-bracts imbricate; leaves concolorous or transversely
marked with dark irregular green lines; flowers spreading
at anthesis; sepals broadly ovate, acute or subacute. (Fig.
AS) ets ertshsa ely «sabe o.o0:0 o> coent aegten 73. V. jonghii
16. Scape-bracts shorter than the upper internodes; leaves trans-
versely marked with purple lines; flowers reflexed at an-
thesis; sepals broadly elliptic, obtuse... 74. V. fosteriana
15. Sepals narrowly elliptic or suboblong, much longer than broad,
about half exserted; flowers usually reflexed at anthesis.
CR AO re eee eat.) ok we,5 6.4 wim ales 75. V. platynema
13. Floral bracts fleshy or subchartaceous, becoming rugose or nerved
when dry; sepals mostly much exserted from the floral bracts.
17. The floral bracts fleshy, becoming rugose when dry; rhachis stout.
18. Sepals acute, to 35 mm. long; floral bracts obtusely carinate.
76. V. wawranea
18. Sepals subobtuse, 25-44 mm. long; floral bracts convex,
ecarinate.
19. Inflorescence covered with a strongly glutinous material;
floral bracts broadly ovate, imbricate before anthesis,
usually with dark margins........... 77. V. bituminosa
19. Inflorescence dry; floral bracts elliptic, never imbricate,
PConcolasuseligartes. cus sinoainnee asides a 78. V. regnellii
17. The floral bracts subchartaceous, becoming nerved when dry;
rhachis slender ; sepals 22 mm. long, obtuse; upper scape-bracts
slightly shorter than the internodes......... 29. V. minarum
SUBKEY F
1. Leaf-blades marked on the upper or both sides with dark spots, broadly
rounded; floral bracts farinaceous, 30-40 mm. long.
2. Floral bracts imbricate and concealing the rhachis, broader than long,
equaling the sepals: cts. cement regsss ceeds uc ss 79. V. pardalina
2. Floral bracts enfolding the spreading flowers and thus exposing the rhachis,
broadly ovate, equaling or shorter than the sepals....... 80. V. guttata
1. Leaf-blades concolorous, pale green.
3. Floral bracts imbricate and concealing the rhachis, 50-55 mm. long, ex-
ceeding the sepalay: i.e io. a ei oe aie vs wae Ui tae veh 81. V. obliqua
3. Floral bracts spreading and exposing the rhachis at anthesis.
-4. The floral bracts laterally compressed, sharply carinate, incurved, to
40 mm. long, slightly shorter than the sepals....... 82. V. retroflexa
4. The floral bracts not compressed, slightly if at all carinate, usually much
shorter than the sepals; pedicels slender, 8-20 mm. long.
5. Floral bracts much more than half as wide as long, 35-45 mm. long,
their margins much overlapping behind the sepals... 83. V. simplex
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 107
5. Floral bracts not more than half as wide as long, not over 35 mm.
long, their margins overlapping little if at all. (Fig. 47.)
84. V. scalaris
SUBKEY G
1. Inflorescence dense; floral bracts more than twice as long as the internodes.
2. Floral bracts strongly compressed, sharply carinate, bright red with green
margins, thin, 34 mm. long, about equaling the carinate sepals.
85. V. interrogatoria
2. Floral bracts not compressed, obtusely if at all carinate, green or casta-
neous, usually coriaceous.
3. Scape-bracts shorter than the internodes; floral bracts 35 mm. long,
exceeded by the sepals, castaneous, sublustrous... 86. V. clausseniana
3. Scape-bracts exceeding the internodes.
4. Floral bracts castaneous and coriaceous except for the rugulose pale
thin apical third, 3-8 cm. long, usually much exceeding the sepals.
39. V. longicaulis
4. Floral bracts green or stramineous, mostly uniform.
5. The floral bracts obtusely carinate; leaves broadly acute or rounded
and apiculate.
6. Sepals 20-27 mm. long; floral bracts 2.5 to 3.5 times as long as
the internodes; plants 6-12 dm. high....... 41. V. longiscapa
6. Sepals 34 mm. long; floral bracts barely twice as long as the
internodes; plant usually 2 m. high or more.
37. V. hoehneana
5. The floral bracts ecarinate, evenly convex.
7. Leaves acuminate; floral bracts becoming secund with the flowers ;
Sepals Ta aao. mar, Langa iws de acgecoeewte 87. V. viridiflora
7. Leaves broadly rounded and apiculate; floral bracts never secund;
sepalattaves tam: lorie. ysis. 58 Saeelee 88. V. unilateralis
I. Inflorescence lax; floral bracts distinctly less than twice as long as the
internodes.
8. Scape-bracts (or at least the upper ones) shorter than the internodes;
sepals 25-28 mm. long, much exserted, elliptic, obtuse.
9. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, acuminate; floral bracts obtuse, ecari-
AARC SMe rere tee that rct sin aves wie; a: © aid easels. aud siavaionetaneteeetenet 89. V. brassicoides
9. Leaf-blades ligulate, broadly rounded and apiculate; floral bracts acute,
ReRNGRce u ante aby c/a ia <4 o ai0)0 ani do, on a ae 90. V. platzmannii
8. Scape-bracts all imbricate.
10. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, long-acuminate, not over 30 mm. wide;
floral bracts lepidote, 24 mm. long, much exceeded by the sepals.
or. V. oligantha
10. Leaf-blades ligulate, acute or rounded and apiculate or sometimes short-
acuminate, 15-80 mm. wide.
11. Plants less than 1 m. high; scape slender; floral bracts ecarinate.
12. Floral bracts to 35 mm. long, nearly twice as long as the internodes ;
leaf-blades concolorous; sepals 24 mm. long.
88. V. unilateralis
12. Floral bracts 18 mm. long, barely exceeding the internodes; leaf-
blades dark-spotted; sepals 18 mm. long........ 92. V. racinae
108 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
11. Plants 1-2 m. or higher; scape stout; floral bracts obtusely carinate
toward the apex.
13. Floral bracts 32 mm. long, about twice as long as the internodes;
sepals, elliptic! MIE 37.) San cis' k's 2 oS 2 ee 37. V. hoehneana
13. Floral bracts 25 mm. long, about equaling the internodes; sepals
very broadly elliptic. (Fig. 38.)............ 38. V. amazonica
SUBKEY H
1. Scape-bracts all bearing recurved elongate blades; inflorescence simple, dense,
few-fOwered, -A-O nC: MON Geese wale ales sysis ec ais su ciple 93. V. poenulata
1. Scape-bracts bearing erect blades, those of the upper ones very short.
2. Inflorescence dense except at base; flowers in about 4 ranks, mostly sub-
erect: Hlotal Bracts iailapeme secret eee oclain cis wie sian ele 94. V. flammea
2. Inflorescence or its branches lax; flowers in slightly more than 2 ranks,
all divergent or spreading at anthesis; floral bracts closely enfolding
the sepals. (ie: ASS) ae ee eee ieee: oth asa «50 95. V. corcovadensis
Subgenus Vriesia
(Subgenus Euvriesia Mez)
(Subgenus Cylindrostachys (Wittm.) Harms)
1. Vriesia funebris L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
Trp. Tee) LOAs:
Espirito SANTO: Cuibica, Foster 896 (GH, type, US neg. 4079).
2. Vriesia gravisiana Wittm. Gartenflora 39: 404, figs. 81, 82. 1890.
Brazit: Cultivated, Atkinson 104 (GH).
3. Vriesia sincorana Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 418. 1913.
Baia: Serra do Sincora, Ule 7131 (B, type, F neg. 11470).
4. Vriesia rubra (R. & P.) Beer, Bromel. 98. 1857.
Tillandsia rubra R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 40, pl. 266. 1802.
Vriesia albiflora Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 141. 1907.
Tillandsia rhododactyla Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:76. 1919.
Acre: Rio Jurua-Mirim, Ule 5615 (MG, type collection of Vriesia albiflora
Ule).
Atso: TRINIDAD, BritisH GUIANA, CoLoMBIA, PERU.
5. Vriesia schwackeana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 590. 1806.
BraziL: Cultivated, Foster (US); 511 (GH).
Minas Gerats: Ouro Preto, Schwacke 9209 (B, type, F neg. 11469).
SAo Pauto: Mun. Sao Paulo: Parque do Estado, Hoehne (SP). Pirajussara,
Gehrt (SP).
6. Vriesia pinottii Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4:12, pl. 3.
1952.
ParanA: Guaratuba, Reitz 4023 (HBR, type) ; 5683 (! Reitz).
7. Vriesia lubbersii (Baker) E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:
533, Pl. 99. 1804.
Tillandsia lubbersii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 219. 1880.
BraziL: Cultivated, Binot (LG, basis of Morren Icon.?); EH. Morren Icon.
(K, type).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 10g
Espirtro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 256 (GH, R, US); 256-A (GH).
Minas Gerais: [Caldas], Regnell (R, S).
Rio pp JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Burchell 2354 (! Mez).
Distrito FEDERAL: Pao de Assucar, Schenck 3083 (! Mez).
SAo Pauto: Monte Alegre, Amparo, M. Kuhlmann 346 (SP).
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Reitz (HBR), 4280 (HBR).
8. Vriesia drepanocarpa (Baker) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 581. 1806.
Tillandsia drepanocarpa Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 41. 1888.
Vriesia dusentt L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98: 17, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4. 1932.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 797 (GH).
SAo Pauto: Burchell 3596 (K, type, US neg. 3979). Sao Paulo, Hoehne (GH,
Se).
ParanA: Guaratuba, Reitz 42609 (HBR). Jacarei, Dusén 10712-B (S, type
of Vriesia dusenii L. B. Smith).
SANTA CATARINA: Joinvile, Reitz 3758-k (! Reitz). Mun. Brusque: Morro
Santa Luzia, Reitz 3703 (HBR) ; 3759 (! Reitz) ; 4009 (HBR, US). Mun.
Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Seidel 4 (HBR).
9g. Vriesia leptantha Harms, Notizblatt 12: 532. 1935.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Pedra da Republica, Santo Antonio de Imbé, Brade & Santos
Lima 11586 (B, type; R). Alto da Republica, Santa Maria Madalena,
Santos Lima & Brade 14179 (RB, US neg. 4202).
10. Vriesia billbergioides E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 534,
pl. roo. 1894.
MSA NG-DLACtS IMDCICALE.. 6s). ice ase cece seca sect cee’ Var. a. billbergioides
I. Scape-bracts shorter than the internodes.................. Var. b. subnuda
toa. Vriesia billbergioides var. billbergioides.
Minas Gerais: Serra da Caparao, Brade 17124 (RB).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgios, Glaziow 2837 (P); 3630 (BR, isotype, GH
neg. 2801); Ule (R); 4141 (R). Petropolis, Glaziou 16466-a (P). Tere-
sopolis, Foster 994 (GH). Guarani, TeresOpolis, Brade 9320 (R).
SAo Pauto: Serra da Bocaina, Brade 21151 (RB).
1ob. Vriesia billbergioides var. subnuda L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio
de Janeiro 10: 147. IQ51.
Rio DE JANErRO: Pedra S. Joao, Serra dos Orgaos, Brade 16660 (US, type;
RB).
11. Vriesia rodigasiana E. Morr. Ill. Hortic. 29: 171, pl. 467. 1882. F1GurRE 31.
Tillandsia rodigasiana Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 138. 1888.
Tillandsia tweedieana Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 138. 1888.
Tillandsia citrina Baker, Handb. Bromel. 224. 18809.
Vriesia vitellina F. Mueller, Gartenflora 42: 738. 1893.
Vriesia tweedieana F. Mueller, Gartenflora 42: 738. 1893.
Brazit: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG, type?).
CearA: Bico Alto, Serra da Baturité, Ducke (MG).
Distrito FepERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 15465 (P); Tweedie 1342 (K, type
of Tillandsia tweedieana Baker, US neg. 4027).
SAo Pauto: Cubataio, L. B. Smith 2048 (B, F, GH, S). Rio Quilombo,
Doering (SP). Santos, Regnell 1-38 1/32 in part (S). Bertioga, Santos,
Hoehne & Gehrt (SP). Rio Buturoca, Santos, Mosén 3709 (S).
IIo SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
ParanA: Caioba, Foster 427 (GH, R); 429 (GH, R). Ipiranga, Serra do Mar,
Dusén 14736 (GH, S, US). Jacarei, Dusén (S, US). Morro Grande, M.
Kuhlmann (SP). Paranagua, Dusén 9798 (S). Porto Dom Pedro II,
Dusén 9875 (S). Mun. Morrétes: Rio Mae Catira, Hatschbach 2012
(US). Morrétes, Dusén 4357 (R, S).
Santa CATARINA: Brusque, Foster 2502 (US); Reitz 3102 (HBR); 3570
(HBR) ; 3600 (HBR); 4161 (HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Maracaja, Reitz
C-539 (GH, HBR). Peroba, Reitz C-478 (GH, HBR). Sanga da Anta,
Reitz C-1020 (HBR). Mun. Biguaci: Fachinal, Reitz C-934 (GH, HBR).
Mun. Blumenau: Garcia, Smith & Reitz 62908 (R, US). Mun. Jaragua do
Sul: Corupa, Seidel 20 (HBR); 22 (HBR).
12. Vriesia thyrsoidea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 556. 1894.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petropolis, Glaziou 16472 (US, isotype). Campo das Antas,
TeresOpolis, Emygdio, Pessoa & Gomes (R (US neg. 4198), US).
Fic. 31. Fic. 32.
Fic. 31.—Vriesia rodigasiana: a, Leaf, X %4; b, scape and inflorescence, X %4;
c, floral bract and flower, X I.
Fic. 32.—V riesia sceptrum: a, Lower primary bract, X 4;
b, spike, X 14; c, sepal, X 1.
13. Vriesia sceptrum Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 606. 1896. FIGURE 32.
Minas Gerals: Caldas, Mosén 4437 (S); Regnell I11-1254 in part (US, type;
5).
Rio ve JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 117, (GH); 1036 (US); L. B. Smith 1781
(GH); 1782 (GH).
S&ko Pauto: Campos do Jordao, Eugenio 3443 (GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP);
2901 (SP).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH Lit
14. Vriesia brusquensis Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4: 10,
pl. 2. 1952.
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Reitz 4539 (HBR). Mun. Brusque: Azambuja,
Reitz 3624 in part (HBR, type, US neg. 3600). Mun. Itajai: Luiz Alves,
Reitz 4677 (! Reitz).
15. Vriesia neoglutinosa Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 636. 1035.
Tillandsia glutinosa Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1225. 1830.
Vriesia glutinosa Wawra, It. Sax.-Cob. 167. 1883. Not Lindl. 1856.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Mun. Cabo Frio: Praia do Pontal, Cabo Frio, Smith &
Mus. R 6508 (R, US).
Distrito FepERAL: Botafogo, Martius (M, type). Pedra Dois Irmaos, L. B.
Smith 2145 (GH, S). Restinga da Itapeba, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Lutz
616 (GH, R, US). Rio de Janeiro, Foster 1143 (GH); Widgren (S).
Praia de Sernambetiba, Smith & Mus. R 6823 (R, US), 6830 (R, US).
SAo Pauto: Mun. Sao Paulo: Florestal, Foster 345 (GH, R).
ParanA: Caioba, Foster 444 (GH, US); M. Kuhlmann (GH, SP). Jacarei
Dusén (S, US); 9562 (S, US); 17040 (S, US); 17040-B (S, US).
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Brusque: Azambuja, Reitz Icon. (HBR).
16. Vriesia altodaserrae L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98:16, 1. 5, figs. 1,
241032.
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 358 (GH, US); Hoehne (SP); L. B.
Smith 1875 (GH, type) ; 1926 (GH, US). Boracéa, Ramalho (SP). Sao
Vicente, Santos, Mosén 3197 (S).
ParanA: Banhado, Dusén 9537 (S); 17496 (S, US). Guaratuba, Reitz 4273
(HBR). Estacgio Marumbi, Serra do Mar, Frenzel (Inst. Biol. Pesq.
Tec.) ; 497 (HBR). Ipiranga, Dusén 14414 (S, US).
Santa CATARINA: Blumenau, Reitz 4652 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 6280 (R,
US). Brusque, Reitz 3591 (HBR, US), 4079 (HBR). Mun. Jaragua:
Corupa, Reitz 4230 (HBR). Campo Alegre, Reitz 3718 (HBR). Imarui,
Reitz 4531 (HBR).
17. Vriesia muelleri Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67:7. 1901.
ParanA: Guaratuba, Inst. Malariologia in Reitz 3508 (! Reitz).
Santa Catarina: Blumenau, F. Mueller (B, type).
I have seen no complete material of this species, but from the description it
would seem possible that it is a hybrid of Vriesia philippocoburgu with V.
procera or V. friburgensis, the former accounting for the acute sepals and the
latter for the non-secund flowers.
18. Vriesia haematina L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
I: 117, pl. 123. 1043.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Teresdpolis, Foster 1013 (GH, type, US neg. 4076, 4077).
19. Vriesia saundersii (Carr.) E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:
540. 1894.
Encholirion saundersii Carr. Rev. Hortic. 44: 300. 1872.
Tillandsia saundersii C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1873, App. 4:
6. 1874.
Vriesia botafogensis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 536. 1804.
Brazit: Cultivated, Atkinson 116 (GH); Foster (GH) ; Dalliére (LG).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Niteroi, Foster 106 (GH).
L12 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Distrito FepERAL: Barra da Tijuca, Reitz 3910 (HBR). Botafogo, Glaziou
16466 (B, type of Vriesia botafogensis Mez; K, US neg. 4026).
20. Vriesia monacorum L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sado Paulo nov.
ser. 1: 119, pl. 127. 1043.
Minas Gerats: Mun. Santa Barbara: Mosteiro de Caraga, Foster 693 (GH,
type; US).
21. Vriesia friburgensis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 537. 1804.
1. Branches erect or suberect, inflorescence distinctly longer than broad.
2. Floral bracts all ecarinate, to 35 mm. long; flowers all spreading.
Var. a. friburgensis
2. Upper floral bracts carinate, about 25 mm. long; upper flowers often
ASTIOG TEATS, |i bisks Nay eRe MERI ook ok ae 6 ict nual a 5)'ovaleuate Var. b. paludosa
1. Branches spreading to arching-recurved, lax; flowers spreading.
Var. c. tucumanensis
Field studies show that the species is highly variable, even a single colony
having some individuals wholly lacking prophyllae on the branches and others
having them on nearly every branch. The same individual may have both
carinate and ecarinate floral bracts.
21a. Vriesia friburgensis var. friburgensis.
Vriesia tweedieana sensu F. Mueller, Gartenflora 42: 738. 1893, in part.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Glaziow 16467 (K (US neg. 4028), P, iso-
types).
ParANA: Jacarei, Dusén (S, US). Serra Sao Luiz, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Mun.
Piraquara: Campininha, Hatschbach 1857 (US).
Rio GRANDE po Sut: Cascata, Serra dos Tapes, Lindman A-779 (S). Sao
Salvador, Eugenio 124 (R).
2b. Vriesia friburgensis var. paludosa (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, Anais
Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4:68. 1952. FIGURE 33.
Vriesia paludosa L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
I: 110, pl. 128. 1043.
Vriesia saundersti sensu L. B. Smith, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues
2:26, 54. 1950, non E. Morr.
Sdo Pauto: Apiai, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Cotia to Una, Foster 383 (GH).
Guapiara, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Sao Paulo to Curitiba, km. 279, Foster
304 (GH).
ParaNA: Curitiba, Foster 459 (GH, type; R). Curitiba to Paranagua, Reitz
5763 (! Reitz). Sado Luiz, Foster 410 (GH).
SANTA CATARINA: Foster 2517 (US). Blumenau, Reitz 3590 (HBR). Campo
Alegre, Reitz 3906 (HBR). Laguna, Reitz & Klein 93 (HBR). Sao
Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3907 (HBR). Ribeirao Grande, Taid, Reitz 3903
(HBR). Serra do Mirador, Taid, Reitz 3958 (HBR, US). Mun. Araran-
gua: Curralinhos, Reitz C-900 (GH, HBR). Sombrio, Reitz C-400 (GH,
HBR). Mun. Brusque: Spitzkopf, Reitz 2303 (HBR, US). Mun. Floria-
nopolis: Canavieiras, Reitz 4265 (HBR). Mun. Itajai: Praia Braba, Reitz
2206 (HBR, US); 3871 (HBR); 3872 (HBR, prophyllate) ; 3873 (HBR,
US, eprophyllate) ; 39005 (HBR, US); 4103 (HBR, US); 4104 (HBR,
US); Reite & Foster 2296 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 6089 (R, RB, US).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH II3
Mun. Palhoga: Campo do Massiambu, Reitz 4985 (! Reitz). Mun. Porto
Belo: Canto Grande, Reitz (HBR, US) ; 3641 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Morro Sapucaia, Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 127 (R); 2212
(GH, HBR). Mun. Torres: Campo Bonito, Reitz 4412 (HBR); 4441
(HBR) ; Smith & Reitz 5834 (US).
21c. Vriesia friburgensis var. tucumanensis (Mez) L. B. Smith, Anais Bot.
Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4:68. 1952.
Vriesia tucumanensis Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 585. 1806.
Vriesia caldasiana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 607. 18096.
Vriesia argentinensis Spegazzini, Physis 3: 158. 1917.
Vriesia glutinosa Wawra var. viridis Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot.
Genéve 20: 319. IQIO.
Minas Gerais: Caldas, Henschen in Regnell III-1254 (US); Mosén 4436
(S); Regnell II-286 in part (S). Pouso Alegre, Hoehne (GH, SP).
SAo Pauto: Campinas, Viegas (IAC). Sao Paulo, Foster 347 (GH, R);
Hoehne (SP).
Paranda: Barracao, Reitz 4278 (! Reitz). Ipiranga, Dusén 3552 (R). Mor-
rétes, Dusén 4357 (R). Ponta Grossa, Dusén 2699 (S).
Santa Catarina: Mun. Chapeco: Dionisio Cerqueira, Reitz 4281 (! Reitz).
Mun. Itajai: Praia Braba, Reitz 4102 (HBR, US).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Sao Salvador, Eugenio 2213 (GH). Silveira Martins,
Val Veneta, Lindman A-1331 (S).
22. Vriesia procera (Mart. ex Schult.) Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 21.
1801.
1. Inflorescence amply paniculate; scape-bracts imbricate.
2. Floral bracts even, subcoriaceous, equaling the sepals or slightly shorter;
branches divergent to spreading, not twisted.
PRET ier WIT ACES PECEMEE erg. sa sss etek ce sane es ative Var. a. procera
§ Floral bracts ved withyellow apices... 0)s):. 03 ete endhe oi Var. b. rubra
2. Floral bracts nerved, membranaceous, much shorter than the sepals;
branches spreading to recurving, often twisted so that the flowers are
SECA Pe ate etn ROR eee AMS SC borhA oly dhs oR Var. c. tenuis
1. Inflorescence simple or subsimple; scape-bracts nearly all shorter than the
internodes ; some of the floral bracts incurved............. Var. d. debilis
22a. Vriesia procera var. procera. FIGURE 34.
Tillandsia procera Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1224. 1830.
Vriesia gracilis Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite. pl. 67. 1846.
Tillandsia gracilis Griseb. Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Goett. for 1864:17. 1865.
Tillandsia erectiflora Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 346. 1887.
Vriesia catharinensis F. Mueller, Gartenflora 42: 738. 1803.
Vriesia procera var. gracilis Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 540. 1894.
Tillandsia viscidula Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 328. 1922.
Braziu: Boog (K, type of Tillandsia erectiflora Baker, GH neg. 1630).
Praui: Luetzelburg (! Mez).
CearA: Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Paraisa: Areia, Vasconcellos 150 (RB). Campina Grande, Foster 2407 (US).
PrerNAMBUCO: Iguaracu, Ridley & Ramage (! Mez). Palmares, Santa Tere-
sinha, Pickel 3436 (IPA).
II4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 67 (GH, R). Rio Itaipé, Martius (M, type).
Maracas, Ule 7018 (! Mez). Milagres to Maracas, Foster 2442 (US).
Espirito SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 185 (GH).
Rio bE JANEIRO: Surui, Foster 326 (GH, R). Teresdpolis, Sampaio 3366 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Baixada Fluminense, Lutz 1340 (R). Praia de Grumari,
near Guaratiba, Smith & Mus. R 6536 (R, US). Restinga Recreio dos
Bandeirantes, Lutz 1454 (GH). Rio de Janeiro, Foster 494 (GH) ; Gaudi-
chaud 365 (P, type of Vriesia gracilis Gaud., GH neg. 3046) ; 369 in part
(P).
Fic. 33. ‘ Fic. 34.
Fic. 33—Vriesia friburgensis var. paludosa: a, Habit, X 1/50; b, primary
bract and spike, X %4; c, sepals, XI.
Fic. 34.—Vriesia procera var. procera: a, Habit, X %; b, flower, X1.
(Both after Gaudichaud.)
SAo Pauto: Santos, Regnell I-38 1/32 in part (S). Sao Vicente, Santos,
Mosén 3710 (S).
ParanA: Caioba, Foster 436 (GH); 501 (GH). Guaratuba, Reitz 4275
(HBR); Smith & Reitz 5725 (R, US). Jacarei, Dusén 15481 (GH, S);
15835 (S).
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, F. Mueller (! Mez); Reitz 3654-a (! Reitz).
Canto Grande, Pérto Belo, Reitz 3619 (HBR, US). Joinvile, Reitz 3900
(HBR). Laguna, Reitz & Klein 95 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5046 (US).
Mun. Florianopolis: Cacupé, Reitz 3520 (HBR). Mun. Palhoca: Campo
de Massiambu, Reitz & Klein 858 (! Reitz).
Aso: TRINIDAD, GUIANA, ARGENTINA.
22b. Vriesia procera var. rubra L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo
nov. ser. 2: 197. 1952.
Espiriro SANTO: Itapemirim, Foster 166 (US, type, GH).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH II5
22c. Vriesia procera var. tenuis L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo
nov. ser. I: 121. 1043.
Tillandsia gracilis Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesselsch. 18: 325, pl. 10,
figs. 7-ITI. 1900.
Tillandsia ernestii Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 636. 1035.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Ule 4950 (B, type of Tillandsia gracilis Ule).
DistrRITO FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Burchell 2354 (K, US neg. 4129).
Sho Pauto: Mun. Sao Paulo: Florestal, Foster 352 (GH, R). Pirajussara,
Gehrt (SP); Gehrt in L. B. Smith 1820 (GH, type). Santo Amaro, Roth
(SP). Sao Paulo, Gehrt (GH) ; Loefgren 2942 (SP).
22d. Vriesia procera var. debilis Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:540. 1804.
Espirito SANTO: (Bananal), Vianna Freire 47 (R, US).
Distriro FEDERAL: Restinga da Lagoa Freitas, Ule 4047 (! Mez). Rio de
Janeiro, Mikan (W, type).
Brazi_: Jardim Botanico Rio 599 (RB, US neg. 3262).
23. Vriesia gigantea Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite fl. 70 (except the base of the
inflorescence erroneously shown as simple). 1846. FIGURE 35.
Tillandsia gigantea Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 597. 1864.
Tillandsia tessellata Linden, Catal. 9. 1873.
Vriesia tessellata E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 32: 381, pls. 14-16. 1882.
Tillandsia reticulata Baker, Gard. Chron. ser. 3. 1: 140. 1887.
Vriesia reticulata Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:557. 1804.
Vriesia mosenii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:558. 1804.
Brazit: Dusén (GH). Cultivated, Hort. Makoy (LG).
Espiriro Santo: Mun. Collatina: Linhares, Foster 788 (GH, US). Monte
Claro, Foster 230 (GH, R).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Cantagallo, Glaziou 15467 (P). Old road below Petrdpolis,
Smith & Mus. R 6499 (R, US).
SAo Pauto: Santos, Mosén 3247 (S). Sao Vicente, Santos, L. B. Smith 2100
(GH, S). Mun. Sado Paulo: Hoehne (GH, SP). Florestal, Foster 346
tGH, RUS):
ParanA: Caioba, Foster 431 (GH, US); M. Kuhlmann (SP, US). Guaratuba,
Reitz 4244 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5729 (R, RB, US). Jacarei, Dusén
11763 (GH, S, US).
SANTA CaTARINA: Itajai, Reitz 4242 (HBR). Laguna, Reitz & Klein 96
(HBR). Serra do Mirador, Taid, Reitz 3964 (! Reitz). Mun. Araquari:
Itajuba, Reitz 4243 (HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz C-1009 (GH,
HBR); 4664 (HBR). Mun. Blumenau: Blumenau, Reitz 4246 (HBR).
Garcia, Reitz 4648 (HBR) ; Smith & Reitz 6301 (R, US). Mun. Brusque:
Azambuja, Reitz 3531 (HBR). Brusque, Reitz 3593 (HBR). Mun.
Florianépolis: Ponta Grossa, Reitz 4366 (HBR). Ilha de Santa Catarina,
Gaudichaud 127 (P, type (GH neg. 3028), B (F neg. 11467)). Mun,
Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Reitz 4245 (HBR); Seidel 17 (! Reitz). Mun.
Palhoca: Campo de Massiambu, Reitz 4957 (! Reitz).
Rio GRANDE Do Sut: Cultivated, Bull (K, type of Tillandsia reticulata Baker,
GH neg. 2657). Esteio, Rambo (US). Lagoa dos Quadros near Torres,
Rambo (US). Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 126 in part (R). Sao Salvador,
Eugenio 2235 (GH). Mun. Porto Alegre: Gloria, Orth (SP).
24. Vriesia paradoxa Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 604. 1896.
Baia: Luschnath (B, type).
116 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
25. Vriesia languida L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1: 118, pl. 125, fig. I. 1943.
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 301 (GH, type, US neg. 4075); 845
(GH).
26. Vriesia triligulata Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:541. 1804.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Glaziou 16469 (B, type, F neg. 11471).
27. Vriesia maculosa Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 418. 1913.
Bafa: Serra de Sincora, Ule 7120 (B, type, F neg. 11465).
28. Vriesia stricta L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1: 122, pl. 133. 1043.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipd, Foster 622 (GH, type
(US neg. 3544), US).
29. Vriesia minarum L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1: 118, pl. 126. 1943.
Minas Gerats: Mun. Caeté: Pico de Piedade, Foster 564 (GH, type, US
neg. 4064, 4065).
30. Vriesia sparsiflora L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 95: 48, pl. 10, figs.
[. 2. 1G3T:
Sao Pauto: Alto da Serra, Hoehne (SP, type).
31. Vriesia crassa Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 566, pl. 104. 1894.
Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipd, Duarte 2105 (RB, US). Mun. Caeté: Serra
Piedade, Foster 596 (GH, US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Glaziou 13261 (K, type, US neg. 4131). Mun,
Santa Maria Madalena: Desengano, Santos Lima & Brade 13248 (RB).
32. Vriesia densiflora Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 567. 1894.
BraziLt: Glaziou 15672b (B, type, F neg. 11462).
33. Vriesia philippocoburgii Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 219. 1880.
1. Plants without elongate rhizomes; leaf-blades 5-8 cm. wide.
Var. a. philippocoburgii
1. Plants with elongate rhizomes; leaf-blades much narrower.
Var. b. vagans
33a. Vriesia philippocoburgii var. philippocoburgii. Ficure 36.
Tillandsia philippocoburgii Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 138. 1888.
Brazit: Dusén 58/85 (S).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petrdépolis, Foster 36 (GH, R) ; Glaziow 16473 (P); Wawra
II-1 (W, type). Petropolis to Raiz da Serra, L. B. Smith 1324 (GH);
Smith & Mus. R 6497 (R, US). Soberbo to Guapi, Serra dos Orgaos,
L. B. Smith 1526 (GH). Teodoro de Oliveira to Nova Friburgo, Smith
& Mus. R 7111 (R, US). Teresdpolis, Sampaio (R).
Distrito FeperaAL: Morro Queimado, Duarte & Pereira (RB). Tijuca,
Glaziou 8017 (P); Lutz 1270 (R). Tijuca-Excelsior, Lutz 1447 (R).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 375 (GH, R). Santos, Mosén 3248 (C,
R, S). Rio Buturoca, Santos, Mosén 3492 (S). Ramal Mairink to Santos,
Lamber (GH, SP). Sao Paulo to Curitiba, km. 279 (near Apiai), Foster
398 (GH).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH DL 7
ParanA: Guaratuba, Smith & Reitz 5726 (R, US). Jacarei, Dusén (S) ; 9821
(S, US); 17704 (S). Matinhos, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Paranagua, Foster
| 443 (GH). Porto de Unido, Dusén 16121 (S).
| Santa CATARINA: Blumenau, F. Mueller (! Mez); Schenck 658 (! Mez).
Brusque, Reitz 3592 (HBR). Rio Itajai, Ule 545 (! Mez). Mun. Araran-
gua: Sanga da Anta, Reitz C-1019 (GH, HBR). Sombrio, Reitz C-495
(GH, HBR); C-1034 (HBR). Mun. Bom Retiro: Campo dos Padres,
Fic. 35—Vriesia gigantea: a, Habit (after Belgique Horticole), 1/40;
b, section of spike, X 1; c, sepal, X 1.
Fic. 36—Vriesia philippocoburgii var. philippocoburgii: a, Apex of leaf, KX %;
b, branch, X %; c, floral bract and flower, X 1. (All after Wawra.)
Reitz 2634 (HBR). Mun. Canoinhas: Papanduva, Reitz 3981 (HBR).
Mun. Floriandpolis: Cacupé, Inst. Malariologia (HBR). Desterro [Floria-
nopolis], Schenck 235 (! Mez). Mun. Palhoga: Campo de Massiambu,
Reitz 4958 (! Reitz). Mun. Sado Joaquim: Rio das Contas, Reitz 3316
(HBR).
33b. Vriesia philippocoburgii var. vagans L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado
Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 121, pl. I3I. 1943.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Jaboticatubas: Vaccaria to Palacio, Serra do Cipd,
Foster 635 (GH).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 114 (GH, R). Petropolis, Foster 35 (GH);
339 (GH). Teresdpolis, Sampaio 2421 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Reitz 4277 (HBR).
118 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
SAo Pauto: Guapiara, M. Kuhlmann (SP, US). Sao Paulo to Curitiba, km.
279 (near Apiai), Foster 399 (GH, US).
ParANA: Guaratuba, Reitz 4251 (HBR); 4374 (HBR). Jacarei, Dusén 17195
(GH, ‘SP; ‘S).
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Biguaci: Fachinal, Reitz C-952 (HBR). Mun.
Brusque: Azambuja, Smith & Reitz 6142 (R, US). Brusque, L. B. Smith
5673 (R, US). Ribeirao do Ouro, Reitz 3636 (HBR). Mun. Palhoga:
Paulo Lopes, Reitz & Klein 102 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Lagoa dos Quadros near Torres, Rambo (US).
33c. X Vriesia philippocoburgii X ?
Rio pE JANEIRO: Old road below Petrdpolis, Smith & Mus. R 6457 (R, US).
Serra do Imbé, Pedra da Republica, Brade & Santos Lima 11587 (R).
Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Reitz 3654-a (HBR, with V. rodigasiana?).
Mun. Bom Retiro: Morro da Igreja, Reitz 2070 (HBR, US).
Rro GRANDE po Sut: Mun. Sao Francisco de Paula: Taimbé, Rambo (US).
34. Vriesia delicatula L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado S40 Paulo nov. ser.
1:58, pl. 76. 1041.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 205 (GH, type; R).
35. Vriesia morrenii Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 219. 1880.
Vriesia morenii var. disticha Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 220. 1880.
Tillandsia morrenit Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 139. 1888.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 280 (R).
Minas Gerais: Araponga, Bailey 1097 (BH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Parque Nacional, Serra dos Orgaos, Smith & Brade 5643
(US). Itatiaia, Brade 20185 (RB). Petrépolis, Wawra II-72 (W, type).
Teresopolis, Wawra II-350 (W).
36. Vriesia ruschii L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1:50, pl. 78. 1941.
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster & Ruschi 311 (GH, type (US neg.
4067), R); 799 (GH).
37. Vriesia hoehneana L. B. Smith, Proc. Amer. Acad. 68: 150, fl. 1, figs.
II-I3. 1933. FIGURE 37.
Vriesia tessellata sensu Hoehne, Album da Seccao de Botanica do Museu
Paulista 97, fig. 1925. Not E. Morr.
So Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 369 (GH) ; Hoehne (GH, SP); Hoehne &
Gehrt (SP); L. B. Smith 1945 (GH, type; US). Campo Grande, Hoehne
(GH, SP).
38. Vriesia amazonica (Baker) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 554. 1804.
FIcuRE 38.
Tillandsia gigantea Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1224. 1830.
Tillandsia amazonica Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 108. 1888.
Vriesia gigantea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 566. 1894. Not Gaud.
1846.
Amazonas: Rio Negro, Martius (M, type of Tillandsia gigantea Mart. F
neg. 18751).
ParA: Belém, Burchell 9440 (K, type, GH neg. 2658) ; cultivated, Huber 2903
(MG). Rio Guama, Belém, Smith, Pires & Black 7120 (US).
no. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH Tig
Mato Grosso: Cascata do Angelim, Serra do Itapirapua, Lindman A-3517
£5).
Atso: GUIANA, TRINIDAD.
39. Vriesia longicaulis (Baker) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:542. 1804.
Tillandsia longicaulis Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 80. 1888.
Vriesia longicaulis var. secunda Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 543. 1804.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 111-A (GH); 833 (GH). Mun.
Castelo: Forno Grande, Brade 19854 (RB, US neg. 3347).
Minas Gerais: Vaccaria, Serra do Cipd, Foster 604 (GH).
Fic. 37. Fic. 38.
Fic. 37.—Vriesia hochneana: a, Habit, X 1/40; b, section of spike, X %;
€, sepal, X I.
Fic. 38.—Vriesia amazonica: a, Habit, X 1/40; b, section of spike, X %;
c, sepal, XI.
Rio bE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 111 (GH, R). Serra dos Orgios, Wawra
II-359 (W, type of Vriesia longicaulis var. secunda Mez). Petropolis,
Foster 506 (GH). Morro do Retiro, near Petrdpolis, Glaziow 8988 (K,
type, US neg. 3986). Teresdpolis, Foster 978 (GH, US); 1026 (GH).
SAo Pauto: Serra da Bocaina, Brade 21152 (RB).
Santa Catarina: Mun. Itajai: Morro do Bat, Reitz 4185 (HBR); 5179
(! Reitz).
40. Vriesia itatiaiae Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 221. 1880.
Tillandsia itatiaiae Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 110. 1888.
Vriesia schenckiana Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 20. 1891.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Alto dos Orgaos, near Petrdépolis, Glaziou 3631 (P); 4264
(P); 16470 (P). Itatiaia, Dusén 2199 (S); Foster 115 (GH, R) ; Lueder-
waldt (SP, GH neg. 7108); L. B. Smith 1502 (GH); 1703 (B, BA, BM,
I20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
F, GH, K, P, S, US); 1738 (GH); Ule 289 (R); Wawra II-463 (W,
type).
41. Vriesia longiscapa Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 18: 323. 1900.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 259 (GH, R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Meio da Serra, L. B. Smith & Brade 2293 (GH). Nova
Friburgo, Ule 4956 (B, type, F neg. 11464). Petropolis, Foster 338 (GH,
R). Teresopolis, Foster 979 (GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Wilkes Expedition (GH).
42. Vriesia hieroglyphica (Carr.) E. Morr. Ill. Hortic. 31: 41, pl. 514. 1884.
FIGURE 30.
Massangea hieroglyphica Carr. Rev. Hortic. 50: 175, figs. 33, 34. 1878.
Tillandsia hieroglyphica Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 110. 1888.
BraziL: Cultivated, Liége (LG).
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 300 (GH, R, US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Alto Macaé near Petropolis, Glaziou 16468 (P).
Distrito FEDERAL: Quinta, cultivated, Glaziou 14343 (P).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Hoehne (GH, SP); L. B. Smith 2019 (B, GH,
S). Ramal Mairink to Santos, Lamber (SP).
ParanA: Rio do Meio, Dusén (S).
43. Vriesia penduliflora L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 1: 120, pl. 129. 10943.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 135 (GH, type, US neg. 4072).
44. Vriesia segadas-viannae L. B. Smith, p. 35, fig. 40.
Minas Gerats: Mun. Jaboticatubas: Palacio, Serra do Cipd, Smith & Mus. R
6755 (US, type).
45. Vriesia hydrophora Ule, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 10: 189. 1899;
Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 17:2. 1890.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Ule 4652 (B, type, F neg. 11463). Serra
Cavallo, Teresépolis, Brade 9849 (R, US).
46. Vriesia pastuchoffiana Glaziou ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 564.
1894.
Distrito FepErAL: Morro Queimado, Glaziow 11684 (B, type; C (F neg.
22338), NY). Quinta, Glaziou (GH).
47. Vriesia biguassuensis Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4: 8,
pl. I. 1952.
SANTA CaTARINA: Mun. Biguagt: Fachinal, Reitz 4134 (HBR, type).
48. Vriesia triangularis Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4: 15,
pl. 4. 1952.
Santa Catarina: Mun. Imarui: Vargem do Cedro, Reitz 4279 (HBR, type).
49. Vriesia gradata (Baker) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 523. 1894.
Tillandsia gradata Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 105. 1888.
R10 DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Ferreira 1799 (GH). Petropolis, Glazsiou 15473 (K,
type (US neg. 3984), C (F neg. 22336) ).
SAo Pauto: Santos, Mosén 3712 (S).
50. Vriesia modesta Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67: 7. root.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 302 (GH).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH I2I
Minas Gerais: Serra da Mantiqueira, Magelhaes 1020 (B, type, F neg. 11466).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Santa Maria Madalena, Voll (RB, US neg. 3261).
51. Vriesia paucifiora Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:72. 19109.
Distrito FEDERAL: Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Ule 4048 (B, type).
52. Vriesia erythrodactylon E. Morr. ex Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 560.
1896. FIGURE 4I.
Vriesia psittacina var. erythrodactylon E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 32: 287.
1882.
In the Pflanzenreich (IV. 32: 373. 1035), Mez assigned Vriesia decipiens
Fic. 30. Fic. 40.
Fic. 39.—V riesia hieroglyphica: a, Apex of leaf, x 4; b, spike, K %4;
c, petal and stamens, X I.
Fic. 40.—V riesia segadas-viannae: a, Leaf, X 1/10; b, scape and inflorescence,
1/10; c, flower and capsule, < 14; d, sepal, & %.
F. Mueller (Gartenflora 42: 737. 1893) to the synonymy of V. erythrodactylon
although its valid publication clearly has priority. However, as the description
is inadequate and all evidence apparently lost, it seems best to consider V’.
decipiens a nomen dubium.
Espiriro SANTo: Santa Teresa, Foster 273 (GH, R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgios, Miers 4080 (BM, US neg. 3088).
SAo Pavuto: Alto da Serra, Foster 363 (GH, R); Lemos (GH, SP); L. B.
Smith 1923 (GH); Smith, Hoehne & Kuhlmann 1830 (GH, S). Ramal
Mairink to Santos, Lamber (GH, SP). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén 3493 (S).
ParaNnA: Rio Demora, Antonina, Dusén 14606 (GH, S). Guaratuba, Reitz
4250 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5728 (R, US). Ipiranga, Serra do Mar,
Dusén 3973 (R, S). Desvio Ipiranga, Serra do Mar, Dusén 9561 (S, US).
I22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Jacarei, Dusén 15557 (S, US); 16105 (S). Volta Grande, Serra do Mar,
Dusén 14531 (S).
Santa CATARINA: Joinvile, Reitz 3715 (HBR). Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz
3758-£ (HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Timbe, Reitz C-414 (GH, HBR).
Mun. Biguact: Fachinal, Reitz C-987 (HBR). Mun. Blumenau: Spitz-
kopf, Reitz 4657 (HBR). Mun. Brusque: Santa Luzia, Reitz 3596 (HBR) ;
35907 (HBR). Mun. Itajai: Morro do Bat, Reitz C-2070 (HBR, US).
Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Seidel 8 (HBR). Mun. Orledes: Rio
Mirador, Reitz 3381 (HBR). Mun. Palhoca: Pildes, L. B. Smith 6212
(CR, US):
52a. X Vriesia erythrodactylon X incurvata.
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 374 (GH, R).
53. Vriesia heliconioides (H. B. K.) Hook. ex Walp. Ann. Bot. 3: 623. 1852.
Tillandsia heliconioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 293. 1816.
Tillandsia disticha Willd. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1226. 1830.
In synonymy, not Renealmia disticha L. 17509.
Vriesia disticha Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2: 304. 1808.
Guzmania obtusa Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 212. 1927.
Mato Grosso: Angelim, Lindman A-3329 (S).
ALso: GUATEMALA to PanamA, CotomsiA, PERU, Botivia.
54. Vriesia vulpinoidea L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sado Paulo nov.
ser. 1: 122, pl. 134. 1043.
SAo Pauto: Estagao Florestal, SAo Paulo, Foster 356 (GH, type (US neg.
4068), R).
55. Vriesia rhodostachys L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 15,128, pl..132. 1043.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 807 (GH, type, US neg. 4066).
56. Vriesia incurvata Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 68. 1846.
Tillandsia incurvata Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 49. 1888.
Vriesia rostrum-aquilae Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 518, pl. 107. 1804.
Vriesia duvaliana sensu Alexander, Addisonia 19: 47, pl. 632. 1936. Not
E. Morr.
Brazit: D’Urville (P); Gaudichaud 120 (P, type, GH neg. 3018); Sellow
bromel. 67 (P).
Sao Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 381 (GH); L. B. Smith 2111 (F, GH, S).
Boracéa, Blanco (GH, IAC). Boracéa to Salesépolis, M. Kuhlmann 2340
(SP); Kuhlmann & Kiihn 1763 (SP). Rio Buturoca, Santos, Mosén
2981 (S). Cidade Jardim, Smith & Kuhlmann 1817-2 (GH). Headwaters
of the Rio Cotia, Gehrt (GH, SP). Paiol do Meio, Gehrt (GH, SP).
Ramal Mairink to Santos, Lamber (GH, SP). Santos, Foster 1041 (GH).
Sao Bento, Burchell 3488 (BR, type of Vriesia rostrum-aquilae Mez, GH
neg. 2799). Sio Paulo, Handro (SP). Sao Paulo to Curitiba, km. 270,
(near Apiai), Foster 381-A (GH, R). Ubatuba, Viegas, Franco & Lima
(GH, IAC).
ParanA: Alexandra, Dusén 9016 (S). Curitiba to Joinvile near the Santa
Catarina line, Reitz 3887 (HBR); 5755 (! Reitz). Curitiba to Morrétes,
M. Kuhlmann (SP, US). East of Curitiba, Foster 418 (GH, R). Rio
Demora, Antonina, Dusén 14691 (S). Ipiranga, Dusén 3569 (GH, R).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 123
Jacarei, Dusén (S) ; 8117 in part (GH, S). Monte Alegre, Serra do Mar,
Dusén 14089 (S). Morrétes, Dusén 14421 (S, US). Volta Grande, Serra
do Mar, Dusén 14529 (GH, S).
SANTA CATARINA: Ribeirao Grande, Taid, Reitz 3995 (HBR, sterile). Mun.
Ararangua: Ararangua, Rambo (LIL). Meleiro, Reitz C-1 (GH, HBR).
Peroba, Reitz C-473 (GH, HBR). Sombrio, Reitz C-1033 (HBR). Timbe,
Reitz C-420 (HBR). Turvo, Reitz C-52 (HBR). Mun. Brusque: Azam-
buja, Reitz C-1834 (HBR, US). Brusque, Smith & Veloso 5659 (R, RB,
US). Mun. Florianopolis: Ribeirao da Ilha, Reitz 3927 (HBR). Sertao da
Lagoa, Rohr 636 (LIL). Mun. Itajai: Morro do Bat, Reitz 2065 (HBR,
US). Mun. Sao Francisco do Sul: Porto das Canoas, Smith & Reitz
5609 (US). Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3804 (HBR).
57. Vriesia inflata (Wawra) Wawra, It. Sax.-Cob. 161. 1883.
Vriesia carinata var. inflata Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 183. 1880.
Tillandsia inflata Baker, Bot. Mag. 112: pl. 6882. 1886. As to basonym.
Vriesia incurvata var. inflata Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:522. 1894.
Espirito SANTO: Domingos Martins, Foster 237 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petropolis, Sampaio 7793 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Bico do Papagaio, Ule 4046 (R). Gavea, Smith & Mus. R
6426 (R, US). Tijuca, Wawra II-219-a (W, type).
Sado Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 380 (GH, R, US); Hoehne (GH, SP);
L. B. Smith 2110 (GH, S); Smith, Hoehne & Kuhlmann 1832-a (GH).
Boracéa to Salesdpolis, Blanco (GH, IAC); Kuhlmann & Kiihn 1764
fsF).
ParanA: Alto da Serra, Serra do Mar, Tessmann (Paran., US). Monte
Alegre, Serra do Mar, Dusén (S).
58. Vriesia petropolitana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 1: 120, pl. 130. 1043.
Vriesia incurvata sensu E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 32: 52, pl. 2. 1882. Not
Gaud. 1846.
Tillandsia inflata Baker, Bot. Mag. 112: pl. 6882. 1886. As to material
and plate but not as to basonym of Wawra.
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 1214 (GH); 1248 (GH). Vargem
Alta, Morro do Sal, Foster 952 (GH). Porto Novo, Frambach (F).
Minas Gerais: Itabira do Campo, Matos (R, US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Parque Nacional Serra dos Orgaos, Teresdpolis, Smith &
Brade 5645 (US). Petropolis, Foster 32 (GH, type (US neg. 4073), R);
40 (GH, R). Teresdpolis, Brade 9680 (R); Sampaio 2149 (R).
59. Vriesia splendens (Brongn.) Lem. Fl. des Serres 6, Misc.: 162, fig.
1850-51.
1. Leaf-blades with broad dark irregular cross-bands....... Var. a. splendens
Peve@at-DlGeS CONCOLOTOUS 4/./4\. s)\e 04s Adesso ened aanig Var. b. longibracteata
59a. Vriesia splendens var. splendens.
Tillandsia splendens Brongn. Ann. Fl. Pomone 18: 311. 1845.
Vriesia speciosa Hook. Bot. Mag. 74: pl. 4382. 1848.
Brazi_: Probable, but not yet recorded.
BritisH GuIAna: Kaieteur, Maguire & Fanshawe 23331 (GH, NY).
I24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
59b. Vriesia splendens var. longibracteata (Baker) L. B. Smith, p. 126.
Tillandsia longibracteata Baker, Journ. Bot. 26:81. 1888.
Vriesia longibracteata (Baker) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 568. 1806.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
BritisH GUIANA: Kaieteur, Appun (BM).
60. Vriesia carinata Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 349. 1862. FIGURE 42,
Vriesia brachystachys Regel, Gartenflora 15: 258, pl. 518. 1866.
Vriesia psittacina var. brachystachys E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 20: 161.
1870.
Vriesia psittacina var. carinata E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 32: 287, pls. 10-12,
fig. 1. 1882.
Tillandsia carinata Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 49. 1888.
Tillandsia psittacina sensu E. Morton, Brazil Fl. 2: pl. 43. 18093.
Espirito SANTO: Rio Jucu, Foster 209 (GH). Santa Teresa, Foster 804 (GH) ;
1215 (GH, US). Mun. Cachoeira de Itapemirim: Pedra Branca, Brade
19373 (RB, US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petropolis, Foster 34 (GH, R, US); Glaziou 8026 (P).
Serra da Estrella, Petropolis, Diogo 700 (R). Teresdpolis, Bailey 1245
(BH) ; Sampaio 1848 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Morro Queimado, Occhioni 45 (RB). Rio de Janeiro,
Wilkes Expedition (GH).
SAo Pauto: Florestal, Foster 353 (GH). Jaragua, Gehrt (SP). Monte Alegre,
Amparo, Kuhlmann & Kihn 1039 (SP). Ribeirao Pires, Edwall (GH,
SP). Santos, Mosén 3715 (R). Sao Paulo, Sellow bromel. 66 (P). Serra
Negra, Hoehne (SP).
ParanA: Alexandra, Dusén 8086 (S, US). North of Caioba 30 km., Foster
428 (GH, R). Curitiba to Joinvile near the Santa Catarina line, Reitz 4137
(HBR); 5757 (HBR, US). Jacarei, Dusén 15221 (S, US); 15404
(GH, S); 15541 (S); 17073 (S). Matinhos, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Mor-
rétes, Dusén 4358 (R, S). Porto de Cima, Jénsson in Dusén 810-a (GH, S).
Porto Dom Pedro II, Dusén 9876 (S). Serra da Prata, Dusén 15306 (S).
Volta Grande, Serra do Mar, Dusén (S).
Santa Catarina: D’Urville (P) Blumenau, Schwacke 57 (R). Ribeirao
Grande, Taid, Reitz 3996 (HBR, sterile). Mun. Araquari: Barra do Sul,
Reitz & Klein 921 (! Reitz). Mun. Ararangua: Maracaja, Reitz C-601
(GH, HBR). Meleiro, Reitz C-28 (GH, HBR). Sombrio, Reitz C-484
(HBR). Turvo, Reitz C-565 (HBR). Mun. Brusque: Azambuja, Reitz
C-1831 (HBR, US); 2387 (R); 4046 (HBR). Mun. Jaragua do Sul:
Corupa, Seidel 2 (HBR) ; 23 (HBR). Mun. Palhoca: Pildes, L. B. Smith
6206 (R, RB, US).
Rro GRANDE DO SuL: Torres, Golland in Lindman (S).
60a. X Vriesia carinata X ensiformis.
Espirito SANTO: Vitdéria, Foster 213 (GH, R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petr6dpolis, Foster 336 (GH, R).
6ob. X Vriesia carinata X incurvata.
ParRANA: Caioba, Foster 438 (GH).
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Blumenau: Spitzkopf, Reitz 4659 (HBR).
6oc. X Vriesia carinata X inflata.
SAo Pauto: Campos da Bocainha, Loefgren & Edwall (SP).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 125
6od. X Vriesia carinata X scalaris or simplex.
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 1177 (GH).
6oe. X Vriesia carinata X? (species with laxer inflorescence).
Santa CATARINA: Mun. Palhoca: Pildes, L. B. Smith 6208 (US).
Vriesia carinata is probably the most prolific producer of hybrids in the genus.
For further crosses see under VY. morreniana.
Fic. 41. Fic. 42.
Fic. 41.—Vriesia erythrodactylon: a, Leaf-blade, X %4; b, inflorescence,
X %; ¢, floral bract, I.
Fic. 42—Vriesia carinata: a, Habit, X 1%; b, flower, XI.
61. Vriesia duvaliana E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 34: 105, pls. 7, 8. 1884.
Vriesia psittacina var. duvaliana André, Rev. Hortic. 56: 559. 1884.
Tillandsia duvaliana Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 48. 1888.
Brazit: Pohl (! Mez).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Petrdpolis (?), cultivated Binot (LG, type). Surui, Foster
327 (GH, R).
62. Vriesia paraibica Wawra, It. Sax.-Cob. 160, I. 33, fig. B, pl. 36, fig. B.
1883.
Vriesia carinata var. constricta Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 183.
1880.
Tillandsia paraibica Baker, Journ. Bot. 26:82. 1888. As “parabaica.”
Tillandsia carinata var. constricta Baker, Handb. Bromel. 212. 1880.
Minas Gerats: Castelnovo, Riedel (! Mez). Juiz da Fora, Wawra II-184 (W,
type). Villa do Principe, near Guarhaes, Saint-Hilaire (! Mez).
126 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
63. Vriesia goniorachis (Baker) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:545. 1804.
Tillandsia goniorachis Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 303. 1887.
Distrito FEDERAL: Gavea, Smith & Mus. R 6430 (R, US). ? Pedra do Iheu,
Andarai Grande, near Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 15471 (K, type (US neg.
3075) GH, P; C (F neg. 22335) ). Pao d’Assucar, Glaziou 16462 (! Mez).
Tijuca, Ule (! Mez).
64. Vriesia amethystina E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 34: 330, pls. 15, 16. 1884.
Tillandsia amethystina Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 104. 1888.
BraziL: Cultivated, Kew (K, GH neg. 2656); cultivated, E. Morren (LG,
type).
Espirito Santo: Collatina, Foster 219 (GH). Itapemirim, Foster 149 (GH).
65. Vriesia lancifolia (Baker) L. B. Smith, Lilloa 6: 386, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4. I04I.
Tillandsia lancifolia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 202. 1880.
Vriesia platszmannii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 546. 1804. In part,
not as to type.
Baia: (Igreja Velha) Blanchet 3458 (BM, type (US neg. 4004), MO, US).
66. Vriesia parviflora L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
I: 110, pl. 125, fig. 2. 1943.
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 289 (GH); 839 (GH, type, US neg.
4074).
67. Vriesia psittacina (Hook.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 29: pl. ro. 1843.
1. Floral bracts red or red and yellow, ecarinate.
2. Floral bracts red with yellow apices.................. Var. a. psittacina
eV irioes) bencts wholly retechiiicciy sis ceases cace'sc Var. b. rubro-bracteata
1. Floral bracts wholly green, some of them more or less carinate.
Var. c. decolor
67a. Vriesia psittacina var. psittacina. FicuRE 43.
Tillandsia psittacina Hook. Bot. Mag. 55: pl. 2841. 1828.
Baia: Blanchet 2293 (! Mez).
Espirito Santo: Mun. Cachoeiro de Itapemirim: Vargem Alta, Brade 19963
(RB, US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Niteroi, Foster 1033 (GH). Serra dos Orgaos, Wilkes Expe-
dition (US). Petropolis, Sampaio 7623 (R). Old road below Petrdpolis,
Smith & Mus. R 6456 (R, US).
Distrito FepERAL: Alto da Boa Vista, Reitz 3916 (HBR). Corcovado, Lind-
man A-39 (S). Gavea, Smith & Mus. R 6433 (R, US). Quinta da Boa
Vista, Glaziou 16464 in part (P). Rio de Janeiro, Weddell 673 (P).
Sumare, Serra da Carioca, Smith & Vieira 1296 (GH).
67b. Vriesia psittacina var. rubro-bracteata Hook. Bot. Mag. 85: pl. 5108.
1859.
BraziL: Known only from cultivation. No material preserved.
67c. Vriesia psittacina var. decolor Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 183.
1880.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Cantagallo, Wawra II-226 (W, type).
Rio GRANDE po SuL: Pérto Alegre, Eugenio 445 (NY). Morro da Policia,
Porto Alegre, Eugenio 2488 (GH); Palacios & Cuezzo 661 (LIL). Mun.
Torres: Campo Bonito, Reitz 4747 (! Reitz); 5001 (! Reitz).
Aso: PARAGUAY.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 127
68. Vriesia recurvata Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 69. 1843.
Tillandsia recurvata Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 106. 1888. Not L. 1762.
Tillandsia decurvata Baker, Handb. Bromel. 216. 1880.
Bata: Blanchet (BM).
Distrito FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud (P, type, GH neg. 3044).
69. X Vriesia morreniana Hort. ex E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 32: 289. 1882.
X Vriesia psittacina X brachystachys E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 29: 300. 1870.
Vriesia psittacina var. morreniana E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 32: 287, pls. ro-
12, fig. 3. 1882.
X Vriesia carinata X psittacina Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 528. 1894.
The type of Vriesia morreniana was produced by an artificial cross between
V. carinata and V. psitiacina. However, it is probable that the second parent
is sometimes another species, because . carinata is so dominant that the elonga-
tion of the rhachis is about the only observable effect of the other species. Also
V. morreniana occurs in regions where V. psittacina is not recorded.
Brazit: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG, type).
Minas Gerats: Rio Retiro, Passa Quatro, Brade & Silva Araujo 1900 (RB,
US).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 113 (GH, R); Ule 302 (R).
SAo Pauto: Atibaia, Foster 472 (GH, R); 474 (GH). Serra da Bocaina,
Brade 20983 (RB, US). Headwaters of Rio Cotia, Gehrt (GH, SP)
Invernada do Pinhal, Loefgren & Edwall (SP). Fonte Sanitaria, Foster
391-A (GH). Rio Tijuca, Foster 462 (GH, R). Rio Tijuco, Apiai, M.
Kuhlmann (SP). Una to Piedade, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Mun. Sao Paulo:
Cidade Jardim, Smith & Kuhlmann 1815 (GH, S); 1816 (GH). Florestal,
Foster 355 (GH, R); 301 (GH, R, US). Pirajussara, Gehrt (SP);
Ostermeyer (SP). Sado Paulo, Handro (SP).
ParanA: Curitiba to Joinvile near the Santa Catarina line, Reitz 4136 (HBR) ;
5740 (HBR, US). Jacarei, Dusén 6765 (S, US). Porto da Cima, Jonsson
in Dusén 811-A (S). Roca Nova, Dusén 8137 (S). Volta Grande, Dusén
12060 (S). Mun. Piraquara: Base of Morro Anhangava, Hatschbach 987
(US).
Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Reitz 4135 (HBR).
70. Vriesia ensiformis (Vell.) Beer, Bromel. 92. 1857.
I. Floral bracts coriaceous throughout.
Beetioral bracts: bright réd....i 60... ees ce ee eatanee’ Var. a. ensiformis
2. Floral bracts yellow with green apices............... Var. b. warmingii
1. Floral bracts with red coriaceous bases and soft yellow apices that soon
Mee Ay ssieet «cd basa so kbiae oo eibada se Gee eee Var. c. bicolor
70a. Vriesia ensiformis var. ensiformis. FIGURE 44.
Tillandsia ensiformis Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 133. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 129.
1835.
Vriesia conferta Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 65. 1843.
Vriesia conferta var. recurvata Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 184.
1880. In part, as to Wawra collections.
Tillandsia selloana Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 104. 1888,
Tillandsia heterostachys Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 106. 1888.
Vriesia selloana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:547. 1804.
Brazit: Glaziou 13263 (P). Sellow bromel. 63 (P).
Bafa: Bom Gosto to Olivenca, Frdées 19938 (IAN, NY); 19039 (IAN, NY).
128 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 143-A (GH) ; 1249 (GH, US). Vitdria,
Foster D (GH).
Minas Gerais: Coronel Pacheco, Heringer 1165 (SP). Mun. Antonio Dias:
Parque Nacional, Foster 762 (GH).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Entre Rios, Wawra II-126-a (W) ; II-126-b (W). Itatiaia,
Foster 143 (GH, R); 144 (GH); 146 (GH, R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Serra da Bica, Ule 4615 (R). Quinta, Glaziou 16463 (P).
Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud 366 (P, type of Vriesia conferta Gaud., GH
neg. 3014).
Fic. 43. Fic. 44.
Fic. 43—Vriesia psittacina var. psittacina: a, Apex of leaf, * %4; b, inflo-
rescence, X34; ¢, floral bract and flower, X I.
Fic. 44.—Vriesia ensiformis var. ensiformis: a, Leaf, X %; b, inflorescence,
xX %; c, floral bract and flower, X1; d, sepal, XI.
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Mosén 3251 (S). Serra da Bocaina, Castellanos
(GH). Cubatio, L. B. Smith 2044 (GH). Raiz da Serra, Hemmendorff
(SP). Mun. Sao Paulo: Cidade Jardim, Smith & Kuhlmann 1817-b (B,
GH, S). Ipiranga, Luederwaldt (SP).
Parana: Alexandra, Dusén 9015 (S, US). Caioba, Foster 426 (GH). Jacarei,
Dusén 17028 (S); 18008-a (GH, S). Morrétes, Dusén 4347 (R).
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Reitz 3659 (HBR); 3674 (HBR); Inst. Ma-
lariologia in Reitz 3659 (HBR). Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3680 (HBR) ;
3883 (HBR). Mun. Araquari: Itapocu, Smith & Reitz 5760 (R, RB,
US). Mun. Florianopolis: Barra do Sul, Reitz & Klein 920 (! Reitz).
Mun. Indaial: Encano, Reitz 3989 (HBR). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa,
Seidel 9 (HBR).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 129
yob. Vriesia ensiformis var. warmingii (E. Morr.) L. B. Smith, Arquiv.
Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 116. 1043.
Vriesia warmingit E. Morr. in Belg. Hortic. 34: 260, pls. 12, 13. 1884.
Tillandsia warmingii Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 104. 1888.
Brazit: Cultivated in Liége, Belgium, E. Morren (LG, type).
joc. Vriesia ensiformis var. bicolor L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. 1: 116. 10943.
SaAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 362 (GH, R); Hoehne (SP, type; GH);
M. Kuhlmann (SP); Smith, Hoehne & Kuhlmann 1831 (GH). Ipiranga,
Luederwaldt (SP). Sao Caetano, J. G. Kuhlmann (RB). Sao Vicente,
Santos, Gehrt (GH, SP).
god. X Vriesia ensiformis X incurvata.
SanTA CaTARINA: Sado Francisco do Sul, Reitz 4248 (! Reitz).
71. Vriesia fenestralis Linden & André, Ill. Hortic. 22: 124, pl. 215. 1875.
Tillandsta fenesiralis Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 112: pl. 6808. 1886.
Vriesia hamata L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1:50, pl. 77. 10941.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 247 (GH, type of Vriesia hamata L. B.
Smith; R).
Distrito FepERAL: Barra da Tijuca, Reitz 4203 (HBR).
Parana: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG, type?).
92. Vriesia atra Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 543, pl. ror. 1804.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petropolis, Glaziou 8989 (B, type). Teresdpolis, Foster 993
oGi,.US);. 10t7. (GH, US).
73. Vriesia jonghii (Libon ex C. Koch) E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 28: 257. 1878.
FIGURE 45.
Encholirion jonghi Libon ex C. Koch, Allg. Gartenz. 22. 1857.
Tillandsia jonghei C. Koch, Wochenschr. 11:91. 1868.
Vriesia gamba F. Mueller, Flora 83: 460. 1897.
Brazit: Cultivated (LG, type?).
Espiriro Santo: Araguai, Foster 171 (GH, R, US).
Distrito FepERAL: Serra da Carioca, L. B. Smith 1281 (GH).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 365 (GH); L. B. Smith 1951 (GH). Rio
Buturoca, Santos, Mosén 3250 in part (S).
ParANA: Curitiba to Joinvile near the Santa Catarina line, Reitz 3888 (HBR).
Guaratuba, Reitz 4270 (HBR) ; 4666 (HBR) ; Smith & Reitz 5731 (US).
Jacarei, Dusén 8133 (S); 17019 (GH, S, US). Paranagua toward Curitiba
30 km., Foster 425 (GH). Porto Dom Pedro II, Dusén 8133-A (S, US);
9870 (S).
SANTA Catarina: Brusque, Reitz (HBR, US); 3644 (HBR). Mun. Sio
Francisco do Sul: Pérto das Canoas, Smith & Reitz 5701 (US).
74. Vriesia fosteriana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
Pe I; Hl. (T27.) 1043;
Espiriro SANTO: Mun. Cachoeiro de Itapemirim: Vargem Alta, Morro do Sal,
Foster 947 (GH, type; US).
75. Vriesia platynema Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 66. 1843.
1. Leaf-blades essentially concolorous.
2. Leaves rounded and apiculate.
3. Sepals obtuse.
130 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
4. Scape stout; rhachis 5 mm. in diameter or more.
&.. Floral bractsteeei Pte, SUIS. OEE dies Var. a. platynema
&.\ Floral ‘beaets welloterns oo ordeals dais see Var. b. flava
4. Scape slender; rhachis scarcely more than 2 mm. in diameter.
Var. c. gracilior
Scr SRONGIS, EVE: 0) <tihs \cth tee R TRIS oponShua a Sick lo age Ripbonmete Var. d. libonii
2. Leaves acuminate...........- Beers lcs shalacaene: altaya, cra taaeeebe teats Var. e. rosea
1. Leaf-blades not concolorous.
6. Leat-hlades. pale-sttintc nic, sy sis aliclea Ad» sts ne’ o 0-0 obo ane Var. f. striata
6. Leaf-blades red-violet beneath, green above, pale striate near the apex.
Var. g. variegata
75a. Vriesia platynema var. platynema. Ficure 46.
Tillandsia platynema Griseb. Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Goett. for 1864: 19. 1865.
Vriesia corallina Regel, Gartenflora 19: 354, pl. 671. 1870.
Encholirium corallinum Linden ex André, Ill. Hortic. 18: 136, pl. 70. 1871.
Tillandsia corallina C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1873, App. 4: 5.
1874.
CearA: (Bico Alto), Serra de Baturite, Ducke (MG).
DistrR1ITO FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud (P, type, GH neg. 3025).
Morro Queimado, Occhioni 43 (RB). Tijuca, Foster 321 (GH, R). Tijuca,
Excelsior, Lutz 1443 (R).
Sao Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 364 (GH); Gehrt (SP); L. B. Smith 1952
(GH). Monte Alegre, M. Kuhlmann 409 (SP). Santos, Mosén 3250 in
part (US). Ilha dos Alcatrazes, Santos, Luederwaldt & Fonseca (SP).
Piacaguera, Santos, J. G. Kuhlmann (RB). Ramal Mairink to Santos,
Lamber (SP). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén 2085 (S); 3711 (S). Sao Paulo,
J. G. Kuhlmann (RB). Sao Paulo to Curitiba km. 279, Foster 395 (GH).
ParanA: Campo Largo, Foster 407 (GH). Curitiba, Dusén 17453 (GH, S).
Ipiranga, Dusén 3553 in part (R); 9006 (S, US) ; 14381 (S, US). Jacarei,
Dusén 9009 (S); 17452 (GH, S). Coast 30 km. from Paranagua, Foster
422 (GH). Serra Sado Luiz, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Mun. Ponta Grossa:
Ponta Grossa, Foster 2528 (R, US). Vila Velha, Foster 415 (GH).
SANTA CATARINA: Estrada Dona Francisca, Joinvile, Reitz 3724 (HBR).
Ribeirao Grande, Taid, Reitz 3991 (HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Garuva,
Reitz C-778 (GH, HBR). Mun. Biguact: Fachinal, Reitz C-950 (GH);
1399 (R). Mun. Brusque: Ribeirao do Ouro, Reitz 3637 (HBR). Mun.
Chapec6é: Itapiranga, Rio Peperi-Gauct, Reitz 3859 (HBR). Mun. Floria-
nopolis: Ribeirao da Ilha, Reitz 3925 (HBR). Rio Tavares, Smith &
Reitz 6187 (R, US). Mun. Itajai: Morro do Bat, Reitz C-2075 (HBR,
US). Mun. Orledes: Rio Mirador, Reitz 3377 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE po SuL: Sao Salvador, Eugenio 2160 (GH). Silveira Martins,
Lindman A-1373 (S). Mun. Porto Alegre: Belém, Golland in Lindman
(S). Mun. Sao Francisco de Paula: Taimbé, Rambo (US).
Aso: México, West INDIES, VENEZUELA.
75b. Vriesia platynema var. fava Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues
4:15. 1952.
SANTA CaTARINA: Morro do Bat, Itajai, Reitz 4665 (HBR, type).
75¢. Vriesia platynema var. gracilior L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. 1: 121. 1043.
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 267 (GH, type (US neg. 4082), R).
——————lO—T—— lO OO SS
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 131
75d. Vriesia platynema var. libonii Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 553. 1894.
BraziL: Cultivated (LG, type).
75e. Vriesia platynema var. rosea (Hort. ex Antoine) Mez in Mart. FI.
Bras. 3, pt. 3:552. 1894.
Encholirion roseum Hort. ex Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 26. 1884.
Brazit: Cultivated (LG, type).
Fic. 45. Fic. 46.
Fic. 45.—Vriesia jonghii: a, Habit, X 1/20; b, flower, X 1; c, petal and stamen,
x1; d, stamen, X 1. (All after Belgique Horticole.)
Fic. 46—Vriesia platynema var. platynema: a, Leaf-blade, X %4; b, inflores-
cence, X 1%; c, floral bract and flower, 1. (All after Gaudichaud.)
75{. Vriesia platynema var. striata (Wittm.) Wittm. ex Mez in Mart. FI.
Bras. 3, pt. 3:553-. 1804.
Vriesia corallina var. striata Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29:6. 1801.
SANTA CATARINA: Joinvile to Sdo Bento, Schimper 265 (Herb.?, type).
75g. Vriesia platynema var. variegata (Guillon) Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb.
Barbosa Rodrigues 4:15. 1952.
Encholirion roseum variegatum Guillon, Rev. Hortic. 55: 470. 1883.
PaRANA: Curitiba to Paranagua, Reitz 5765 (! Reitz).
76. Vriesia wawranea Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 1, pls. 1, 2. 1884.
Tillandsia wawranea Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 105. 1888.
Brazit: Described from living material, none now remaining.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Petrdpolis, Glaziow 14342 (K, US neg. 3983).
132 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
977. Vriesia bituminosa Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 347. 1862.
Tillandsia platynema sensu Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 106. 1888. In part.
Vriesia platynema sensu Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29:21. 1891.
Braziu: Foster 37 (R).
Baia: Ilheus, Wawra & Maly (! Mez).
Minas Gerats: Mun. Caeté: Pico de Piedade, Foster 565 (GH).
RIo DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, L. B. Smith 1625 (B, F, GH, S). Serra dos Orgaos,
Burchell 2321 (K, US neg. 3982). Petrdpolis, Glaziou 15466 (P); Wawra
II-25 (W, type). Teresdpolis, Bailey 1248 (BH, GH); L. B. Smith 1519
(GH).
SAo Pauto: Serra da Bocaina, Brade 21153 (RB, US). Campos do Jordao,
Eugenio 3370 (GH). Umuarama, Campos do Jordao, M. Kuhlmann (SP).
Monte Alegre, Amparo, Kuhlmann & Kiihn 409 (SP). Sao Paulo, Doering
(SP); Loefgren (SP); cultivated, Hoehne (GH, SP).
78. Vriesia regnellii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 548, fl. 102. 1804.
Minas Gerats: Mun. Antonio Dias, Foster 731 (GH). Caldas, Regnell
III-1799 (B, type; US).
79. Vriesia pardalina Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 523. 1804.
Minas Gerais: Sapucai Mirim, M. Kuhlmann 2604 (SP). Serra do Cipd,
Duarte 2233 (RB, US). Serra da Piedade, Schwacke (! Mez) ; Warming
(! Mez). Pico da Piedade, Belo Horizonte, Foster 586 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petropolis, Lutz 1251 (R).
Distrito FEpERAL (?): Morro de Sao Vicente, Glaziou 15474 (B, type, F
neg. 11468).
80. Vriesia guttata Linden & André, Ill. Hortic. 22: 43, pl. 200. 1875.
Tillandsia guttata Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 108. 1888.
Tillandsia duvaliana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 212. 1889. In part.
Minas Gerais: Serra da Piedade, Barreto (SP).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade 17477 (RB); Foster 134 (GH). Morin,
Petropolis Glaziou 14344 (P). Teresdpolis, Foster 999 (GH, US). Pedra
do Frade, TeresOpolis, Brade 10409 (R).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 134-A (GH). Campo Grande, Pires (SP).
Guapiara, M. Kuhlmann (SP, US). Sao Paulo, Ostermeyer (SP). Sao
Paulo to Curitiba km. 279, Foster 393 (GH, R).
ParANA: Carvalho, Dusén 9014 (S, US). Desvio Ipiranga, Serra do Mar,
Dusén (S, US); 3570 (R).
SanTA CaTarINA: Estrada Dona Francisca, Joinvile, Reitz 3714 (HBR).
Serra do Mirador, Taid, Reitz 3956 (! Reitz). Mun. Ararangua: Serra da
Pedra, Reitz C-316 (GH, HBR). Mun. Biguacgi: Fachinal, Reitz C-930
(GH, HBR). Mun. Brusque: Morro do Spitzkopf, Reitz 2304 (! Reitz) ;
3461 (HBR); 3900 (HBR). Mun. Orlea’es: Rio Mirador, Reitz 3429
(HBR).
80a. X Vriesia guttata X?
SAo Pauto: Sao Paulo, Loefgren (SP, GH neg. 7127, atypical, scape short
and only slightly curved).
81. X Vriesia obliqua Quintus ex Wittm. Gartenflora 41: 201, pl. 1369. 1892.
BraziL: Described from cultivation. No herbarium material preserved ap-
parently.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—-SMITH 133
82. X Vriesia retroflexa E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 34: 185, pl. ro. 1884.
X Vriesia psittacina X simplex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 525. 1804.
X Vriesia psittacina X scalaris E. Morr. ex Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan.
9:578. 1806.
SKko Pauto: Mun. Sao Paulo: Florestal, Foster 354-a (GH).
83. Vriesia simplex (Vell.) Beer, Bromel. 97. 1857.
Tillandsia simplex Vell. F1. Fluminensis 133. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 130. 1835.
Vriesia scalaris sensu Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 30, pl. 19. 1884. Not
E. Morr. 1879.
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 296 (GH, R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Wilkes Expedition (GH). Barreira, Serra
dos Orgaos, Duarte & Pereira (RB).
SAo Pauto: Mun. Sao Paulo: Cidade Jardim, Gehrt & Kuhlmann (SP);
Smith & Kuhlmann 1818 (GH). Florestal, Foster 354 (GH, R). Parque
Jabaquara, Hoehne (GH, SP). Pinheiros, Edwall (GH, SP).
Aso: TRINIDAD, COLOMBIA.
84. Vriesia scalaris E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 29: 301. 1879. FIGURE 47.
Tillandsia scalaris Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 108. 1888.
Espirito Santo: Collatina, Foster 227 (GH). Santa Teresa, Foster 297 (GH,
US); 208 (GH). Mun. Cachoeiro de Itapemirim: Vargem Alta, Brade
19965 (RB, US neg. 3351).
Minas Gerats: Mun. Antonio Dias: Coronel Fabriciano, Foster 734 (US).
Distrito FEpERAL: Tijuca, L. B. Smith & Brade 2238 (GH).
SANTA CaTARINA: Blumenau, Reitz (HBR); 3623 in part (HBR); 3673
(HBR). Brusque, Reitz 3817 (HBR); L. B. Smith 5770 (US). Mun.
Florianopolis: Ribeirado da Ilha, Reitz 3923 (HBR). Santo Antonio, Reitz
3921 (HBR).
85. Vriesia interrogatoria L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
Sem P2107, pl. 124. 1043.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 1039 (GH, type, US neg. 4071).
86. Vriesia clausseniana (Baker) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:545. 1804.
Tillandsia clausseniana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 213. 1889.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Santa Barbara: Caraca, Claussen (P, type, GH neg.
3017) ; Foster 688 (GH).
87. Vriesia viridiflora (Regel) Wittm. ex Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32:
387. 1935.
Pitcairnia viridiflora Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. for 1866: 81. 1867.
Vriesia viminalis E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 28: 257, pls. 14, 15. 1878.
Tillandsia viminalis Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Am. Bot. 3: 323. 1884.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
British GurIANA: Kaieteur, Maguire & Fanshawe 23332 (GH, NY).
88. Vriesia unilateralis (Baker) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:545. 1804.
Tillandsia unilateralis Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 105. 1888.
Espiriro Santo: Vargem Alto, Morro do Sal, Foster 950 (GH).
Rio bE JANEIRO: TeresOpolis, Sampaio 2493 (R).
SAo Pauto: Campina Grande, Handro 415 (SP, US). Sao Bento, near Santos,
Burchell 3347 (K, type, US neg. 3985).
134 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
ParanA: Curitiba to Joinvile near the Santa Catarina line, Reitz 3876 (HBR).
Ipiranga and Volta Grande, Dusén 3566 (R). Porto de Cima, Serra do
Mar, Dusén 16663 (S, US).
Santa CATARINA: Blumenau, F. Mueller (! Mez). Spitzkopf, Blumenau,
Reitz 4650 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 62904 (US). Estrada Dona Francisca,
Joinvile, Reite 3725 (HBR, US).
89. Vriesia brassicoides (Baker) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 598. 1896.
Tillandsia brassicoides Baker, Journ. Bot. 26:12. 1888.
Distrito FepERAL: Corcovado, Burchell 1393 (K, type, US neg. 3976).
90. Vriesia platzmannii E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 25: 349, pl. 23. 1875.
Tillandsia platzmannii Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 104. 1888.
ParRANA: Guaratuba, Reitz 3630 (HBR); 4271 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5745
(R, US). Paranagua, Foster 445 (GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP).
SANTA CATARINA: Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3705 (HBR). Mun. Ararangua:
Ilhas, Reitz C-253 (GH (US neg. 4081), HBR). Sombrio, Reitz C-901
(HBR). Mun. Palhoca: Campo de Massiambu, Reitz 4839 (! Reitz);
4967 (! Reitz). Palhoca, Reitz 5518 (! Reitz).
gi. Vriesia oligantha (Baker) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:544. 1894.
Tillandsia oligantha Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 345. 1887.
Minas Gerats: Ouro Preto, Glaziou 15472 (K, type (US neg. 3987), C);
Schenck 3507 (! Mez). Serra de Capanema, Schwacke 9315 (! Mez).
Serra de Cipo, Duarte 1982 (RB, US); Foster 621 (GH). Mun. Jobotica-
tubas: Serra do Cipo, 5 km. north of Chapeu de Sol, Smith & Mus. R
6696 (R, US).
92. Vriesia racinae L. B. Smith, Lilloa 6: 387, 413, pl. 3, figs. 5, 6. 1941.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 270 (GH, type, US neg. 3935).
93. Vriesia poenulata (Baker) E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:
573, pl. 106. 1894.
Tillandsia glaziovii E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 229. 1889.
Tillandsia poenulata Baker, Handb. Bromel. 230. 1880.
Brazit: Cultivated (K, Morren Icon., type).
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 268 (GH, R).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgiaos, Glaziou 3627 (BR (GH neg. 2800), P).
Distrito FeprrRAL: Morro do Archer, Brade 10414 (R); Brade & Duarte
18588 (RB). Morro Queimado, Occhioni 44 (RB); 46 (RB).
94. Vriesia fammea L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1:50, pl. 79. 1041.
SAo PAuto: Rio Quilombo, Doering (SP). Rio Buturoca, Santos, Mosén 2982
(S). Sao Vicente, Santos, Gehrt (SP).
PaRANA: Jacarei, Dusén 9012 (S, US); 17486 (GH, type; S, SP). Mun.
Paranagua: Caioba, Foster 430 (GH, R).
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, F. Mueller (K, US neg. 4137); Reitz 3877
(HBR); 3809 (HBR). Joinvile, Reitz 3832 (HBR). Mun. Ararangua:
Meleiro, Reitz C-36 (GH, HBR). Sombrio, Reitz C-007 (HBR, US);
1368 (R). Timbe, Reitz C-416 (HBR). Mun. Biguacgu: Fachinal, C-935
(HBR). Mun. Brusque: Azambuja, Smith & Reitz 6046 (R, RB, US).
Brusque, Smith & Reitz 5661 (US). Morro Spitzkopf, Reitz 3454 (HBR).
Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Seidel in Reitz 4154 (HBR). Mun.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 135
Palhoga: Campo de Massiambu, Reitz 5033 (! Reitz). Pildes, L. B. Smith
6209 (US).
95. Vriesia corcovadensis (Britten) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 532.
1894. Ficure 48.
Tillandsia ventricosa Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 222. 1880. Not
Griseb. 1865.
Tillandsia corcovadensis Britten, Journ. Bot. 26: 172. 1888.
Fic. 47. Fic. 48.
Fic. 47.—Vriesia scalaris: a, Habit, X %4; b, sepals, X 1.
Fic. 48.—V riesia corcovadensis: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, flower X 1;
c, sepals, X I.
Tillandsia oligantha Baker, Handb. Bromel. 215. 1889. In part, not as
to type.
Vriesia rubida E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:574. 1804.
Vriesia ventricosa Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 583. 18096.
Brazit: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG, type of Vriesia rubida E. Morr.) ; Wid-
gren 1077 (S).
Distrito FepErAL: Serra da Carioca, Brade 11345 (R). Corcovado, Glaziou
11683 (C (F neg. 22333), K (US neg. 3977) ). Estrada Dona Castorina,
L. B. Smith 1364 (GH). Gavea, Smith & Mus. R 6432 (R, US). Represa
dos Macacos, Pereira 650 (RB, US). Matas do Pae Ricardo, Occhioni 41
(RB, US neg. 3263). Morro Queimado, Brade 11273 (R). Tijuca, Lutz
1452 (GH); L. B. Smith 2128 (GH); Ule 4128 (R); Wawra II-224
(W, type).
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Reitz 4676 (HBR).
136 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Subgenus Alcantarea E. Morr. ex Mez
96. Vriesia geniculata (Wawra) Wawra, It. Max. 156, pl. 25 (except the
serrate leaves). 1866.
Platystachys geniculata Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 345. 1862.
Vriesia gigantea sensu Lem. Ill. Hortic. 14: pl. 516. 1867. Not as to
description.
Vriesia glaziouana Lem. Ill. Hortic. 14, Misc.: 43, fig. 2. 1867.
Vriesia regina sensu Gard. Chron. nov. ser. 3: 234, fig. 41. 1875.
Tillandsia regina sensu Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 139. 1888. In part.
Vriesia vasta Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 572. 1804.
Minas Gerais: Itabira do Campo, Melo Matos (R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petrdpolis to Raiz da Serra, L. B. Smith 1326 (GH). Santa
Maria Madalena, Santos Lima & Brade 14178 (RB, US).
Distrito FepERAL: Cultivated, Jardim Botanico, Dionysio (RB, US neg. 3266) ;
J. G. Kuhlmann 6179 (RB). Rio de Janeiro, Wilkes Expedition (GH).
Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 15468 (B, type of Vriesia vasta Mez; C (F neg.
22340), K (US neg. 4130), US). Tijuca, Glaziou, 8016 (K, US neg. 4134).
97. Vriesia extensa L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
I: 116, pl. 120. 1043.
Vriesia regina sensu Wittm. Gartenflora 40: 160, fig. 46, 47. 1801.
Espirito Santo: Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, Foster 163 (GH, type, US neg.
4080).
Rio DE JANEIRO-Minas Gerats: (Serra do Picu), cultivated (Herb.?, Vriesia
regina sensu Wittm.).
98. Vriesia regina (Vell.) Beer, Bromel. 97. 1857.
Tillandsia regina Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 136. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 142. 1835.
Tillandsia blokii Hemsl. Bot. Mag. 134: pl. 8192. 1908.
Alcantarea regina Harms, Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 15a: 126.
1930.
Vriesia blokii Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 405. 1935.
Brazit: Tillandsia blokiit was described from cultivated material of unknown
origin.
Rio pE JANEIRO: “Pharmacopolis” (Parati) given in original description, no
material known.
Distrito FeprrAL: Cliff by western end of Praia Sernambetiba, Smith & Mus.
R 6829 (R, US).
99. Vriesia brasiliana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
I: 115, pl. 119. 1943.
Vriesia regina sensu Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 560. 1894. In part.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Meio da Serra, L. B. Smith & Brade 2295 (GH, type, US
neg. 3059). Teresdpolis, Glaziou 11685 (GH, K, US neg. 4133).
100. Vriesia imperialis Carr. Rev. Hortic. 60: 58. 1888.
Vriesia gigantea sensu Lem. Ill. Hortic. 14: sub pl. 516. 1867. As to
description, not as to plate. Not Gaud. Also as to Misc. 43, fig. I.
Vriesia glaziouiana Carr. Rev. Hortic. 53:50, fig. 15, pl. 1881.
no. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 137
Tillandsia regina sensu Baker, Handb. Bromel. 227. 1889. In part.
Alcantarea imperialis Harms. Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 15a:
126. 1930.
BraziL: Cultivated, Manda (GH).
Rro pE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Glaziou 13262 (US) ; 15469 (K, US neg.
4132). Parque Nacional, Serra dos Orgaos, Smith & Brade 5653 (US).
13. Guzmania R. & P.
Guzmania R. & P. Fi. Peruv. 3:37, pl. 261. 1802.
A genus predominantly of the Andean rain forest with a few
species in Central America, the West Indies, Venezuela, Guiana, and
northern and western Brazil.
1. Bracts below the inflorescence inconspicuous, not forming an involucre.
2. Floral bracts distinctly shorter than the sepals.
3. Inflorescence lax and with laxly flowered branches or rarely simple,
nearly 2 dm. long; sepals lanceolate, mucronulate, 20-25 mm. long;
leai-piades’ ‘concolorous, “OTEEH A... 5 o.0 4s 500 wa 1. G. brasiliensis
3. Inflorescence densely digitate with dense spikes 4 cm. long; sepals ellip-
tic, obtuse, 15 mm. long; leaf-blades ornamented with dark purple
GEOSS-lalatla eid is cea e Relea e eo eile Sickie 0k ode sme aE 2. G. vittata
2. Floral bracts equaling or exceeding the sepals.
4. Inflorescence compound, lax, its dense ellipsoid spikes fertile throughout ;
floral bracts coriaceous, broadly elliptic, obtuse, concolorous; sepals
ellipiie waclitenmist mime Omesacj cole as cele aersnke rae 3. G. pleiosticha
4. Inflorescence simple, cylindric, sterile toward the apex; floral bracts
membranaceous, ovate, acute, the fertile ones conspicuously brown-
striped; sepals obovate, broadly obtuse, 18 mm. long.
4. G. monostachia
1. Bracts below the simple corymbiform inflorescence forming a showy involucre
that overtops the flowers; sepals free, linear or linear-oblong.
5. Leaf-blades 30-40 mm. wide; floral bracts strongly cucullate.
5. G. lingulata
5. Leaf-blades not more than 25 mm. wide; floral bracts slightly or not at
ale orcilieste? CIS a AD! ie crews o's 2. seis. oe wi sinleys Vinheta 6. G. minor
1. Guzmania brasiliensis Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 147. 1907.
Schlumbergeria brasiliensis Harms, Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2.
15a:129. 1930.
Amazonas: Manaus, Ule 5427 (B, type, (F neg. 11543), MG). Taraqua, Rio
Uaupés, Pires 1004 (IAN). Sao Marcelino, opposite Rio Xié, Cocui to
Rio Icana, Rio Negro, Schultes & Lopez 9567 (US).
Aso: COLOMBIA.
2. Guzmania vittata (Mart. ex Schult.) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 946.
1806.
Bonapartea vittata Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1198. 1830.
Caraguata vittata Baker, Handb. Bromel. 146. 1889.
Amazonas: Muguentaua, Rio Tefé, Frdées 26288 (IAN).
Atso: COoLoMBIA.
138 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
3. Guzmania pleiosticha (Griseb.) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 930. 1806.
Tillandsia pleiosticha Griseb, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Goett. for 1864: 19. 186s.
Guzgmania altsonti L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 89:7, 78, pl. 1, fig. 1.
1930.
Brazit: Probable, but not yet recorded.
British Guiana: Kaieteur, Maguire & Fanshawe 23410 (GH, NY).
4. Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 905.
1806.
Renealmia monostachia L. Sp. Pl. 287. 1753.
Guzmama tricolor R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 38, pl. 261. 1802.
CeaRA: (Riacho do Capim), Huber (MG). Serra de Baturité, Ducke (MG).
ALso: SoUTHERN FLormpa, West Inpies and NicaraAcua to VENEZUELA and
Borivia.
5. Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 809. 1806.
Tillandsia lingulata L. Sp. Pl. 286. 1753.
Caraguata lingulata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: sub pl. 1068. 1827.
ParA: Belém, Archer 7974 (IAN, US).
Mato Grosso: Capao Séco, Lindman A-2359 (S).
Aso: CENTRAL AMERICA and the West INnpIEs to GuIANA and Bo tvia.
6. Guzmania minor Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 901. 1896. FicureE 49.
AmapA: Igarapé Nataia, Rio Oiapoque, Frées 25879 (IAN).
ParA: Belém, Archer 7831 (IAN). Aura, Belém, Pires & Ledoux 3202
(IAN) ; L. B. Smith 7123 (US). Tapana, Belém, Killip & Smith 30349
(US). Utinga, Belém, Pires 1938 (IAN).
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 49 (GH).
Aso: Nicaracua, Costa Rica, PanAMA, CotomstA, and a variety in Ecuapor.
14. Catopsis Griseb.
Catopsis Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 599. 1864.
West Indies and southern México to Pert.
1. Sepals to 12 mm. long; lower scape-bracts imbricate; flowering plant 4-9
dm high: leaves acute: CPi WgO icc cscs ccs nstes 1. C. berteroniana
1. Sepals 7-8 mm. long; scape-bracts all shorter than the internodes; flowering
plant 1-3 dm. high; leaves rounded and apiculate....... 2. C. sessiliflora
1. Catopsis berteroniana (Schult.) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 621. 1896.
FIGURE 50.
Tillandsia berteroniana Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1221. 1830.
Catopsis mosenti Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 622. 1806.
SAo Pauto: Caraguatatuba, Foster 502 (GH); Hoehne & Gehrt (SP). Rio
Buturoca, Santos, Mosén 3495 (R, S). Iguapé, Santos, Hoehne (SP).
ParANA: Guaratuba, Just. Malariologia (! Reitz); Reitz 4239 (HBR); L. B.
Smith 5732 (R, US). Jacarei, Dusén (S); 17027 (S). Paranagua, Dusén
9799 (S); Foster 446 (GH) ; M. Kuhlmann (SP).
SanTA CATARINA: Joinvile, Reitz 3762 (HBR).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 139
Aso: FioripA, GREATER ANTILLES, CENTRAL AMERICA, VENEZUELA, TRINIDAD,
BriTisH GUIANA.
2. Catopsis sessiliflora (R. & P.) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 625. 18696.
Tillandsia sessiliflora R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 42, pl. 271, fig. b. 1802.
Catopsis nutans sensu Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 176. 1887.
Catopsis nutans var. erecta Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 11:71. 1880.
Catopsis modesta F. Mueller, Gartenflora 42: 717. 1893.
ParA: Belém, Burchell 9394 (! Mez) ; Martius (! Mez) ; Spruce 112 (! Mez);
L. B. Smith 7121 (US).
Fic. 49. Fic. 50.
Fic. 49.—Guzmania minor: a, Habit, X %; b, floral bract, & 1; c, flower, X I.
Fic. 50.—Catopsis berteroniana: a, Apex of leaf, X 1; b, branch of inflorescence,
Se: sepal)’ < rind; seeds. car
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 54 (GH, R).
SAo Pauto: Santos, Mosén 3496 (S).
ParanA: Guaratuba, L. B. Smith 5727 (R, US). Paranagua, Foster 447 (GH,
R); M. Kuhlmann (SP). Jacarei, Dusén 6574 (S); 14607 (S).
SANTA CaTaRINA: Blumenau, Reitz 3625 in part (HBR). Brusque, Reitz 3688
(HBR). Joinvile, Reitz 4160 (HBR). Parati, Hoehne (SP). Sao Fran-
cisco do Sul, Reitz 3764 (HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz C-1075
(GH, HBR).
Aso: West INpIEs and SouTHERN México to Perv.
I40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
15. Fernseea Baker
Fernseea Baker, Handb. Bromel. 19. 1880.
A monotypic Brazilian endemic.
1. Fernseea itatiaiae (Wawra) Baker, Handb. Bromel. 20. 1889. FicurE 51.
Bromelia itatiaiae Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 114. 1880.
Aechmea stenophylla Baker, Handb. Bromel. 64. 1880.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Passa Quatro: Pico Itaguaré, Brade (! A. C. Brade,
Rodriguesia 11 & 12:140. 1949).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade (RB); 12725 (GH); 20216 (RB); Dusén
537 (R); Foster 116 (GH, R); Gaunelle (G); Ginsberger & Zerny 57
(F, WU); Glaziou 5464 (P); Hemmendorff (LIL); 558 (R); Lueder-
waldt (SP); L. B. Smith 1480 (B, BA, BM, F, GH, K, P, S, US);
Tamandare & Brade 6379 (S); Toledo & Brade 730 (RB); Ule 291 (R);
291-A (R); Wawra I1-442 (W, type).
16. Araeococcus Brongn.
Araeococcus Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 15: 370. 1841.
Costa Rica, Tobago, Trinidad, Guiana, Venezuela.
1. Flowers sessile.
2. Branches of the inflorescence spreading, much divided, geniculate.
1. A. micranthus
2. Branches of the inflorescence ascending, simple or slightly divided, slightly
TLERUOUS! cieiols crsis es Cierra eerie & srerctave cists 2. A. goeldianus
1. Flowers slenderly pedicellate.
3. Blades of the inner leaves linear-triangular, caudate-acuminate, serrulate.
3. A. flagellifolius
3. Blades of all the leaves ligulate, acute, entire.......... 4. A. parviflorus
1. Araeococcus micranthus Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 15: 370. 1841.
AmAzonas: Manaus, Ule 5423 (MG); 8824 (MG). Sao Raimundo, Manaus,
Luetzelburg 22098 (M). Maués, Pires 121 (IAN). Mun. Humaita: Livra-
mento, Krukoff 6952 (GH). Rio Livramento to Rio Ipixuna, Krukoff
7156 (GH, NY).
Acre: Rio Macaua on the Rio Iaco, Krukoff 5810 (NY).
AmapA: Oiapoque, Black 49-8386 (IAN). Igarapé Pontamarri, Oiapoque,
Froées 26003 (IAN).
ParA: Belém, Museu Goeldi staff (MG). Taperinha, near Santarém, Gins-
berger & Zerny 391 (F).
Marto Grosso: Utiariti, Rio Papagaio, Hoehne in Rondon 2026 (R).
Aso: Topaco, TRINIDAD, GUIANA.
2. Araeococcus goeldianus L. B. Smith, p. 20, fig. 52.
AmaApA: Cunani, Huber 983 (MG, type).
3. Araeococcus flagellifolius Harms, Notizblatt 10: 784. 1920.
Amazonas: (Rio Apauu), region of Rio Negro, Huebner 58? (B, type, F neg.
11300).
Aso: VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH I4I
4. Araeococcus parviflorus (Mart.) Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24, no. 8:
12. 1801.
Billbergia parviflora Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1270. 1830.
Lamprococcus chlorocarpus Wawra, It. Max. 162, pl. 28. 1866.
Aechmea parviflora Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 167. 1870.
Baia: Almada, Martius (M, type). Ilheus, Wawra & Maly I-232 (! Mez).
Rio Grungogi, Curran 216 (GH, US). Salvador, Foster 2432 (US).
Rio DE JANEIRO (?): Esperanca, Riedel (! Mez; locality doubtful, more likely
from Ilheus).
Bies:St. Fic. 52.
Fic. 51.—Fernseea itatiaiae: a, Leaf, X %; b, inflorescence, XK %;
c, flower, X 2. (All after Flora Brasiliensis.)
Fic. 52.—Araeococcus goeldianus: a, Habit, 1/10; b, section of spike,
A 3G; Sepal, x 5:
17. Streptocalyx Beer
Streptocalyx Beer, Flora 37: 348. 1854.
French Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.
1. Inflorescence amply tripinnate; spikes very laxly 1-7-flowered; rhachis very
slender; sepals 8-13 mm. long including the 3 mm. long mucro; pollen-
grains with 4 pores; ovules caudate-appendaged. (Fig. 53.)
1. S. floribundus
1. Inflorescence bipinnate or rarely somewhat tripinnate at the base.
2. Floral bracts serrulate; sepals often serrulate as well, 14-20 mm. long,
slightly exceeding the floral bracts; scape short; inflorescence not much
142 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
longer than broad, dense and sunk in the center of the leaf-rosette.
2. S. longifolius
2. Floral bracts entire.
3. Flowers fasciculate on abbreviated branches; floral bracts broadly ovate,
apiculate, exceeding the ovary; sepals 16-22 mm. long... 3. S. poitaei
3. Flowers spicate on distinct branches.
4. Spikes distichous-flowered; sepals 16-19 mm. long.
5. Floral bracts reniform, apiculate, much shorter than the ovary.
Ce, Saisie pee eos d Sa aes oi an alseclemiels 4. S. poeppigii
5. Floral bracts ovate, acuminate, equaling or exceeding the ovary.
6. Inflorescence pyramidal, subsessile in the center of the leaf-rosette.
5. S. fuerstenburgii
6. Inflorescence cylindric, distinctly scapose....... 6. S. williamsii
4. Spikes polystichous-flowered.
7. Inflorescence densely lanate; sepals much connate, 7 mm. long ex-
clusive of the: Stappemenonc.o sss. s be cele cect 7. S. lanatus
7. Inflorescence sparsely furfuraceous, soon glabrous; sepals free,
8 mm. long, merely apiculate........0.00cccceeee. 8. S. curranii
1. Streptocalyx floribundus (Mart. ex Schult.) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3,
pt. 3: 284. 1892. FicurRE 53.
Aechmea floribunda Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1271. 1830.
Pironneava platynema Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 64. 1843.
Aechmea platynema Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 166. 1870.
Pironneava floribunda Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29:14. 1891.
BraziL: Foster 378 (R).
Espiriro SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 200 (GH, R, US). Mun. Collatina: Monte
Claro, Foster 223 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Caxias, Passareli (R). Maua, Hemmendorff 440 (R, S).
Niteroi, Smith & Brade 2348 (B, BA, BM, F, GH, K, P, S, US). Pérto
da Caixa, Brade 15025 (RB, US). Restinga da Piratininga, J. G. Kuhl-
mann (RB). Surui, Foster 328 (GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Morro da Babilonia, Hoehne (GH, SP). Copacabana, Ule
4053-A (R). Corcovado, Duarte (RB). Rio de Janeiro, Burchell 76-a
(GH) ; Glasiou 8027 (BM, S); Hombron (P); Martius (M, type, F neg.
18762); Miers 3211 (BM); Mosén 4662 (S); Ule 4053 (R). Sao
Cristovao, Glaziou 5465 (P).
2. Streptocalyx longifolius (Rudge) Baker, Handb. Bromel. 31. 1880.
Bromelia longifolia Rudge, Guyan. 1: 31, pl. 49. 1805.
Streptocalyx angustifolius Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 283, pl. 62. 1892.
Amazonas: Ega (Tefé), Poeppig 2599 (W, type of Streptocalyx angustifolius
Mez). Cachoeirinha, Manaus, Luetzelburg 22106 (GH, M, R). Rio Negro,
Manaus, Ule 5280 (MG).
Atso: Cotomsra, PERU.
3. Streptocalyx poitaei Baker, Handb. Bromel. 31. 1880.
Streptocalyx tessmannii Harms, Notizblatt 9: 1151. 1927.
AMAZONAS: (Boa Sorte), Rio Jurua, J. G. Kuhlmann 1587 (RB).
Aso: Pert, Cotompia, FRENCH GUIANA.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 143
4. Streptocalyx poeppigii Beer, Bromel. 141. 1857. FIGURE 54.
Lamprococcus vallerandiit Carr. Rev. Hortic. 49: 129, fig. 23, 24, pl. 1877.
Streptocalyx vallerandii E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 33:13, pl. 1, 2. 1883.
Streptocalyx juruanus Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 133. 1907.
Amazonas: Ipanoré to Rio Negro on Rio Uaupés, Schultes & Lopez 9148
(US); 9150 (IAN, US). Jurua-Mirim, upper Rio Jurua, Ule 5616 (B).
Manaus, Killip & Smith 30166 (US) ; Tate 48 (NY). Marari, Ule 5366-a
(B, F neg. 11291). Mun. Humaita: Tres Casas, Krukoff 6275 (GH, NY).
Fic. 53. Fic. 54.
Fic. 53.—Streptocalyx floribundus: a, Branch of inflorescence, K %; b, spike,
X1; c, flower, X 1; d, sepal, X 1; e, petal and stamen, X I.
Fic. 54.—Streptocalyx poeppigii: a, Primary bract and spike, 1; b, flower,
<2; ¢, sepal, X 1; d, petal and stamen, >< 1.
ParA: Cultivated, Chantin (LG, ? type of Lamprococcus vallerandii Carr.).
Rio Cumina, Varadouro, Pirarara, Sampaio 5250 (R).
Aso: CotomsBia, PERU, Borivra.
5. Streptocalyx fuerstenbergii (E. Morr. & Wittm.) E. Morr. Belg. Hortic.
33:16. 1883.
Aechmea fuerstenbergii E. Morr. & Wittm. Belg. Hortic. 29: 42, pl. 2.
1870.
Baia: Cultivated, Kirchhoff (LG, type). Serra das Almas, Luetzelburg
(! Mez). Upper Rio de Contas, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Upper Rio Preto,
northwestern Baia, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
6. Streptocalyx williamsii L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98:14, pl. 4,
fig. 7. 1932.
Amazonas: Mouth of Rio Icana, Schultes & Lépez 9785 (US). Sao Paulo de
Olivenca, Krukoff 8597 (NY).
Atso: Perv.
144 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
7. Streptocalyx lanatus L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 95: 45, pl. 11, figs. 4,
5. 1931.
Baia: Rio Grungogi, Curran 138 (US, type).
8. Streptocalyx curranii L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 95: 44, pl. 11, figs.
7-9. 1931.
Baia: Rio Grungogi, Curran 143 (US, type). Agua Preta, Foster 51 (GH).
18. Neoregelia L. B. Smith
Neoregelia L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 78. 1934.
Largely natives of eastern Brazil with a few Amazonian and one
species extending into eastern Colombia and Peru.
1. Inflorescence compound.
2. Petals free; axes glabrous; leaves thick, coriaceous.
3. Inflorescence many-flowered, 6-8 cm. in diameter; leaf-spines 5-7 mm.
long; sepals 21-26 mm long.....5.....0.5..- 1. N. eleutheropetala
3. Inflorescence 5-15-flowered, 3 cm. in diameter; leaf-spines 2 mm. long;
Sepals! T2ianitae, ION. So emeee aa ais a6 2's 0 w/alds.cs 2. N. myrmecophila
2. Petals connate at base; axes ferruginous-lepidote; leaves not coriaceous;
floral bracts about equaling the sepals, serrulate; sepals 15 mm. long.
3. N. fosteriana
1. Inflorescence simple; petals connate at base so far as known.
4. Inner leaves of the rosette bright red.
5. Leaves marked with strong transverse bands on the underside and with
a red spot at the apex; sepals uncinate, strongly asymmetric, 18-23
7230) OO (9) 1) er hoo 2 eS 4. N. spectabilis
5. Leaves concolorous or rarely with longitudinal bands; sepals straight.
6. Underside of the leaves covered with coarse appressed cinereous scales ;
sepals acute or acuminate.
7. Leaf-blades about 15 mm. wide; floral bracts serrulate.
5. N. pineliana
7. Leaf-blades to 40 mm. wide; floral bracts entire.
8. Sepals 37 mm. long; (? inner leaves red).
(28. N. macrosepala)
8. Sepals 24-27 mm. long.
9g. Pedicels 5 mm. long, exceeding the inner floral bracts.
6. N. princeps
9. Pedicels to 15 mm. long, shorter than the floral bracts.
7. N. farinosa
6. Underside of the leaves bearing minute inconspicuous scales; floral
bracts entire.
10. Pedicels 10-20 mm. long; sepals to 34 mm. long; scape elongate;
rosette tubular) «cs sees tee « areless ae ale ore 8. N. bahiana
10. Pedicels shorter; scape short.
11. Inflorescence few-flowered.
12. Leaf-blades concolorous; floral bracts about equaling the
sepals; sepals very short-connate............. 9. N. olens
12. Leaf-blades bearing a red spot at the apex; floral bracts about
equaling the ovary; sepals connate for more than a third
of their lenptiiices nsuisk orb in cbs cca cemclee 10. N. indecora
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 145
11. Inflorescence many-flowered, hemispherical.
13. Leaves strongly serrulate; sepals 21-28 mm. long, connate for
about one-fourth of their length, obtuse.... 11. N. carolinae
13. Leaves subentire; sepals 19 mm. long, connate for more than
halt, them length: acute; .... 52.00. sesetuies 12. N. compacta
4. Inner leaves like the outer, green or purplish.
14. Sepals 13-18 mm. long; flowers about 30 mm. long or less; plants small.
15. Leaves entire or subentire, to 35 mm. wide; sepals obtuse, 15-18 mm.
Weannery Gare ies Seek oie tae als 5 ulate al eeed aes ee are ee 13. N. laevis
15. Leaves distinctly serrulate, narrower.
16. The leaves rarely over 15 cm. long, forming a cylindric or ellipsoid
tank constricted at the apex.
17. Sepals acute or acuminate, subsymmetric, 15 mm. long; petal-
blades with broad dark blue margins..... 14. N. ampullacea
17. Sepals obtuse, strongly asymmetric, 12 mm. long; petal-blades
whollyswihite.. ORig.: 56s) is /ssu athe cores 15. N. hoehneana
16. The leaves larger; tank more infundibuliform.
18. Leaves densely appressed-lepidote on both sides; pedicels 13-
14 mm. long; sepals 14-15 mm. long.
19. Sepals nearly free, strongly asymmetric, the apex extending
3 mm. above the wings; leaves 22 cm. long. (Fig. 57.)
16. N. leprosa
19. Sepals connate for 3 mm., subsymmetric, apiculate; leaves
ahicar long. CBig) 68. ))0us ikl oucameaee 17. N. fluminensis
18. Leaves minutely lepidote beneath or glabrous.
20. Pedicels 20 mm. long; sepals connate for 1.5 mm., much ex-
ceeding the floral bracts; leaves 4 cm. wide.
18. N. macahensis
20. Pedicels 5-10 mm. long.
21. Leaves strongly sulcate beneath with the scales wholly
within the grooves, usually acuminate and cuspidate.
19. N. cyanea
21. Leaves nearly or quite even beneath, broadly acute or
rounded.
22. Blades of the leaves wholly green with sparse inconspicu-
ous scales; floral bracts slightly exceeding the ovary,
obscurely serrulate toward the apex; petals white.
20. N. albiflora
22. Blades of the leaves bicolorous, densely pale-lepidote be-
neath; floral bracts equaling the mid-point of the sepals
or higher.
23. Leaf-blades marked beneath with transverse bands;
metals violet: . 2.2: . 21 as ace eee 21. N. tristis
23. Leaf-blades without bands but sometimes spotted; petals
SWIItES oo: Ji ssins 0: ruayeiels ot avers vey eieretetens 22. N. sarmentosa
14. Sepals 19-37 mm. long; flowers 40 mm. long or more; plants generally
large.
24. Leaf-sheaths concolorous.
25. Blades of the leaves concolorous on each side or with a few spots.
146 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
26. Leaf-sheaths dark brown; sepals 33-34 mm. long, slightly to
one-fourth exserted above the floral bracts.
27. Blades of the leaves 55 mm. wide, truncate with a soft apiculus
that rapidly disintegrates; sepals free... 25. N. leucophoea
27. Blades of the leaves 30 mm. wide, acute with a persistent
terminal subulus 5 mm. long; sepals connate for 5 mm.
24. N. uleana
26. Leaf-sheaths green or purplish.
28. Leaves subentire.
29. Blades of the leaves 75 mm. wide, green; petals white.
25. N. johannis
29. Blades of the leaves not more than 45 mm. wide.
30. Pedicels 5 mm. long; leaves wholly green; sepals slightly
exserted; petals unknown. (Fig. 60.)
26. N. kuhlmannii
30. Pedicels elongate; leaves violet-tinged throughout; sepals
half exserted; “petals ‘violet.........:. 27. N. coriacea
28. Leaves distinctly serrulate or serrate.
31. Scales of the leaves coarse and conspicuous.
32. Sepals 27 mm. long; pedicels to 15 mm. long.
(7. N. farinosa)
32. Sepals 35-37 mm. long; pedicels to 30 mm. long. (Fig.
OES Dees Ss 5 Sis Sh Ate ene 28. N. macrosepala
31. Scales of the leaves minute, completely covering the under-
side of the leaf.
33. Inflorescence few-flowered, about 2 cm. in diameter; leaf-
blades only 23 mm. wide; sepals subsymmetric, lanceo-
late, aCe (te Oe) o oaie sic sos ole a's 29. N. oligantha
33. Inflorescence many-flowered, ample.
34. Spines of the leaves red; sepals acute, straight; floral
bracts cucmilatel(Pig:'63))...4 06.6 30. N. cruenta
34. Spines of the leaves dark, almost black; sepals subulate-
acuminate, more or less uncinate; floral bracts straight.
GOT?) Weta 5 ocleaa A RE Se irRor 31. N. concentrica
25. Blades of the leaves cross-banded above or beneath.
35. Inflorescence few-flowered.
36. Leaf-blades with irregular purple bands on both sides, two to
three times as long as the sheaths, 20-30 mm. wide; pedicels
13 mm. long; sepals symmetric, acute, 26 mm. long; inflores-
cence about 15-flowered; floral bracts barely exceeding the
OVALY,) SCFYCLabe:: ./enios mene esses alsa '< wasa'a 32. N. zonata
36. Leaf-blades with regular fine white bands, little or no longer
than the sheaths; pedicels 20-25 mm. long; sepals 20-23 mm.
long.
37. Floral bracts shorter than the pedicels; leaf-sheaths dark
purple above; leaf-blades 35 mm. wide; sepals acuminate.
CHIBI) a ertsen acon terete eed binw' tc 33. N. pauciflora
37. Floral bracts nearly equaling the sepals; leaf-sheaths only
a little darker than the blades; leaf-blades 50 mm. wide;
sepals involute-subulate. (Fig. 66.)
34. N. melanodonta
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 147
35. Inflorescence many-flowered; leaf-blades 5-7 cm. wide, banded
beneath.
38. Leaf-spines more than 7 mm. long; sepals 37 mm. long; floral
bracts about equaling the center of the sepals; petals white.
35. N. carcharodon
38. Leaf-spines not more than 3 mm. long; sepals smaller.
39. Floral bracts about equaling the center of the sepals; pedicels
12 mm. long; petals pale red.......... 36. N. makoyana
39. Floral bracts equaling or exceeding the sepals.
40. Petals violet; floral bracts rounded, cucullate; sepals acute.
30. N. cruenta
40. Petals white; floral bracts acute; sepals involute-subulate.
37. N. binotii
24. Leaf-sheaths with pale spots; pedicels 10-15 mm. long; sepals acu-
pubare. 20) mtn. IONE... ss.) 62.3 ae eebes seek 38. N. marmorata
1. Neoregelia eleutheropetala (Ule) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104:
78. 1934.
Nidularium eleutheropetalum Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 131. 1907.
Aregelia eleutheropetala Mez ex L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98:5,
pl. 1, figs. 4-6. 1932.
AMAzONAS: Marari, lower Rio Jurua, Ule 5364 (B, type).
Auso: Cotomsra, Perv.
2. Neoregelia myrmecophila (Ule) L. B. Smith, p. 30.
Nidularium myrmecophilum Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 132. 1907.
Aregelia myrmecophila Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32:52. 10934.
Brazit: Ule (MG).
Amazonas: Marari, lower Rio Jurua, Ule 5362 (B, F neg. 11263) ; 5365 (B,
F neg. 11264).
3. Neoregelia fosteriana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 2: 120, pl. 50. 1950.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade 14553 (RB); Foster 119 (GH, R); 122 in
part (GH, R); 123 (GH, type (US neg. 4085), US).
4. Neoregelia spectabilis (Moore) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 79.
1934.
Nidularium spectabile Moore, Gard. Chron. 8. 1873.
Karatas spectabilis Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. pl. 33. 1884.
Regelia spectabilis Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 543. 1890.
Aregelia spectabilis Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:70. 1896.
Brazit: Cultivated, Foster 1231 (US); Harvard Botanical Garden (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Mauda, Ule 4133 (R). Surui, Foster 325 (GH).
5. Neoregelia pineliana (Lem.) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 114: 5. 1936.
Nidularium pinelianum Lem. Ill. Hortic. 7: 71. 1860.
Karatas morreniana Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. pl. 35. 1884.
Regelia morreniana Lindm, Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 543. 1890,
Aregelia morreniana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:72. 1896.
Neoregelia morreniana L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 79. 1034.
Aregelia pineliana Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 40, fig. 12. 1934.
Brazit: Cultivated, Makoy (LG, GH neg. 2933). Unpublished plate, E. Morren
(K, GH neg. 1375).
148 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
6. Neoregelia princeps (Baker) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 114: 5. 1036.
I. Outer bracts of the inflorescence smaller than the inner leaves, bracteiform.
Var. a. princeps
1. Outer bracts of the inflorescence enlarged and foliaceous but bright red.
Var. b. phyllanthidea
6a. Neoregelia princeps var. princeps.
Karatas meyendorffii Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 54, pl. 32. 1884. In part,
not as to basonym.
Karatas princeps Baker, Handb. Bromel. to. 1889.
Regelia princeps Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Férhandl. 47: 543. 1890.
Aregelia princeps Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:75. 1806.
BraziL: Cultivated, Jard. Bot. Liége (LG); E. Morren (LG).
Rio pe JaNerRo: Teresdpolis, Glaziou 16446 (! Mez); Nova Friburgo, Ule
4961 (! Mez).
Santa Catarina: D’Urville (! Mez).
6b. Neoregelia princeps var. phyllanthidea (Mez) L. B. Smith, p. 31.
Aregelia princeps var. phyllanthidea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 76.
1806.
Brazit: Described from cultivation, no surviving material known.
7. Neoregelia farinosa (Ule) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 9. 1030.
Nidularium farinosum Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesselsch. 18: 319. 1900.
Aregelia farinosa Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32242. IO3A.
Espiriro Santo: Foster B (GH, R). Santa Teresa, Foster 1183 (GH).
Vargem Alta, Morro do Sal, Foster 928 (GH). Vitoria, Foster 201 (GH,
RWS).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Ule 4961 (B, type).
8. Neoregelia bahiana (Ule) L. B. Smith, Proc. Amer. Acad. 70: 152. 1935.
1. All or at least the inner leaves red on the upper surface..... Var. a. bahiana
zr. “il the: leaves’ Completely preeieeese ss... ss. 2 Var. b. viridis
8a. Neoregelia bahiana var. bahiana.
Nidularium bahianum Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 195. 1908.
Aregelia bahiana Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 42. 1934.
Bafa: Serra do Sincora, Ule 7105 (B, type, F neg. 11256).
Minas Gerais: Serra da Piedade, Schwacke (! Mez). Mun. Santa Barbara:
Caraca, Foster 684 (GH).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Hoehne (SP):
8b. Neoregelia bahiana var. viridis L. B. Smith, p. 27.
Minas Gerats: Serra da Piedade, near Belo Horizonte, Foster 573 (GH, type,
US neg. 4273).
9. Neoregelia olens (Hook. f.) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 10. 1939.
Billbergia olens Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 91: pl. 5502. 1865.
Karatas olens Nicholson, Dict. Gard. 2: 216. 1885.
Aregelia olens Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32:42. 1934.
Brazit: Described from cultivated plants. No material known to survive.
10. Neoregelia indecora (Mez) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 9. 1930.
Aregelia indecora Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 3s )1OLO:
Distrito FEDERAL: Copacabana, Ule 4134 (B, type).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 149
11. Neoregelia carolinae (Beer) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 9. 1939.
Seerecat=fiaGes HO’ StCIPEG. 2... sv aids tis s'sids's «5 ods otalep beter Var. a. carolinae
1. Leaf-blades longitudinally striped white, rose, and green... Var. b. tricolor
11a. Neoregelia carolinae var. carolinae.
Bromelia carolinae Beer, Bromel. 29. 1857.
Billbergia meyendorffii Regel, Bot. Zeitung 15: 713. 1857.
Nidularium meyendorffii Regel, Gartenflora 8: 266. 1859.
Karatas carolinae Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 52, pl. 31. 1884.
Bromelia rhodocincta Brongn. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 11. 1889 (!
Mez).
Regelia meyendorffii Ind. Kew. 4: 694. 1895.
Aregelia carolinae Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:74. 1806.
Aregelia marechalii Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 43. 10934.
Brazit: Cultivated, Hort. Bot. Petrograd (GH).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Maud, Ule 4132 (R). Old road below Petrdpolis, Smith &
Mus. R 6458 (US). Surui, Foster 31-A (GH (US neg. 3943), R).
Barreira, TeresOpolis, Duarte & Pereira (RB). Serra de Cavallo, Tere-
sdpolis, Brade 9845 (R, US).
Distrito FepERAL: Barra da Tijuca, Reitz 4742 (HBR).
11b. Neoregelia carolinae var. tricolor M. B. Foster, Bromel. Soc. Bull.
3:29. 1953.
Brazit: Cultivated, Foster 2831 (US, type).
12. Neoregelia compacta (Mez) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 9. 1939.
Nidularium compactum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 235. 1891.
Nidularium purpureum sensu Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 10. 1891.
In part.
Aregelia compacta Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:73. 1896.
Rio pe JANErRO: Restinga de Maua, Schenck 2090 (! Mez) ; Ule 4038 (R, US).
Troxal (near Magé?), Lhotsky (G, F neg. 8481).
13. Neoregelia laevis (Mez) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 78. 1934.
FIGURE 55.
Aregelia laevis Mez, Ind. Sem. Hort. Regimont. for 1912:8. 1912;
Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 411. I913.
Brazi_: Cultivated in Berlin, Strauss (B, F neg. 11260).
ParanA: Caioba, Foster 440 (GH). Guaratuba, Reitz 4241 (HBR); Smith &
Reitz 5733 (US). Jacarei, Dusén 15519 (GH, S); 15536 (S).
SANTA CATARINA: Cultivated in Koenigsberg, Germany, F. Mueller (type).
Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3697 (HBR); 3730 (HBR) ; 3805 (HBR);
4008 (HBR). Mun. Biguact: Fachinal, Reitz 4099 (HBR). Mun.
Brusque: Azambuja, Reitz & Foster 22907 (HBR). Mun. Floriandpolis:
Cacupé, Inst. Malariologia (HBR). Florianépolis, Hoehne (SP). Mun.
Itajai: Praia Braba, Reitz 2204 (HBR, US); Smith & Reitz 6090 (US).
Rio GRANDE vo Sut (?): Cultivated, Porto Alegre, Lindman A-799 (S).
14. Neoregelia ampullacea (E. Morr.) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104:
78. 1034.
Nidularium ampullaceum E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 30: 242. 1880.
Karatas ampullacea Baker, Handb. Bromel. 7. 1889.
Regelia ampullacea Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 543. 1890.
Aregelia ampullacea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:64. 18096.
I50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Espirito SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 198 (GH, R, US). Mun. Collatina: Monte
Claro, Foster 218 (GH, R, US).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Petropolis, Glaziou 12231 (K, GH neg. 2730).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cultivated, Hort. Museu Nacional, Ule (R).
15. Neoregelia hoehneana L. B. Smith, p. 28, fig. 56.
SAo Pauto: Caraguatatuba, Gehrt (SP, type, US neg. 4251).
16. Neoregelia leprosa L. B. Smith, p. 20, fig. 57.
Minas GeErAIs: Serra do Cipo, Foster 656 (GH, type).
Fic. 56.
Fic. 55.—Neoregelia laevis: a, Apex of leaf, 1; b, inflorescence, X 1;
c, sepals, X I.
Fic. 56.—Neoregelia hoehneana: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, sepal, X 1; c, petals, X 1.
17. Neoregelia fuminensis L. B. Smith, p. 27, fig. 58.
Rio DE JANEIRO: TeresOpolis, Foster 982 (GH, type, US neg. 4272).
18. Neoregelia macahensis (Ule) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124:9
1939.
Nidularium macahense Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 18: 318.
1900.
Aregelia macahensis Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32:45. 1034.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Ule 4960 (B, type, F neg. 11261).
19. Neoregelia cyanea (Beer) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124:9. 1939.
Hoplophytum cyaneum Beer, Bromel. 131. 1857.
Bromelia denticulata C. Koch, Wochenschr. 2: 151. 1850.
Nidularium denticulatum Regel, Gartenflora 19: 268. 1870.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH I5I
Karatas denticulata Baker, Handb. Bromel. 4. 1889.
Regelia denticulata Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 542. 1890.
Aregelia cyanea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:67. 1806.
BraziL: Cultivated, Atkinson 94 (GH); Bot. Gard. Berlin (B, F neg. 11258) ;
Reitz 5685 (HBR, US).
Minas Gerais: Bocaii, Pomba, Heringer 2548 (SP). Mun. Antonio Dias:
Coronel Fabriciana, Foster 732 (GH, US).
20. Neoregelia albiflora L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 1: 100, pl. II3. 1043.
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 309 (GH, type, US neg. 3945).
Fic. 57. Fic. 58.
Fic. 57.—Neoregelia leprosa: a, Apex of leaf, X1; b, flower, X1;
G, sepals, <:k; Gd, petal, 9 1
Fic. 58.—Neoregelia fluminensis: a, Apex of leaf, X 1; b, floral bract
and flower, X 1; ¢c, sepals, X I.
21. Neoregelia tristis (Beer) L. B. Smith, Proc. Amer. Acad. 70: 153. 1935.
Bromelia tristis Beer, Bromel. 30. 1857.
Nidularium. triste Regel, Gartenflora 15: 356. 1866.
Nidularium cyaneum Linden & André, Ill. Hortic. 20: 184. 1873. Not
Hort. Berol.
Karatas tristis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 5. 1889.
Karatas cyanea Baker, Handb. Bromel. 5. 1880.
Regelia tristis Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 542. 1890.
Aregelia tristis Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 68. 18096.
Aregelia elegans Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 69. 1806.
Brazi_: Cultivated, Atkinson 18 (GH); E. Morren (LG, type of Aregelia
elegans Mez) ; Strauss (B, F neg. 11266).
152 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 255 (GH); 257 in part (GH). Vargem
Alta, Foster 929 in part (GH).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Serra da Estrela, Diogo 717 (R). Itatiaia, Foster 139 (GH).
Petropolis, Foster 21 (GH); Glaziou 12232 (! Mez). Teresdpolis, Foster
981 (GH). Parque Nacional Serra dos Orgaos, Teresdpolis, Smith &
Brade 5644 (US).
22. Neoregelia sarmentosa (Regel) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 79.
1934.
t. Leat-blades) icomcolotous)s) oe cme eed s otic eels one te Var. a. sarmentosa
1. Leaf-blades marked with large pale spots............. Var. b. chlorosticta
22a. Neoregelia sarmentosa var. sarmentosa.
Nidularium sarmentosum Regel, Gartenflora 19: 268. 1870.
Nidularium denticulatum var. simplex Wawra, Oester. Bot. Zeitschr.
30: 112. 1880; Bull. Fédér. Soc. Hortic. Belg. 35. 1880.
Karatas sarmentosa Baker, Handb. Bromel. 5. 1880.
Regelia sarmentosa Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Férhandl. 47: 542. 1890.
Aregelia sarmentosa Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 66. 1806.
Brazi_: Cultivated (B, F neg. 11265).
Espirito Santo: Cuibica, Foster 900 (GH, US). Santa Teresa, Foster 1229
(GH).
DistR1TO FEDERAL: Restinga de Copacabana, Ule 4134 (R). Pedra Dois Irmios,
L. B. Smith 1358 (B, BA, BM, F, GH, K, P, S, US).
SAo Pauto: Sao Paulo, Glaziou 16448-a (B).
22b. Neoregelia sarmentosa var. chlorosticta (Baker) L. B. Smith, Contr.
Gray Herb. 104: 79. 10934.
Karatas chlorosticta Baker, Handb. Bromel. 7. 1880.
Regelia chlorosticta Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 543. 1890.
Aregelia chlorosticta Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 65. 18096.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Dusén (S). Itatiaia, Foster 129 (GH, R). Monte Serrat,
Itatiaia, Dusén 2196 (S). Teresdpolis, Foster 1012 (GH).
23. Neoregelia leucophoea (Baker) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 9.
1939.
Karatas leucophoea Baker, Handb. Bromel. 7. 1889.
Aregelia leucophoea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:77. 1896.
Brazit: Cultivated, E. Morren (GH, US neg. 3044).
24. Neoregelia uleana L. B. Smith, p. 31, fig. 50.
Brazi_: Cultivated, Ule (R, type, US neg. 4255).
25. Neoregelia johannis (Carr.) L. B. Smith, p. 28.
Nidularium johannis Carr. Rev. Hortic. 56: 432. 1884.
Karatas johannis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 11. 1889.
Regelia johannis Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 543. 1890.
Aregelia johannis Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 84. 1896.
Brazit: Described from cultivation, no material known to survive.
26. Neoregelia kuhlmannii L. B. Smith, p. 28, fig. 60.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Angra dos Reis, M. Kuhlmann 2652 (SP, type, US neg. 4252).
27. Neoregelia coriacea (Antoine) L. B. Smith, p. 27.
Karatas coriacea Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 51, pl. 30, fig. I. 1884.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 153
Regelia coriacea Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 543. 1890.
Aregelia coriacea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:77. 1896.
Brazit: Cultivated at Schonbrun and Paris (! Mez in 1934); cultivated in
Rio de Janeiro, Ule (R, US neg. 4257).
28. Neoregelia macrosepala L. B. Smith, p. 20, fig. 61.
Espiriro Santo: Cachoeira de Itapemirim, Foster 968 (GH, type; US).
Vargem Alta, Foster 929 in part (GH).
Fic. 50.—Neoregelia uleana: a, Leaf, X%4; b, inflorescence, & %;
c, floral bract and flower, X 4%; d, sepal, X ™%.
Fic. 60.—Neoregelia kuhlmanni: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, floral bract and
flower, X %; c, sepal, XI.
29. Neoregelia oligantha L. B. Smith, p. 30, fig. 62.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Anténio Dias: Parque Nacional, Ipatinga on the Rio
Doce, Foster 742 (GH, type, US neg. 4271).
30. Neoregelia cruenta (R. Graham) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 9.
1939. FicuRE 63.
Bromelia cruenta R. Graham, Edinburg Phil. Journ. 174. 1828.
Nidularium cruentum Regel, Gartenflora 8: 267. 1850.
Nidularium laurentii var. immaculatum Regel, Gartenflora 34: 243. 1885.
Karatas cruenta Nicholson, Dict. Gard. 2: 216. 1885.
Regelia cruenta Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Férhandl. 47: 543. 18090.
Aregelia cruenta Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:71. 18096.
Nidularium longebracteatum Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 239. 1801.
Aregelia longebracteata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:79. 1806.
154 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Aregelia rubrospinosa Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 412. 1913.
Neoregelia rubrospinosa L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 10. 1039.
Neoregelia longebracteata L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb, 124:9. 1939.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Foster 8 (GH); Rudio 103 (LE, type of Nidularium longe-
bracteatum Mez). Angra dos Reis, M. Kuhlmann 2683 (SP).
Distrito FEDERAL: Praia do Arpoador, Glaziou 8501 (! Mez). Recreio dos
Bandeirantes, Lutz 598 (GH, R). Restinga de Copacabana, Glaziou 8501-b
(S). Praia da Gavea, L. B. Smith 2179 (GH, K, US). Restinga de
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QQ
\\ vO
Fic. 61.—Neoregelia macrosepala: a, Habit (after M. B. Foster), Xca. %;
b, apex of leaf, 1; c, floral bract, X %; d, flower, & %; e, sepal, X 1.
Fic. 62.—Neoregelia oligantha: a, Habit, X %; b, flower, 1; c, sepal, XI.
(a and b after M. B. Foster.)
Jacarepagua, Ule (R, US). Lagoa Marapendi, Brade & Apparicio 20584
(RB). Praia de Sernambetiba, Smith & Mus. R 6814 (R, US), 6815 (R,
US), 6816 (R, US), 6817 (R, US), 6828 (R, US). Barra da Tijuca, J. G.
Kuhlmann 6036 (RB, US); Inst. de Malaria 4 (HBR).
SAo Pavuto: Cubatao, L. B. Smith 2047 (GH). Casqueiro, Santos, Gehrt (SP).
31. Neoregelia concentrica (Vell.) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 78.
1934. FIGURE 64.
Tillandsia concentrica Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 134. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 133.
1835.
Nidularium laurentii Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. for 1866. 80. 1867.
Nidularium acanthocrater E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 34: 140, pl. 9. 1884.
Karatas laurentii Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 48, pl. 28. 1884.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 155
Karatas acanthocrater Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 49, pls. 29, 30, fig. 2. 1884.
Regelia acanthocrater Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Foérhandl. 47: 543.
1890.
Regelia laurentii Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 543. 1890.
Nidularium concentricum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 239. 1891.
Aregelia laurentii Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 80. 1806.
Aregelia concentrica Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 81. 1806.
Fic. 63.—Neoregelia cruenta: a, Inner leaf and inflorescence, X %4; b, flower
without pedicel, 1. (Both after Botanical Magazine.)
Fic. 64.—Neoregelia concentrica: a, Apex of leaf, X %; b, inflorescence, K 4;
c, floral bract and flower, X 1.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Old road below Petropolis, Smith & Mus. R 6492 (R, US).
Serra dos Orgaos, Ule 1985 (R). Soberbo to Guapi, Serra dos Orgios,
L. B. Smith 1533 (B, F, GH, S). Teresopolis, Sampaio 2067 (R). Barreira
to Teresopolis, Pereira & Duarte 1591 (RB, US).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cultivated, Ule (R). Restinga de Copacabana, Glaziou
154905 (BR, GH neg. 2798).
32. Neoregelia zonata L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
2: 120, pl. 51. 1950.
Espirito Santo: Vit6ria, Foster 197 (GH, type (US neg. 4084), R, US).
33. Neoregelia pauciffora L. B. Smith, p. 31, fig. 65.
Espirito SANTo: Santa Teresa, Foster 265 (GH, type, US neg. 4270).
34. Neoregelia melanodonta L. B. Smith, p. 30, fig. 66.
Espirito SANTO: Cuibica, Foster 897 (US, type).
156 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
35. Neoregelia carcharodon (Baker) L. B. Smith, Proc. Amer. Acad. 70:
152. 1935.
Karatas carcharodon Baker, Handb. Bromel. 12. 1880.
Aregelia carcharodon Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:78. 18096.
Brazit: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG, type ?).
Espiriro SANTO: Itapemirim, Foster 155 (GH). Santa Teresa, Foster 245
(GH, R). Vitoria, Foster 181 (GH, R, US).
Distrito FEDERAL: Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 15494 (B (F neg. 11257), K).
Fic. 65. Fic. 66.
Fic. 65—Neoregelia pauciflora: a, Leaf, X %; b, flower, X1; c, sepal, <1.
Fic. 66.—Neoregelia melanodonta: a, Leaf, X %4; b, floral bract and
flower, X I; c, sepal, X I.
36. Neoregelia makoyana (Regel) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 10.
1939.
Nidulariwm makoyanum Regel, Gartenflora 36: 656. 1887.
Karatas makoyana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 11. 1889.
Nidularium sanguinarium Hort. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 12. 1889
(! Mez).
Regelia makoyana Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 543. 1890.
Aregelia makoyana Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32:50. 1034.
BraziL: Cultivated in Paris (! Mez in 1934).
37- Neoregelia binotii (Antoine) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 114: 5.
1930.
Karatas binotii Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. pl. 34. 1884.
Regelia binotii Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 543. 1890.
Aregelia binotii Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:82. 1896.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 157
BraziL: Cultivated, Botanic Garden, Liége (LG, GH neg. 2920).
SAo Pauto: Santos, Foster 485 (GH, US). Monte Japui, Sado Vicente, L. B.
Smith 2097 (GH).
38. Neoregelia marmorata (Baker) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 10.
1939.
Nidularium laurentii var. elatius Regel, Gartenflora 34: 243. 1885.
Karatas marmorata Baker, Handb. Bromel. 11. 1880.
Aregelia marmorata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 76. 1896.
SAo Pauto: Sao Paulo, Ostermeyer (SP). Apiai, SAo Paulo to Curitiba, km.
279, Foster 3907 (GH). Guapiara, Sao Paulo to Curitiba, km. 281, M.
Kuhlmann (SP, US).
ParanA: Caioba, Foster 449 (GH, US).
19. Cryptanthus Otto & Dietr.
Cryptanthus Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenzeit. 4: 297. 1836.
Endemic to eastern Brazil.
1. Leaves not noticeably constricted between the blade and the sheath; ovules
usually numerous. (Fig. 67.)
2. Caudex elongate; sepals 10-12 mm. long.
3. The imbricate leaf-sheaths making the caudex appear 8-12 mm. in di-
ameter; leaves 15 cm. long; leaf-blades 7-12 mm. wide; sepals connate
LIMOSE FON CHE ICC El sci .e sb cvers.o.0 colonic oaicte acroneelera ters 1. C. glaziovii
3. The imbricate leaf-sheaths making the caudex appear I0-I5 mm. in
diameter; leaves to 40 cm. long; leaf-blades 12-20 mm. wide; sepals
RGMIENC UAC EME WASE.. iia ius oo 05 0 0 Sic nian giaemdge oan 2. C. bahianus
2. Caudex very short.
4. Petals orange-yellow; floral bracts linear, about equaling the sepals;
sepals 13 mm. long, unequally connate for 4 to 5 mm.; leaves 35 cm.
long, the blades 12 mm. wide. (Fig. 67.)............. 3. C. duartei
4. Petals white; floral bracts broad, much exceeded by the sepals.
5. Leaves 7-20 cm. long with spines 8-10 mm. long, the blades 8-10 mm.
wide; sepals 6-7 mm. long....... Pree 4. C. schwackeanus
5. Leaves to more than 50 cm. long with spines only 1 mm. long, the
blades 15 mm. wide; sepals 12 mm. long.......... 5. C. maritimus
1. Leaves, or most of them, constricted or petiolate between the blade and the
sheath. (Figs. 68-72.)
6. The leaves all alike.
7. Leaf-blades without spots or lines.
8. Upper and lower sides of the leaf-blades contrasting.
g. Leaves brown-lepidote beneath; plants propagating by long naked
stolons; floral bracts broadly ovate, slightly shorter than the sepals,
lepidote; sepals 10 mm. long, connate for 4 mm., densely pale-
lepidote at the apex. (Fig. 68.)......... 6. C. pseudoscaposus
9. Leaves white-lepidote beneath; plants without naked stolons.
10. Sepals strongly serrulate, connate for one-third to half of their
length; flowers 23 mm. long................. 7. C. sinuosus
10. Sepals nearly or quite entire, connate for more than half of their
lengths flowers 40 mam. Long... ssickis wate mals cope 8. C. acaulis
158 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
8. Upper and lower sides of the leaf-blades alike, green, nearly glabrous ;
flowers to 41 mm. long; sepals acuminate, more than half connate.
9. C. bromelioides
7. Leaf-blades marked with spots or lines on the upper side.
11. Leaf-markings consisting of irregular dark transverse bands.
12. Sepals 19 mm. long, three-fourths connate, the free lobes acuminate,
auriculate, entire; leaves relatively thin and flexible.
10. C, zonatus
12. Sepals 8 mm. long, connate for 5 mm., the free lobes broadly acute
and apiculate, broadest at the base, serrulate; leaves thick and
MGSAY.S cpic aes EE mick bines bw s'e-w aie 11. C. fosterianus
11. Leaf-markings consisting of regular pale longitudinal bands.
13. Leaves glabrous above, their bands due to pigmentation.
14. Colored band single and median; sepals alate.
15. Leaves white-lepidote beneath; flowers less than 30 mm. long;
SEPALS ATT Gattis FOGG in cs bice! av ab bie eornbols 12. C. praetextus
15. Leaves brown-lepidote beneath; flowers to 51 mm. long; sepals
15 mm. long, connate for 8 mm. (Fig. 69.)
13. C. minarum
14. Colored bands two or more; sepals more than half connate.
16. The colored bands numerous and various; flowers to 41 mm.
PRE Oi ig eis ee een iets, nidia le Riess’. = 9. C. bromelioides
16. The colored bands two and of the same color; flowers 26 mm.
MMe | o-ornc weeds eesixtae aes ala mpnie ow k Soh 14. C. bivittatus
13. Leaves partially lepidote above, contrasting with glabrous bands,
the blades 30 mm. wide; sepals 11 mm. long.
17. Sepals concolorous, the free lobes narrow; leaves scarcely more
PETA eS CE MOM arsateiac'acaia'a wie wrx apa w oh aE 15. C. lacerdae
17. Sepals with the free lobes broad and much darker than the tube;
leaves 20 cm. lone. (Fic. 96.)..:...0..6. 16. C. marginatus
6. The leaves dimorphic.
18. Leaf-blades petiolate and maculate. (Fig. 71.)...... 17. C. beuckeri
18. Leaf-blades gradually narrowed at the base but not petiolate, not
maculate.
19. The leaf-blades with a pale median stripe above, 25 mm. wide; sepals
arite. te. 72) 5 eames as sins iss 505010 5000 18. C. pickelii
19. The leaf-blades concolorous above.
20. Faces of the leaf of different colors; floral bracts shorter than the
ovary; sepals rounded and apiculate; leaf-blades 15-20 mm. wide.
19. C. incrassatus
20. Faces of the leaf the same color; floral bracts to 17 mm. long,
exceeding the ovary; sepals acuminate ; leaf-blades 45 mm. wide.
20. C. diversifolius
1. Cryptanthus glaziovii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 202. 1801.
Minas Gerais: Caraca, Glaziou 15672a (B, type; P (GH neg. 2946) ) ; Foster
706 (GH).
2. Cryptanthus bahianus L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 1: 106, pl. 104. 10943.
Cryptanthus glaziovii sensu L. B. Smith in Addisonia 20: 9, pl. 645. 1037.
Not Mez 18o1.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 159
BraziL: Cultivated, Foster 2449 (US).
Baia: Jacobina, Foster 98 (GH, type). Monte Cruzeiro, Rose & Russell
20033 (NY, US).
3. Cryptanthus duartei L. B. Smith, p. 23, fig. 67.
Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipo, Duarte (US, type; RB).
4. Cryptanthus schwackeanus Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 203. 1891.
Minas Gerats: Serra de Caraga, Ule (R). Pico de Itabira do Campo, Glaziou
17823 (P, isotype, GH neg. 2945) ; Schwacke (R). Miguel Burnier, Hoehne
(GH, SP). Mun. Belo Horizonte: Serra da Piedade, Foster 569 (GH).
Morro Velho, Gehrt (SP, GH neg. 7168). Mun. Ouro Preto: Morro do
Cruzeiro, Macedo 2731 (US). Ouro Preto, Pires & Black 3265 (IAN).
Serra do Ouro Preto, Ule (R).
Ji) Yj)
Wy Yl
YU
Fic. 67.
Fic. 67.—Cryptanthus duartei: a, Habit, X %; b, section of leaf, 1; c, floral
bract and flower, X %; d, sepal, 1; e, petal and stamen, X I.
Fic. 68.—Cryptanthus pseudoscaposus: a, Habit (after M. B. Foster),
< %; b, sepal, X 5.
Distrito FEDERAL: Cultivated, Ule (R).
SAo Pauto: Atibaia, Gehrt (SP).
5. Cryptanthus maritimus L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 1: 106, pl. 105. 1043.
Espirito SANTO: Vitéria, Foster 179 (GH, type, US neg. 4094); 875 (GH,
US).
6. Cryptanthus pseudoscaposus L. B. Smith, p. 25, fig. 68.
Espirito SANTO: Domingos Martins to Vitéria, Foster 208 (GH, type; R, US).
160 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
7. Cryptanthus sinuosus L. B. Smith, p. 26.
Cryptanthus undulatus Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 299. 1836. In part.
Nomen illegitimum.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Wawra (W).
8. Cryptanthus acaulis (Lindl.) Beer, Bromel. 75. 1857.
1. Leaves green.
2. Whe. leaves’ ‘lemitate paloveede ¢cAclc. «5 so.00 < acckle ak ceeant Var. a. acaulis
2 The leaves elabraus ave, s.Joc 5 dae ov aavne coma Sleeve Var. b. argenteus
I. p Leaves teed Wavite Bed. eek ces Be tac ceulenidd's oduteramater Var. c. ruber
8a. Cryptanthus acaulis var. acaulis
Tillandsia acaulis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1157. 1828.
Cryptanthus acaulis var. genuinus Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 54. 1896.
Cryptanthus pumilus Hort. ex Gentil, Pl. Cult. Serres Brux. 55. 1907.
(! Mez).
Brazit: Cultivated, Foster (GH); Hort. Petrograd (GH); Reitz 4796
(HBR).
Distrito FEDERAL: Glaziou 9323 (K, GH neg. 2683). Gavea, Reitz 4680
(HBR). Quinta, Glaziow 16450 (P). Barra da Tijuca, Reitz 4797 (1!
Reitz).
8b. Cryptanthus acaulis var. argenteus Beer, Bromel. 75. 1857.
Cryptanthus discolor Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 299. 1836.
Cryptanthus acaulis var. discolor Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:55. 1896.
Brazit: Cultivated, Reitz 4796 (HBR, US).
8c. Cryptanthus acaulis var. ruber Hort. ex Beer, Bromel. 76. 1857.
Cryptanthus acaulis var. purpureus Baker, Saund. Ref. Bot. 4: pl. 287.
1871.
Cryptanthus undulatus var. ruber Beer ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 15. 1889.
Cryptanthus undulatus var. purpureus Baker, Handb. Bromel. 15. 1880.
Brazit: Described from cultivation, no herbarium material known.
9. Cryptanthus bromelioides Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 2098. 1836.
f.. JLBAves* CORCOIOEOHS 1 cciie a eee sO 2 Ge Oconee Var. a. bromelioides
1. Leaves marked with multiple longitudinal bands of red, white, and green.
Var. b. tricolor
ga. Cryptanthus bromelioides var. bromelioides
Cryptanthus acaulis var. bromelioides Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 55.
1806.
Cryptanthus carnosus Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:2. 19109.
BraziL: Cultivated, Bot Gard. Berlin (B, type of Cryptanthus carnosus Mez).
Espiriro SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 172 (GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Dois Irmaos, Duarte 176 (RB, US neg. 3264).
gb. Cryptanthus bromelioides var. tricolor M. B. Foster, Bromel. Soc. Bull.
3:30. 1953.
BraziL: Cultivated, Foster 2832 (US, type).
10. Cryptanthus zonatus (Vis.) Beer, Bromel. 76. 1857.
1. Leaf-blades green or appearing white from the covering of scales.
2. Leaf-blades densely pale-lepidote beneath, appearing white.
Forma a. zonatus
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 161
2. Leaf-blades glabrous beneath, appearing green......... Forma b. viridis
1. Leaf-blades strongly tinged with red..............0...0.. Forma c. fusca
toa. Cryptanthus zonatus forma zonatus
Pholidophyllum zonatum Vis. Ind. Sem. Hort. Patav. 4. 1847.
Brazit: Cultivated, Foster (GH, US).
PernamsBuco: Berberibe (near Recife), Ridley, Lea & Ramage (BM). Culti-
vated in Rio de Janeiro, Glaziow 20523a (P, GH neg. 2944).
1ob. Cryptanthus zonatus forma viridis Hort. ex Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich
LV. 32:10. 1034
Brazit: Described from cultivation.
toc. Cryptanthus zonatus forma fuscus Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:58.
1806.
Pholidophyllum gonatum var. fuscum Vis, Ind. Sem. Hort. Patav. 4. 1847.
BraAziL: Described from cultivation.
11. Cryptanthus fosterianus L. B. Smith, Bromel. Soc. Bull. 2:63. 1952.
PERNAMBUCO: Mata Camocim, Sao Bento, Pickel 3941 (IPA). Serra Negra
near the Paraiba line, Foster 2431 (US, type).
12. Cryptanthus praetextus E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 16. 1889.
Brazit: Described from cultivation.
Espiriro SANTO: Domingos Martins, Foster 236 (GH, R). (Fazenda de Santa
Adelaide), Rio Doce, J. G. Kuhlmann 6629 (RB).
13. Cryptanthus minarum L. B. Smith, p. 24, fig. 60.
Minas Gerais: Itabira do Campo, Melo Matos (R, type, US neg. 4256).
14. Cryptanthus bivittatus (Hook.) Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. for 1864.
15. 1865.
1. Leaves green except for the pale stripes of color......... Var. a. bivittatus
I. Leaves suffused with red in addition to the stripes... Var. b. atropurpureus
14a. Cryptanthus bivittatus var. bivittatus
Billbergia bivittata Hook. Bot. Mag. 87: pl. 5270. 1861.
Cryptanthus bivittatus var. luddemannii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 16. 1889.
Cryptanthus bivittatus var. moénsis Hort. in Cat. Brom. Hort. Lugd.-Bat.
1894; Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:57. 1896.
Cryptanthus moensi Hort. ex Gentil, Pl. Cult. Serres Brux. 66. 1907.
Brazit: Cultivated, Atkinson 60 (GH, US); Foster 1192 (GH).
14b. Cryptanthus bivittatus var. atropurpureus Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich
IV. 32:18. 1934.
Brazit: Described from cultivation.
15. Cryptanthus lacerdae Antoine, Wien. Ill. Garten-Zeit. 7: 254. 1882.
Brazit: Cultivated, Foster 1176 (GH, US).
16. Cryptanthus marginatus L. B. Smith, p. 24, fig. 70.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 243 (GH, type, US neg. 4268).
17. Cryptanthus beuckeri E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 30: 241. 1880, Ficure 71.
Brazit: Cultivated, Atkinson 99 (GH, US); E. Morren (LG, type ?).
18. Cryptanthus pickelii L. B. Smith, p. 25, fig. 72.
PERNAMBUCO: Mun. Sido Lourenco da Mata: Tord, Escola de Sao Bento, near
Tapera, Pickel 909 in part (IPA, type, US neg. 4230). Mata do Corrego
© da Bexiga, Escola de Sao Bento, Pickel 909 in part (IPA, US neg. 4232).
162 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
19. Cryptanthus incrassatus L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo
nov. ser. 2: 110, pl. 49. 1950.
Espirito SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 172 (GH, type US neg. 3278, 3279).
20. Cryptanthus diversifolius Beer, Bromel. 76. 1857.
Cryptanthus suaveolens E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 15. 1889.
Fic. 69.—Cryptanthus minarum: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, section of leaf, X 1;
c, floral bract and flower, X 1.
Fic. 70.—Cryptanthus marginatus: a, Habit (after M. B. Foster), x %;
b, apex of leaf, X 1; c, sepal, X 5.
Cryptanthus acaulis var. diversifolius Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 55.
1806.
Brazi_: Described from cultivation. Still widely grown according to Mez in
1934.
20. Nidularium Lem.
Nidulariwm Lem. Jard. Fleur. 4, Misc.: 60. 1854.
Endemic to eastern Brazil.
Classification of herbarium specimens is difficult and uncertain,
and a study of copious living material is necessary to an understand-
ing of the species.
1. Petal-blades spreading, acute; inflorescence ferruginous-lanate; sepals 10-
14 mm. long, connate for 2-3 mm. (Fig. 73.)
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 163
2. Floral bracts serrulate; petals short-connate; outer bracts of the inflores-
cence small and inconspicuous, not forming a notable involucre. (Fig.
Pa ied shia t ere a DE Oat eva ea cdeeeeebkdd 1. N. burchellii
2. Floral bracts entire; petals connate for half their length; outer bracts of
the inflorescence forming an evident involucre........... 2. N. microps
1. Petal-blades erect, obtuse; inflorescence appressed-lepidote to glabrous. (Fig.
75-)
PiG.i7 1. Bic. 72.
Fic. 71.—Cryptanthus beuckeri: a, Habit, X %4; b, floral bract, X 1;
c, flower, X 1. (b and c after Belgique Horticole.)
Fic. 72—Cryptanthus pickelii: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, apex of leaf, X1;
c, floral bract and flower, X 1.
3. Flowers short-spicate, 20 mm. long; petals yellow; floral bracts ovate,
acute, equaling the ovary; sepals 7 mm. long, half connate.
3. N. loeseneri
3. Flowers fasciculate; petals never yellow.
4. Scape naked for most of its length, slender; flowers 25-28 mm. long;
sepals 12-15 mm. long, connate for 5 mm....... 4. N. billbergioides
4. Scape when evident completely covered by its bracts.
5. Inflorescence nidular, sunk in the center of the leaf-rosette; scape
equaling the leaf-sheaths or shorter.
6. Leaf-spines 1.5-4 mm. long; leaf-blades acute, narrowed toward the
base, only 1-2 times as long as the sheaths; sepals mucronulate,
20-24 mm: long; petals blue.s.). ic. Mw ae 5. N. fulgens
6. Leaf-spines not more than 1 mm. long.
7. Floral bracts entire.
8. Petals white; flowers 50-65 mm. long; sepals 22-29 mm. long.
Ot FS) ices raven chaeens nemees ae ... 6. N. innocentii
164 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
8. Petals red; flowers 30-40 mm. long; sepals 18 mm. long.
7. N. rutilans
7. Floral bracts serrulate; flowers 45-55 mm. long; sepals 20-22 mm.
long.
9. Leaf-blades acute, 3-4 cm. wide; petal-blades rose or white.
8. N. purpureum
9. Leaf-blades broadly rounded and apiculate, 4-6 cm. wide; petal-
Dl ares Wee te ok sw seals ae's's we s/enpmtee 9g. N. regelioides
5. Inflorescence raised above the leaf-rosette; scape exceeding the leaf-
sheaths.
10. Blades of the primary bracts short and inconspicuous, giving the
inflorescence a capitate form. (Fig. 76.)
11. Floral bracts densely serrulate; leaf-blades 2-4 cm. wide.
12. Sepals 16 mm. long, connate for about half their length, the
free lobes ovate, mucronulate; leaves broadly acute and
Cats eM Eute F ba sin'ein. vin, «o's ae ele 10. N. itatiaiae
12. Sepals 26-28 mm. long, connate for about a third of their
length, the free lobes acute or acuminate.
13. Sepals acuminate; inflorescence many-flowered; leaves acute
and caudate-acuminate.............. 11. N. longiflorum
13. Sepals acute; inflorescence few-flowered; leaves broadly
ACULES. cee ee sayy stews setae as 12. N. pauciflorum
11. Floral bracts entire.
14. Sepals mucronulate, about 11 mm. long, connate for 3 mm.;
flowers 33 mm. long; petal-blades blue; leaf-blades 18-
SEt SAN. WIS elles a's es aisles ee vc 13. N. antoineanum
14. Sepals not mucronulate, acute or acuminate, 15-27 mm. long;
leaf-blades 30-35 mm. wide.
15. Petal-blades white; sepals 15 mm. long, very short-connate,
half exserted above the floral bracts; flowers 37 mm. long.
14. N. neglectum
15. Petal-blades blue or purple; sepals 22-27 mm. long, connate
for 4-5 mm., more than half exserted above the floral
bracts.
16. Sepals broadly acute, 27 mm. long; flowers to 48 mm. long.
15. N. ferdinando-coburgii
16. Sepals filiform-acuminate, 22 mm. long; flowers to 40 mm.
AGH 5c os IR SOR Aid a 8 noo 0m 16. N. wettsteinii
10. Blades of the primary bracts long,narrow, and conspicuous, giving
the inflorescence a stellate form. (Fig. 77.)
17. Leaves broadly acute or rounded and apiculate; floral bracts
serrulate.
18. Sepals broadly acute or obtuse, mucronulate or apiculate,
connate for 7-8 mm.
19. Leaves 1 m. long, the blades 50-60 mm. wide; sepals 23 mm.
long; petal-blades pale blue........... 17. N. terminale
19. Leaves to 33 cm. long, the blades 25 mm. wide; sepals 18
mm. long; petals unknown. (Fig. 77.)
18. N. apiculatum
18. Sepals acuminate, 20 mm. long, connate for 3-4 mm.; petal-
blades. Hlaess 5.0 cee cai sie wana haben <8 19. N. utriculosum
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 165
17. Leaves acuminate.
20. Blades of the leaves much narrowed toward the base.
21. Petal-blades white; leaves red-purple, caudate-acuminate,
the blades 25-35 mm. wide............... 20. N. rubens
21. Petal-blades blue; leaves green, not caudate, the blades 8-
Mop SURINAME a ass sac a. vine vacde 21. N. scheremetiewii
20. Blades of the leaves little if at all narrowed toward the base,
20-32 mm. wide; petal-blades blue....... 22. N. procerum
1. Nidularium burchellii Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 101. 1896. FIGURE 73.
Aechmea burchellii Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 231. 1870.
Cryptanthus emergens Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:19, pl. 2,
figs. I-12. 1801.
Nidularium pubisepalum. Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 621. 1804.
Nidularium emergens Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 621. 1894.
Aregelia burchellii Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32:51. 1934.
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 1182 (GH, US).
Sho Pauto: Alto da Serra, Luederwaldt (SP). Boracéa to Salesdpolis, M.
Kuhlmann & Kiihn 1765 (SP) ; 2343 (SP). Cubatao, near Santos, Burchell
3487 (K, type, GH neg. 2685). (Piacaguera), Loefgren (SP). Santos,
Foster 484 (GH); Foster & Gehrt (GH); Loefgren (SP); Mosén 2979
(3).
2. Nidularium microps E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 218. 1801.
1. Primary bracts dark purple.
VES ECE Pid Gs MeL da bile o.e'dnie ous ire c's o dee dae Var. a. microps
Pen eaves teed TUE PUT PIE... 0 oc's ass s e's casa deplenen Var. b. bicense
MEE HAE ITACES AIC! scic/b:e's 0's 00 cvincieiee own sand aieotaaeae Var. c. pallidum
2a. Nidularium microps var. microps
Nidularium microcephalum Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 17: 4.
1899.
Aregelia microps Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 51, fig. 14. 1034.
Brazit: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG, type, GH neg. 2034).
Rio pe Janerro: [Nova] Friburgo, J. G. Kuhlmann (RB).
Distrito FepERAL: Corcovado, L. B. Smith 1218 (GH); Smith & Vieira 1383
(B, F, GH, US). Fabrica das Chitas, Rio de Janeiro, Schwacke (R).
Paineiras to Jardim Botanico, L. B. Smith 1400 (GH, S). Tijuca, Ule 4037
in part (B, type of Nidularium microcephalum Ule (F neg. 11262), R).
2b. Nidularium microps var. bicense (Ule) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado
Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1:57. 10941.
Nidularium microcephalum var. bicensis Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot.
Gesellsch. 17:5. 1800.
Distrito FepERAL: Serra da Bica, Ule (B, type).
2c. Nidularium microps var. pallidum L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo noy. ser. 1:57. IQ4I.
Rio pe JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgios, Brade 12084 (GH, type; R).
3. Nidularium loeseneri Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:5. 19109.
Aechmea loesenera Hort. ex Gentil, Pl. Cult. Jard. Bot. Brux. 9. 1907.
Nomen.
Brazit: Cultivated, Strauss (B, type, F neg. 11272, 11281).
166 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
4. Nidularium billbergioides (Schult. f.) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb.
95:42. 1931. FicurE 74.
Tillandsia terminalis Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 137. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 143.
1835. Not Nidulariwm terminale Ule 1808.
Hohenbergia billbergioides Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1253. 1830.
Tillandsia citrina Burchell ex Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 235. 1879.
Aechmea billbergioides Baker, Handb. Bromel. 38. 1880.
Nidularium parviflorum Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:17, pl. 2,
figs. 8-18. 1891.
Fie: ‘73: Fic. 74.
Fic. 73.—Nidularium burchellii: a, Scape and inflorescence, X %; b, branch
of inflorescence, X 1; c, flower, X1. (All after Lindman.)
Fic. 74—Nidularium billbergioides: a, Habit, X %; b, primary bract and
branch, X %; c, floral bract and flower, X1; d, sepal, X1. (b-d after
Lindman. )
Nidularium bracteatum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 224. 1891. In part,
not as to Tillandsia bracteata Vell.
Nidularium citrinum Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 113. 1921.
BraziL: Cultivated, Hort. Berlin (B, Nidularium citrinum Mez, F neg. 11260).
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 56 (GH). Almada, Ilheus, Martius (M, type).
Espirito SAnto: Guiomar, Foster 938 (GH). Mun. Collatina: Monte Claro,
Foster 216 (GH, R).
Rro DE JANEIRO: Surui, Foster 216-A (GH, R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cultivated, Ule 4035-A (R). Serra da Bica, near Cascadura,
Glaziou 15488 (P). Gruta Paulo e Virginia, Rente 14 (R); Rosa 102 (R).
Pedra Bonita, Brade 11913 (GH, R). Quinta, Glasiou 16441 (P). Tijuca,
Glaziou 2734 (P). Floresta da Tijuca, Ule 4035 (R).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 167
Sho Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 372 (GH, R). Cubatdo, Santos, Loefgren
(GH, SP). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén 3253 (S, type of Nidularium parvi-
florum Lindm.). Sao Joao dos Barreiros, Loefgren & Edwall (SP, GH
neg. 7145). Tremembe, Doering (SP).
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Inst. Malariologia (HBR); Reitz (HBR);
3625 in part (HBR); 3819 (HBR, US). Joinvile, Reitz 3758-j (HBR).
Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3758 (HBR, US) ; 3893 (HBR); 3990 (HBR,
US). Mun. Araquari: Itapocu, Reitz 4368 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5761
(R, RB, US). Mun. Florianopolis: Rio Tavares, Reitz 4550 (HBR);
Smith & Reitz 6184 (R, US). Mun. Itajai: Rio Canoas, Luiz Alves,
Reitz 5166 (! Reitz).
5. Nidularium fulgens Lem. Jard. Fleur. 4, Misc.: 60, pl. 411. 1854.
Karatas fulgens Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 41, pl. 24. 1884.
Nidularium rosulatum Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 18: 320. 1900.
BraziL: Cultivated, Atkinson 48 (MT); Foster (US).
Minas Gerais: Caraga, Foster 697 (GH, US).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Alto da Serra to Meio da Serra, L. B. Smith 2123 (F, GH
(US neg. 3946)). Restinga de Maua, Ule 4867 (B, type of Nidularium
rosulatum Ule, F neg. 11277). Petrdpolis, Foster 19 (GH, R); Glaziou
15489 (P). Petrdépolis to Raiz da Serra, L. B. Smith 1327 (B, GH, S).
Serra da Estrela, Petrdépolis, Diogo 664 (R). Teresdpolis, Bailey 1293
(BH).
SAo Pauto: Florestal, Foster 343 (GH, US). Rio Tijuco, Foster 470 (GH,
R); M. Kuhlmann (SP).
ParANA: Alto da Serra, Foster 402 (GH).
6. Nidularium innocentii Lem. Ill. Hortic. 2, Mise.: 13. 1855.
1. Leaves dark red beneath or on both sides; primary bracts red or with the
BEM STEEN. PIV. 1. eu ine koa t's « copies cats pee oes Var. a. innocentii
1. Leaves, or at least their blades, green.
2. Primary bracts wholly or mostly red-purple.
g.. Leaf-blades ;wholly green... . ..j..65 2. se. je0ecs Var. b. wittmackianum
3. Leaf-blades marked with longitudinal white lines..... Var. c. striatum
2. Primary bracts red near the apex and green elsewhere.
4. Leaf-blades with numerous longitudinal white lines... Var. d. lineatum
4. Leaf-blades with a single large median white stripe... Var. e. paxianum
6a. Nidularium innocentii var. innocentii. FicuRE 75.
Karatas innocentii Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 44, pl. 26. 1884.
Regelia innocentii Ind. Kew 4: 694. 1895.
Brazi_: Cultivated, Foster 1227 (GH).
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 303 (GH).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos, Ule (R). Teresdpolis, Sampaio 1725 (R);
L. B. Smith 1520 (GH); Ule 4130 (R); Velloso (R).
Distrito FepERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Reitz 4804 (! Reitz).
Sako Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 366 (GH, R); Hoehne (SP, US); L. B.
Smith 1924 (GH); 1970 (BM, GH). Ipiranga, Luederwaldt (GH, SP).
Patrimonio, Kuhlmann & Lemos (SP).
ParanA: Ipiranga, Dusén 3554 (R); 17340 (S). Porto de Cima, Dusén 7002
¢S).
Santa CATARINA: Mun. Biguact: Fachinal, Reitz C-939 (HBR). Mun. Sao
Francisco do Sul; Pérto das Canoas, Smith & Reitz 5700 (R, US).
168 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
6b. Nidularium innocentii var. wittmackianum (Harms) L. B. Smith, Anais
Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4:34. 10952.
Nidularium wittmackianum Harms, Notizblatt 10: 220. 1928.
BraziL: Cultivated, Hort. Berlin (B, type, F neg. 11283).
SaAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 368 (GH, R). Rio Cotia headwaters, Gehrt
(GH, SP). Cubatiao, L. B. Smith 2046 (GH). Mun. Sao Paulo: Florestal,
Foster 344 (GH, R, US).
ParANA: Curitiba to Joinvile (Santa Catarina), Inst de Malaria (HBR).
Curitiba to Paranagua, Reitz 5739 (HBR, US). Serra do Mar, Volta
Grande, Dusén 17206 (GH, S).
6c. Nidularium innocentii var. striatum Wittm. Gartenflora 37: 422. 1888.
Nidularium striatum Hort. Bull. Cat. 1890.
BraziL: Described from cultivation. No material seen.
6d. Nidularium innocentii var. lineatum (Mez) L. B. Smith, p. 32.
Nidularium lineatum Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 412. 1913.
Brazit: Cultivated, Hort. Koenigsberg (B, type, F neg. 11271).
6e. Nidularium innocentii var. paxianum (Mez) L. B. Smith, Anais Bot.
Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 2:14. 1950.
Nidularium paxianum Mez, Gartenflora 44: 297, pl. 1415. 1805.
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 367 (GH, R); L. B. Smith 1842 (B, F,
GH, K, US). Embt-Guasst, Serra do Mar, Pires (SP). Sao Paulo,
Ostermeyer (SP).
ParANA: Alto da Serra do Mar, km. 48 from Curitiba, Tessmann (US).
Curitiba, Foster 420 (GH, R). Curitiba to Joinvile near the Santa Cata-
rina line, Inst. Maldriologia (! Reitz); Reitz 3758-a (HBR). Curitiba to
Morrétes, M. Kuhlmann (SP, US). Curitiba to Paranagua, Reitz 5738
(! Reitz). Jacarei, Dusén 11428 (GH, S); 17076 (GH, S). Paranagua,
Tessmann (US). Porto da Cima, Dusén 14311 (S, US).
SANTA CATARINA: Cultivated, H. Strauss (B, type, F neg. 11280). Orleaes,
Reitz 1758 (HBR, US). Mun. Araquari: Itajuba, Reitz 3758-i (HBR).
Mun. Ararangua: Maracana, Reitz C-477 (GH, HBR, US). Mun.
Biguaci: Fachinal, Reitz 4083 (HBR). Mun. Brusque: Azambuja, Reitz
C-1832 (HBR, US) ; 3571 (HBR, US). Brusque, Reitz 3182 (HBR) ; 3632
(HBR); L. B. Smith 5660 (R, RB, US). Mata Sao Pedro, Reitz
(! Reitz). Mun. Itajai: Rio Canoas, Luiz Alves, Reitz 5157 (! Reitz).
Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Seidel 11 (HBR).
9. Nidularium rutilans E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 35:81. 1885.
Karatas rutilans Baker, Handb. Bromel. 9. 1889.
BraziL: Cultivated, Loefgren (SP).
Rio pe JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade 15725 (RB, US); 17506 (RB). Petropolis,
Glaziou 16444 (B, F neg. 11279).
8. Nidularium purpureum Beer, Bromel. 75. 1857.
r, (Petals: rose toward the apem.céis; ni teneecin o's p's-ofe o's Var. a. purpureum
Ry Petes wholly whited on esisisasa td sae DERE M EMSRS cringe £54 Var. b. albiflorum
8a. Nidularium purpureum var. purpureum
Karatas purpurea Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 42, pl. 25. 1884.
BraziL: Cultivated, Hort. Berlin (B, F neg. 11275).
EspPiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 263 (GH, R).
Se = —S—“—i—CS OO Se
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 169
Rio DE JANEIRO: Valério, Serra de Friburgo, J. G. Kuhlmann (RB).
Distrito FEDERAL: Copacabana, Glaziou 15493 (B, F neg. 11275). Gavea,
Smith & Mus. R 6454 (R, US). Tijuca, Brade 10413 (R).
SAo Pauto: Mogi das Cruzes, Foster 1232 (GH). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén
2977 (S). Tremembé, Everett (GH).
ParanA: Curitiba, Foster 1201 (GH).
8b. Nidularium purpureum var. albiforum L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb.
127: 20. 10939.
N
AG) Z
fis
7
4
Ve
Fig. 75. BiG: 70:
Fic. 75.—Nidularium innocentii var. innocentii: a, Primary bract and young
branch, X %; 8, floral bract and flower, X 1. (Both after Antoine.)
Fic. 76.—Nidularium itatiaiae: a, Apex of leaf, X1; b, inflorescence, X 4;
c, floral bract, * 1; d, sepals, X I.
SAio Pauto: Sao Paulo, Doering (SP, type, GH neg. 3375).
9. Nidularium regelioides Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 16: 351,
pl. 22, fig. 9. 1808.
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 317 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Ferreira 1783 (GH, S); 1800 (B, FM, GH, US);
L. B. Smith 1442 (GH) ; 1624 (GH) ; 1626 (GH); 1775 (GH, NY, US).
Nova Friburgo, Ule 4666 (B, type) ; 4672 (B, F neg. 11276). Petrdépolis,
Foster 15 (GH).
SAo Pauto: Rio Quilombo, Foster 489 (GH).
10. Nidularium itatiaiae L. B. Smith, p. 32, fig. 76.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 118 (GH, type, US neg. 4264).
11. Nidularium longiflorum Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 14: 408.
1806.
170 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Distrito FEDERAL: Tijuca, Brade 10744 (R) ; Foster 324 (GH, US); Smith &
Brade 2242 (GH) ; 2243 (GH, S); Ule 4036 (B, type (F, neg. 11273), R);
4131-A (R, US).
12. Nidularium pauciflorum Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 16: 353.
1808.
TL AyRGn PCC Oa sch Pale wey han a oie 6 ales ae went Var. a. pauciflorum
te (Leaves! Grighteced cuit. thes Pee PTs obs URE Var. b. sanguineum
12a. Nidularium pauciflorum var. pauciflorum
Rio pE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo, Ule 4651 (B, type, F neg. 11274). Old road
below Petropolis, Smith & Mus. R 6498 (US).
Distrito FEpERAL: Tijuca, Brade 10411 (R).
12b. Nidularium pauciflorum var. sanguineum Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot.
Gesellsch. 16: 353. 1808.
Brazit: No material cited but probably from the same place as the typical
variety.
13. Nidularium antoineanum Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30:113. 1880.
Nidularium antoineanum var. angustifolium Wawra, Oe6esterr. Bot.
Zeitschr. 30: 114. 1880.
Karatas antoineana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 6. 1889.
Minas Gerais: Serra do Pict, Glaziou 13247 (! Mez).
Rio DE JANEIRO: TeresOpolis, Foster 976 (GH); 908 (GH); Wawra II-321a
(W, type).
Sao Pauto: Serra da Bocaina, Brade 21154 (RB, US).
14. Nidularium neglectum (Baker) Hort. Makoy ex Mez in DC. Monogr.
Phan. 9:99. 1896.
Karatas neglecta Baker, Handb. Bromel. 6. 18809.
Brazit: Described from cultivation, no material seen.
15. Nidularium ferdinando-coburgii Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 112.
1880.
Karatas ferdinando-coburgit Baker, Handb. Bromel. 6. 1880.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petrdépolis, Wawra II-1o1 (W, type). Teresdpolis, Sampaio
2066 (R); Wawra II-370 (W).
16. Nidularium wettsteinii Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 4. 19109.
SAo Pauto: Described from material cultivated in Vienna.
17. Nidularium terminale Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 16: 348,
pl. 22, figs. 2-5. 1808.
Distrito FEDERAL: Tijuca, Ule 4162 (B, type; R).
18. Nidularium apiculatum L. B. Smith, p. 32.
Te ESepals fentires. S2ek..s dlc d bs Soe RARER ECERTE Ole bhdets Var. a. apiculatum
Ly (Sepais serrulates scene sds 42). node gade aes We ee ah Var. b. serrulatum
18a. Nidularium apiculatum var. apiculatum. Fig. 77.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 124 (GH, type, US neg. 4265); Ule 200 (R).
18b. Nidularium apiculatum var. serrulatum L. B. Smith, p. 32.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 121 (GH, type, US neg. 4266).
19. Nidularium utriculosum Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 16: 347,
pl. 22, fig. I. 1898.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH I7I
Espirito SANTo: Santa Teresa, Foster no. C (GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Copacabana, Ule 4163 (B, type (F neg. 11282), R).
20. Nidularium rubens Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 220. 1801.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra do Pict, Glaziow 13248 (B, type, F neg. 11278).
Sao Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 377 (GH, R) ; Hoehne (SP, US); J. Lemos
1971 (GH). Boracéa, Blanco (SP).
21. Nidularium scheremetiewii Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. for 1857. 28.
1858; Gartenflora 7: 137, pl. 224. 1858.
Karatas scheremetiewi Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. 46, pl. 27. 1884.
Nidularium corcovadense Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 18: 321.
1900.
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 260 (GH, R); 264 (GH); 1213 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Barreira, TeresOpolis, Duarte & Pereira (RB, US).
Distrito FEeperaL: Alto da Boa Vista, Reitz 3915 (HBR). Corcovado,
Duarte & Paulo 420 (RB); Ule 4131 (R); 4962 (B, type of Nidularium
corcovadense Ule, F neg. 11270). Estrada Dona Castorina, Jardim Bo-
tanico to Alto da Boa Vista, L. B. Smith 1373 (GH, S). Paineiras, Corco-
vado, L. B. Smith 1217 (BM, GH, K). Paineiras to Jardim Botanico,
L. B. Smith 1399 (B, F, GH, S, US). Rio de Janeiro, Lhotsky (BM, US
neg. 4000).
SANTA CATARINA: Ribeirao Grande, Taid, Reitz (HBR, US); 3836 (HBR);
3007 (HBR). Rio Maracuja, Anitapolis, Reitz 4538 (HBR). Mun.
Biguacgi: Fachinal, Reitz 4129 (HBR).
22. Nidularium procerum Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:16, pl. 1,
figs. I-7. 1891.
I. Leaves 4-10 dm. long, the blades 2-5 cm. wide............. Var. procerum
1. Leaves up to 4 dm. long, not over 3 cm. wide........... Var. kermesianum
22a. Nidularium procerum var. procerum
Aechmea purpurea Baker, Handb. Bromel. 69. 1880.
Nidularium porphyreum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 219. 1891.
Nidularium affine Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 4. 1919.
Nidularium angustifolium Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 16: 351.
1808.
Brazi_: Cultivated, Hort. Dahlem (B, type of Nidularium affine Mez, F neg.
11267); Sander (LG, Nidularium porphyreum Mez).
Espirito SANTO: Rio Jucu, Vitoria, Foster 212 (GH, R). Vargem Alta, Foster
927 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Cultivated, Ule 4037 in part (R).
Distrito FeperaL: Serra da Bica, near Cascadura, Glaziou 15490 (P, GH neg.
2952); Ule 4039 (B, type of Nidularium angustifolium Ule, F neg. 11268).
SAo Pauto: Ramal Mairink to Santos, Lamber (GH, SP). Rio Buturoca,
Santos, Mosén 3706 (S, US). Sao Vicente, Santos, Gehrt (GH, SP).
ParANA: Caioba, Foster 419-A (GH, R); M. Kuhlmann (SP). Curitiba,
Foster 419 (GH, R). Near Santa Catarina line, Curitiba to Joinvile, Reitz
3889 (! Reitz). Serra, Curitiba to Joinvile, Inst. Malariologia in Reitz
3563 (HBR); Reitz 5759 (! Reitz). Serra, Curitiba to Morrétes, M.
Kuhlmann (SP, US). Jacarei, Dusén 17055 (GH, S). Morrétes, Dusén
11933 (S); 14422 (S); 17064 (S). Paranagua, Foster 432 (GH).
172 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
SanTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Inst. Malariologia (HBR); Reitz 3564 (HBR);
4141 (HBR). Joinvile, Reitz 3712 (! Reitz). Mun. Ararangua: Peroba,
Reitz C-471 (GH, US). Mun. Florianopolis: Cacupé, Inst. Malariologia
(HBR). Rio Tavares, Smith & Reitz 6186 (R, US). Mun. Itajai: Praia
Braba, Foster 2518 (R, US); Reitz 2292 (HBR, US). Mun. Sao Francisco
do Sul: Porto das Canoas, Smith & Reitz 5608 (R, RB, US). Sao Fran-
cisco do Sul, Reitz 3728 (HBR, US); 3878 (HBR).
22b. Nidularium procerum var. kermesianum (Fritz Mueller ex Mez) Reitz,
Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4:18. 1952.
Nidularium kermesianum Fritz Mueller ex Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV.
32:62. 1934.
ParANA: Curitiba to Paranagua, Reitz 5754 (HBR, US).
SANTA CATARINA: Cultivated, F. Mueller (B, type). Joinvile, Reitz 4667
(HBR). Ribeirao Grande, Taio, Reitz 390094 (HBR). Mun. Araquari:
Itapocu, Reitz 4507 (HBR). Mun. Blumenau: Morro do Cachorro, Reitz
4678 (! Reitz). Mun. Brusque: Ribeirao do Ouro, 3626 in part (HBR).
Mun. Florianopolis: Ribeirao da Ilha, Reitz 3920 (HBR). Mun. Jaragua
do Sul: Corupa, Seidel 6 (HBR). Morro do Garrafao, Corupa, Reitz
4236 (HBR).
21. Andrea Mez
Andrea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:114. 1806.
A monotypic Brazilian endemic.
1. Andrea selloana (Baker) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:115. 1806.
FIGURE 78.
Quesnelia selloana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 87. 1880.
BraZIL: South-central Brazil, Sellow 1414 (B, type, F neg. 11301).
Minas Gerais: Serra de Ouro Preto, Schwacke 9157 (B, F neg. 11301). Mun.
Jaboticatubas: Serra da Cipo, Foster 615 (GH).
22. Bromelia L.
Bromelia L. Sp. Pl. 285. 1753.
México and the West Indies to Paraguay and Argentina.
1. Scape evident although sometimes short; inflorescence rounded or acute;
leaf-blades never petiolate. (Figs. 79, 80.)
2. Sepals narrowed from near the base, acute or acuminate, carinate, 10-15
mm. long.
3. Petals to 35 mm. long, twice as long as the sepals; inflorescence cylindric,
TE—45 ‘Cin. dows ME 7O. Yo crest lasts «isos dls wine 1. B. laciniosa
3. Petals 15-16 mm. long, only a little longer than the sepals.
4. Sepals acuminate; inflorescence subglobose..... 2. B. reversacantha
4. Sepals broadly acute; inflorescence laxly cylindric.... 3. B. arenaria
2. Sepals narrowed above the middle only, or oblong or spatulate.
5. Floral bracts and sepals obtusely or not at all carinate, entire; ovaries
exceeding the floral bracts; sepals straight.
6. Branches of the inflorescence and flowers spreading; pedicels 15 mm.
lone Gr: more; Sepals 70 mimi, LGN... 05... cee cccoes 4. B. binotii
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 173
6. Branches of the inflorescence and flowers erect or suberect; pedicels
not over 10 mm. long; sepals 6-15 mm. long.
7. Floral bracts 6-10 mm. long; sepals mostly oblong and obtuse; indu-
ment of the inflorescence white............... 5. B. antiacantha
7. Floral bracts 15-20 mm. long; sepals elliptic, subacute; indument
of the inflorescence ferruginous................ 6. B. regnellii
5. Floral bracts and sepals sharply carinate, conduplicate; sepals mostly
cucullate.
8. Branches of the inflorescence spreading; inflorescence sublax,
PAGAL ie keke Saleen s sae gee PON EIU CR 7. B. sylvicola
Fic. 77.—Nidularium apiculatum var. apiculatum: a, Apex of leaf, <1; b, outer
bract of inflorescence, * %4; c, sepals, XI.
Fic. 78.—Andrea selloana: a, Habit, X %; b, flower, X1.
(Both after Pflanzenreich.)
8. Branches of the inflorescence erect; inflorescence very dense, cylindric
to globose.
9. Floral bracts not dilated at the apex.
10. Sepals and floral bracts soon glabrous; filament-tube 10 mm.
long; scape and inflorescence elongate......... 8. B. balansae
10. Sepals and floral bracts densely and persistently pale-lepidote;
filament-tube 5-6 mm. long.
11. Floral bracts equaling or exceeding the sepals; inflorescence
SHBCOTVINDOSE.«, «sas 6 5 an snt adit eeeee 9. B. glaziovii
11. Floral bracts distinctly exceeded by the sepals.
12. Inflorescence globose; flowers 50 mm. long; scape not more
dhiata Ty dint. Lome Sse ase cienelste dere erate sear to. B. lindmanii
174 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
12. Inflorescence ellipsoid or short-cylindric, distinctly longer
than broad; flowers 32-39 mm. long; scape elongate.
Aig Ppa Raat Scheie nordic ec RG RA 11. B. interior
9. Floral bracts elliptic-dilated at the apex.
53.) Sepals elliptic, taro lone... 5... .0s eee eR 12. B. exigua
13. Sepals narrowly oblong, to 22 mm. long, serrulate.
13. B. rondoniana
1. Scape completely lacking; inflorescence corymbose, sunk in the center of
the leaf-rosette. (Fig. 81.)
14. Leaf-blades not at all petiolate.
15. Filament-tube only 3 mm. long; sepals serrulate at the apex, 25-30 mm.
long; indument of the inflorescence whitish........ 14. B. legrellae
15. Filament-tube 12-20 mm. long or more.
16. Scales of the inflorescence pale, slender and almost filiform; sepals
obtuse, 17 mm. long; filament-tube only 12 mm. long. (Fig. 81.)
15. B. villosa
16. Scales of the inflorescence dark brown, broad; sepals acute or
subacute.
17. Ovary 2 cm. long; sepals 25-27 mm. long......... 16. B. lagopus
17. Ovary to 8 cm. long; sepals 30-40 mm. long....... 17. B. karatas
14. Leaf-blades (or at least the outer ones) distinctly petiolate; sepals wholly
or in greater part exserted above the floral bracts.
18. Petals dark-lepidote, connate for three-fourths of their length; sepals
oblong, obtuse, cucullate, 21 mm. long, 7 mm. wide.
18. B. morreniana
18. Petals glabrous, short-connate; sepals linear, apiculate, 15 mm. long,
Hata, Wie We ts eam eiee ete Wants dobodidaw es 19. B. scarlatina
1. Bromelia laciniosa Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1278. 1830.
FIGURE 70.
Pravi: Buriti, Dahlgren 971 (GH, US). Sao Joao do Piaui, Luetzelburg
(! Mez).
Paraisa: Soledade, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Baia: Cultivated, Occhioni (RB). Jacobina, Foster 100 (GH, R). Joazeiro,
Luetzelburg (! Mez). Machado Portelo, Rose & Russell 19904 (NY, US).
Queimadas to Vila Nova da Rainha, Martius 2228 (M, type, F neg. 8641).
Espirito Santo: Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, Foster 168 (GH, R). Vitéria,
Foster 195 (GH, R).
2. Bromelia reversacantha Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 198. 1891.
Gords: Rio Bagagem, Pohl 2205 (W, type).
3. Bromelia arenaria Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 194. 1908.
Baia: Remanso, Ule 7151 (B, type, F neg. 11249).
4. Bromelia binotii E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 192. 1801.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 857 (GH, US). Mun. Collatina: Colla-
tina, Foster 226 (GH, R). Linhares, Foster 787 (GH, US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Cultivated, Jard. Bot. Liége (LG, type).
5. Bromelia antiacantha Bertol. Virid. Bonon. 4. 1824; 4, Misc.: 6, pl. r. 1844.
Bromelia acanga sensu Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 346. 1809. Not. L. 1767.
Bromelia fastuosa sensu Regel, Gartenflora 15:1. 1866. Not Lindl. 1821.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 175
Brazit: Sellow 3344 (GH, R, US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Jurujuba, Schwacke (R). Monte Serrat, Itatiaia, L. B. Smith
1610 (GH).
Distrito FepERAL: Corcovado, Duarte & Paulo 421 (RB). Lagoa Rodrigo de
Freitas, Ule 4613 (R). Praia Leblon, Hoehne 23 (GH, SP). Rio de
Janeiro, Foster 497 (GH).
SAo PavuLo: Guaruja, L. B. Smith 2031 (GH). Ipiranga, Luederwaldt (SP,
GH neg. 7167). Jaragua, M. Hoehne (GH, SP). Lorena, Delforge (RB).
Sao Roque, Everett (GH). Mun. Campinas: Indaiatuba, Viegas (SP).
Parana: Jaguariaiva, Dusén 13286 (S, US).
SANTA CATARINA: Mafra, Reitz 3961 (! Reitz). Mun. Araquari: Itajuba,
Reitz 3758-h (HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz C-1188 (GH);
3807 (HBR). Mun. Criciima: Sanga do Engenho, Reitz C-209 (GH,
HBR). Mun. Floriandpolis: Rio Vermelho, Reitz (HBR, US). Mun.
Porto Belo: Canto Grande, Reitz (HBR).
Rio GRANDE Do Sut: Porto Alegre, Lindman A-645 (S); Reineck (GH). Sao
Leopoldo, Eugenio (GH); 129 (R, RB); 132 (NY). Esteio near Sao
Leopoldo, Rambo (US).
Atso: UruGuay.
6. Bromelia regnellii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 194, pl. 53. 1801.
Bromelia pinguin sensu Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8: 22, pl. 8,
figs. 1-8. 1891. Not L, 1753.
Minas Gerais: Caldas, Regnell III-285 (S, type; US).
7. Bromelia sylvicola S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 4: 490. 18095.
Mato Grosso: Cuiaba, Lindman A-2349 (S). Diamantino to Santa Cruz, Rio
Paraguai, S. Moore 489 (BM, type). Santa Ana da Chapada, Lindman
A-2357 (S).
8. Bromelia balansae Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 191. 1891.
Bromelia argentina Baker, Kew Bull. 194. 1892. In part, as to the plant
from Paraguay.
Bromelia pinguin sensu Morong & Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 235.
1892. Not L. 1753.
Bromelia serra sensu Mez, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 1035. 1903. Not
Griseb. 1879.
Bromelia goyazensis Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67: 2. 1901.
Minas Gerats: Contendas, Saint-Hilaire (P). Lagoa Santa, Barreto 2115 (R).
Gotds: (Meio Ponte), Glaziou 22190 (B, type of Bromelia goyazensis Mez,
F neg. 11252).
ParaANnA: Jacarei, Dusén 14606 (GH, S). Jaguariaiva, Dusén 17439 (BM,
GH, S; US).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Palmeira, Rambo (! Rambo).
Atso: PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA,
9. Bromelia glaziovii Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67:1. 1o0r.
GorAs: Campos do Rio Gama, Glaziou 22189 (B, type, F neg. 11251; GH).
10. Bromelia lindmanii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 621. 18904.
Karatas laciniosa Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:18, pl. 2,
figs. 22-25. 1891. Not Bromelia lacinosa Mart. 1830.
176 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Minas Gerais: Cultivated, Handro 291 (SP, US). Caldas, Regnell III-1259
in part (US). Passos to Serra da Ventania, Regnell III-1258 in part (S,
type; US).
SAo Pauto: Tanabi, Gehrt (SP, US).
11. Bromelia interior L. B. Smith, p. 23, fig. 80.
Gords: Mun. Goias: Quintas, Macedo 3260 (US, type).
Fic. 80.
Fic. 79.—Bromelia laciniosa: a, Habit, X %; b, flower, X 1.5; c, petal and
stamens, X 1.5. (All after Antoine.)
Fic. 80.—Bromelia interior: a, Inflorescence, X %; b, flower, X 1;
c, sepal, X 1; petals and stamens, X I.
Mato Grosso: Aquiduana, Noreste R. R., Foster 1075 (GH). Braco, Rio
Arinos, Baldwin 3103 (GH, US). Campo Grande, Archer & Gehrt 168
(SP, US). Coxipo da Ponte to Cuiaba, Hoehne in Rondon 4518 (R);
J. G. Kuhlmann 86 (R).
SAo Pauto: Itapura, Foster 1101 (GH).
12. Bromelia exigua Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67:2. root.
GorAs: Capelinha de Santo Antonio, Glaziou 22192 (B, type, F neg. 11250).
13. Bromelia rondoniana L. B. Smith, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro nov.
ser. no. 15:1, fl. 1, figs. a, b. 1952.
Rio Branco: Carua-acu, Serra da Lua, Luetzelburg in Rondon 21278 (R,
type (US neg. 4199), M).
14. Bromelia legrellae (E. Morr.) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 189. 1891.
Karatas legrellae E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 22: 129, pls. 11-13. 1872.
ParA: Cultivated from material sent by Linden, Legrelle (LG).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 177
15. Bromelia villosa Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67:3. 1901. Ficure 8r.
GotAs: (Sitio de Baracio to Areias), Glaziou 22191 (B, type, F neg. 11255).
Marto Grosso: Batt, Lindman A-2951 (S). Cuiaba, Lindman A-2431 (S).
16. Bromelia lagopus Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 188. 1801.
BraziL: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG, type).
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 80 (GH).
17. Bromelia karatas L. Sp. Pl. 285. 1753.
Karatas plumieri E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 22: 131. 1872.
MaranwHado: Ilha de Sao Luiz, Frées 11967 (NY).
CearA: Cultivated, Brade 13989 (RB).
Baia: Jacobina, Foster 99 (GH).
Gords: Weddell 2663 (P, GH neg. 3037).
Atso: México and the West INpIEs to CoLomptia.
18. Bromelia morreniana (Regel) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 186. 18o1.
Cryptanthus morrenianus Regel, Gartenflora 37: 157. 1888.
Distiacanthus morrenianus Baker, Handb. Bromel. 14. 1880.
ParA: Campos de Ariramba, Rio Jaramacart, Ducke (MG). Cultivated, E.
Morren (LG, type ?).
19. Bromelia scarlatina (Hort. ex Herincq) E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 31: 164.
1881.
Distiacanthus scarlatinus Hort. ex Herincq, Hort. Frangais 246. 1860.
Disteganthus scarlatinus Nicholson, Dict. Gard. 1: 485. 1885.
Karatas scarlatina Harms, Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a: 135.
1930.
ParA: Cultivated, Jard. Bot. Liége (LG, type ?).
23. Acanthostachys KI.
Acanthostachys K1\. in Lk., Kl. & Otto, Ill. Pl. Rar. Hort. Berol. 1:21, pl. 9.
1841.
Monotypic.
1. Acanthostachys strobilacea (Schult. f.) Kl. in Lk., Kl. & Otto, Ill. Pl.
Rar. Hort. Berol. 1: 21, pl. 9. 1841. Ficure 82.
Hohenbergia strobilacea Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1252. 1830.
Acanthostachys exilis Bertoni, An. Cient. Parag. II. no. 4: 301. 1919.
Brazit: Cultivated, Atkinson 16 (MT). Borgmayer (SP); J. G. Kuhlmann
(HBR) ; Saint-Hilaire B1-1076 (P); Sellow bromel. 58-b (P).
Espirito Santo: Domingos Martins, Foster 240 (GH, R). Itapemirim, Foster
167 (GH, R). Vitoria, Foster 499 (GH).
Mrnas Gerats: Serra de Caracol, Regnell III-1260 in part (S). Fazenda do
Diamante near Corinto, Mexia 5615-a (GH). Coronel Pacheco, Heringer
943 (SP). Lapinha, Lagoa Santa, Hoehne in Rondon 6660 (R) ; Palacios
3438 (LIL). Paraiba, Claussen 361 (P). (Fazenda do Pinhal), Sellow
5215 (R). Mun. Belo Horizonte: Belo Horizonte, Melo Barreto 2485 (R).
Serra de Taquaril, Oliveira (IAN). Mun. Leopoldina: Domingos Pisoni,
Melo Barreto 4424 (US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Carmo, Vale do Paquequer, Neves Armond 318 (R). Formosa
to Bananal, Bowie & Cunningham (BM).
178 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Distrito FeperAL: Andari Grande, Glaziou 9327 (BM). Caminho da Canoa,
Gavea, Frazsdo (RB).
S&o Pauto: Cabrettva, Hoehne (SP). Campinas, Novaes 1208 (US). (Heitor
Legrt), G. Gehrt (GH, SP). Ipiranga, Luederwaldt (SP). Itirapina,
G. Gehrt (GH, SP). Monte Alegre, Amparo, M. Kuhlmann 407 (SP).
Morro Pellado, Edwall (GH, SP). Pinhal, M. Kuhlmann 1559 (SP).
Piragununga, Meira (SP). Santos, Mosén 171 (R). Sao Joao de Boa
Vista, Loefgren & Edwall (GH, SP); Mosén 1731 (S); 4433 (S). Sado
Simao, Casa Branca, Regnell III-1260 in part (S).
ParanA: Morungava, Dusén 16467 (BM, GH, S, US).
Aso: Paracuay, ARGENTINA.
Fic. 81. Fic. 82.
Fic. 81.—Bromelia villosa: a, Inflorescence, X %; b, sepals (ventral side), X I.
Fic. 82.—Acanthostachys strobilacea: a, Scape and inflorescence, X 1/20;
b, inflorescence, X 1; c, flower, 1; d, petal and stamen, X 1; e, pistil, & 1.
24. Orthophytum Beer
Orthophytum Beer, Flora 37: 347. 1854.
Prantleia Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 257. 1801.
Sincoraea Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 191. 1908.
Cryptanthopsis Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 193. 1908.
Endemic to Brazil.
1. Scape lacking or short and hidden by the leaf-sheaths; inflorescence sunk in
the center of the leaf-rosette.
2. Leaf-blades linear, only 5-8 mm. wide.
3. Sepals lanceolate, acute, 14 mm. long; leaf-blades laxly serrulate, 4-5 cm.
LOG B soieics as: isn es slo Oman eee «itl. Fppebts 1. O. amoenum
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 179
3. Sepals narrowly triangular, acuminate, 30 mm. long; leaf-blades densely
Servulate, SoCah: NM PIs. Sesie' bo asin nidadn Aeidite Me 2. O. navioides
2. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, 11-15 mm. wide, 3-6 cm. long; sepals
narrowly triangular, spinose-acuminate, 14 mm. long.... 3. O. saxicola
1. Scape evident, well developed.
4. Inflorescence short and compact.
5. Flowers fasciculate; inflorescence capitiform.
6. Primary bracts lanceolate without distinction between sheath and
blade; sepals narrowly triangular, spinose-acuminate, 14 mm. long,
entire, glabrous or subglabrous............cceesess 3. O. saxicola
6. Primary bracts with a large ovate sheath and narrowly triangular
caudate-acuminate blade; sepals oblong, acute, 17-20 mm. long,
mucronate, serrulate, densely white-lanate apically.
4. O. mello-barretoi
5. Flowers spicate; inflorescence digitate; floral bracts straight; sepals
12 mm. long; the posterior ones very broadly alate. (Fig. 83.)
5. O. rubrum
4. Inflorescence elongate, lax at least toward the base.
7. Scape-bracts lanceolate, abruptly acuminate; sepals 10 mm. long.
8. Leaf-spines 8 mm. long; sepals lanate toward the apex.
6. O. leprosum
8. Leaf-spines 2 mm. long; sepals and all the remainder of the inflores-
Ge OM PS Le cc ce oss cc kc de chan salman ec’ 7. O. glabrum
7. Scape-bracts linear-triangular, long-caudate.
9. Upper primary bracts with elongate blades; sepals 16-17 mm. long.
8. O. foliosum
9. Upper primary bracts with short blades or without distinct blades,
scarcely more than twice as long as the spikes.
10. Leaf-scales wholly appressed; inflorescence dense for about half
its length; sepals 15 mm. long. (Fig. 84.).. 9. O, maracasense
10. Leaf-scales spreading and crisped; inflorescence lax for more than
three-fourths of its length; sepals 11 mm. long. (Fig. 85.)
10. O. disjunctum
1. Orthophytum amoenum (Ule) L. B. Smith, p. 33.
Sincoraea amoena Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 191, fig. 1 A-F. 1908.
Bafa: Serra do Sincora, Ule 7106 (B, type).
2. Orthophytum navioides (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, p. 34.
Cryptanthopsis navioides L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 31, pl. 3,
figs. 4-6. 1940.
Bafa: Jacobina, Foster 90 (GH, type; R, US).
3. Orthophytum saxicola (Ule) L. B. Smith, p. 34.
Cryptanthopsis saxicola Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 193, fig. 1 G-K. 1908.
Baia: Maracas, Foster 2471-A (US); Ule 7031 (B, type). Salvador to
Milagres, Foster 2441 (US).
4. Orthophytum mello-barretoi L. B. Smith, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro
nov. ser. no. 15: 2, pl. I, figs. c-e. 1952.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipd, Foster 631 (GH); Melo
Barreto 2121 (R, type; US); Pires & Black 2719 (IAN). Palacio, Serra
do Cipé, km. 127, Melo Barreto 7665 (R).
180 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
5. Orthophytum rubrum L. B. Smith, p. 34, fig. 83.
Baia: Table Rock near Maracas, Foster 2444 (US, type).
6. Orthophytum Ieprosum (Mez) Mez, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 117. 1806.
Prantleia leprosa Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 250, pl. 58, fig. 2. 1801.
BraziL: Glaziou 14035 (K, US neg. 4184).
GorAs (?): Cachoeira do Inferno, Pohl 5229 (W, type).
Fic. 83. Fic. 84.
Fic. 83.—Orthophytum rubrum: a, Scape and inflorescence (after M. B. Fos-
ter), X %; b, floral bract, X1; c, sepal, 1; d, petal and stamen, X 1.
Fic. 84.—Orthophytum maracasense: a, Inflorescence, K %4; b, floral bract
and flower (after M. B. Foster), 1; c, sepal, X 1.
7. Orthophytum glabrum (Mez) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 117. 1896.
Prantleia glabra Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 258, pl. 58, fig. 1. 1891.
Minas Gerais: Sao Miguel, Pohl 3436 (BR, type, GH neg. 2792).
8. Orthophytum foliosum L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 1:58, pl. 74. 1941.
Espirito Santo: Foster 2487 (US). Santa Teresa, Foster 288 (GH, type;
R,,,US) ; 881. (GH, US).
Mato Grosso: Camizao, Foster 1079 (GH).
g. Orthophytum maracasense L. B. Smith, p. 33, fig. 84.
Baia: Maracas, Foster 2471 (US, type; US neg. 4245).
10. Orthophytum disjunctum L. B. Smith, p. 33, fig. 85.
Paraisa: Queimada to Caruarii (in Pernambuco), Foster 2419 (US, type).
PERNAMBUCO: Mun. Quipapa: Engenheiro Pelada, Silva & Leal 247 (RB, US).
——== C—O
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 181
25. Canistrum E. Morr.
Canistrum E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 23: 257. 1873.
Endemic to Brazil except for one species in Trinidad.
1. Scape completely covered by its entire bracts; pollen-grains with many pores;
sepals strongly asymmetric, 15-17 mm. long.......... 1. C. aurantiacum
1. Scape largely naked; pollen-grains biporate so far as known.
2. Inflorescence and scape glabrous or inconspicuously appressed-lepidote.
3. Leaf-spines not more than 3 mm. long; scape long and slender; sepals
16-30 (rarely to 34) mm. long.
4. Sepals narrowly triangular, subsymmetric, 22-34 mm. long; scape-
bracts and primary bracts serrate. (Fig. 86.)
2. C. cyathiforme
4. Sepals strongly asymmetric with a broadly truncate apex, 16 mm.
long; scape-bracts and primary bracts entire.... 3. C. fosterianum
3. Leaf-spines to 7 mm. long; scape short and stout so that the inflorescence
is but little elevated above the leaf-sheaths; sepals 38 mm. long.
4. C. giganteum
2. Inflorescence and scape densely ferruginous-lanate.
5. Scape 4 mm. in diameter; inflorescence 6-7 cm. in diameter without the
bracts; petals bearing 2 narrow calli............. 5. C. perplexum
5. Scape stout; inflorescence 7-12 cm. in diameter without the bracts; petals
bearing 2 fimbriate scales at the base. (Fig. 87.)..... 6. C. lindenii
1. Canistrum aurantiacum E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 23: 257, pl. 15. 1873.
Aechmea aurantiaca Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 235. 1879.
Brazi_: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG, type ?).
PernamsBuco: (Dois Irmaos), Ridley, Lea & Ramage (BM). Recife, Foster
2428 (GH, US).
2. Canistrum cyathiforme (Vell.) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 252. 1891.
Ficure 86.
Tillandsia cyathiformis Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 137. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 144.
1835.
Karatas regnellii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 10. 1889. In part, not as to type
(Nidularium giganteum).
Regelia regnellii Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 543. 1890.
Mosenia sicarius Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:27, pl. 5,
figs. I-11. 1801.
Canistrum regnellii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 252. 1801.
Canistrum schwackeanum Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67: 4. 1901.
Brazit: Sellow (B, F neg. 11304); Voss (GH, SP).
Minas Gerais: Pedra Branca, Caldas, Regnell III-1259 (B (F neg. 11303),
S, US). Corrego Alegre, Kuhlmann & Gehrt (GH, SP). Pouso Alegre,
Salvador (GH, SP).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Cachoeira do Rancho Frio, Serra dos Orgaos, Brade 16627
(RB). Teresdpolis, Foster 1014 (GH, US).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Hoehne (GH, SP); L. B. Smith 1843 (B, GH, S).
Apiai, M. Kuhlmann (GH, SP). Campos da Bocaina, Loefgren & Edwall
(SP, GH neg. 7174). Serra da Bocaina, Brade 21150 (RB, US). Campos
182 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
do Jordio, Eugenio 3346 (GH). Cunha, Kiehl & Franco (SP). Sorocaba,
Santos, Mosén 3705 (S). Mun. Amparo: Monte Alegre, M. Kuhlmann
981 (SP). Mun. Sao Paulo: Cantareira, Hoehne (GH, SP). Estacao
Florestal, Foster 340 (GH, R).
ParaNnA: Banhado, Serra do Mar, Dusén 15489-b (GH, S, US). Roca Nova,
Curitiba, Dusén 2318 (R). Jaguariaiva, Dusén 11716 (S, US); 14948 (S,
US). Mun. Piraquara: Estrada da Graciosa, Alto da Serra, Hatschbach
3054 (US).
~D ~,
ee OF ‘ies 8
Mas Pe, i
peor
en
Fic. 85.—Orthophytum disjunctum: a, Inflorescence, X %; b, floral bract,
xX 1; c, sepal, X 1; d, petal and stamen, X I.
Fic. 86.—Canistrum cyathiforme: a, Habit, X 1/20; b, inflorescence, KX %4;
c, floral bract and flower, X 14; d, sepal, X %; e, petal and stamens, X %. (All
after Lindman.)
3. Canistrum fosterianum L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 2: 195, pl. 62. 1952.
Baia: Salvador, Foster 2479 (US, type).
4. Canistrum giganteum (Baker) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. 2: 118. 1950.
Nidularium giganteum Baker, Journ. Bot. 18:50. 1880.
Karatas regnellii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 10. 1889. In part, as to type.
Canistrum cyathiforme Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 252, pl. 57. 1801.
In part, as to description and illustration, not as to basonym.
Canistrum ingratum Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67: 3. root.
Minas Gerais: Passo Quatro, Zikan (SP). Serra da Mantiqueira, Magelhdes
1585 (B, type of Canistrum ingratum Mez, F neg. 11302). Serra do Pict,
Glaziou 11692 (FM, US, isotypes). Mun. Jaboticatubas: Serra do Cipo,
Foster 609 (GH, US).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 183
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade 14051 (RB, US neg. 4204); Ferreira in L. B.
Smith 1713 (F, GH); Foster 128 (GH, R); L. B. Smith 1776 (GH).
SAo Pauto: Serra da Bocaina, Brade 21155 (RB, US).
5. Canistrum perplexum L. B. Smith, Proc. Amer. Acad. 70:148, pl. 1,
figs. 12-15. 1935.
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 373 (R); M. Kuhlmann (SP, US); L. B.
Smith 1969 (GH, type). Jard. Bot. SAo Paulo, Hoehne (SP).
6. Canistrum lindenii (Regel) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 256. 1801.
1. Primary and outer bracts yellowish white to nearly white, sometimes faintly
green at apex; inflorescence 100—-500-flowered........... Var. a. lindenii
2. Inflorescence sunk in the center of the rosette or raised only slightly.
Var. a. lindenii forma 1. exiguum
2. Inflorescence raised 20 cm. or more above the center of the rosette.
Var. a. lindenii forma 2. elatum
1. Primary and outer bracts colored green or rose; inflorescence 50-90-flowered.
ane eitiaty 2nd outer bracts Sreen.. 050s «.ccdvssio+anemars Var. b. viride
4. Inflorescence raised 20 cm. or more above the center of the rosette.
Var. b. viride forma I. magna
4. Inflorescence sunk in the center of the rosette or raised only slightly.
Var. b. viride forma 2. parva
3. Primary and outer bracts rose to bright red............. Var. c. roseum
5. Inflorescence raised 15 cm. or more above the center of the rosette.
Var. c. roseum forma I. procerum
5. Inflorescence sunk in the center of the rosette or raised only slightly.
Var. c. roseum forma 2. humile
6a. Canistrum lindenii var. lindenti
6a1. Forma exiguum Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 2:37. 1950.
Nidularium lindenit Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. for 1868: 78. 1860.
Canistrum eburneum E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 28: 207. 1878.
Aechmea eburnea Baker, Handb. Bromel. 69. 1880.
BraziL: Cultivated, Hort. Liége (LG, type).
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Brusque: Brusque, Reitz 3646 (HBR) ; 3849 (HBR,
US). Limeira, Reitz (HBR). Mun. Florianopolis: Itacorubi, Smith &
Reitz 6153 (R, US). Mun. Itajai: Praia Braba, Smith & Reitz 6006 (R,
RB, US). Mun. Porto Belo: Canto Grande, Reitz 3620 (HBR) ; 3620-a
(HBR).
6a. Canistrum lindenii var. lindenii
6a2. Forma elatum Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 2: 37. 1950.
Santa CaTaRINA: Sado Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3672 (HBR, type). Mun.
Itajai: Praia Braba, Reitz 4482 (HBR).
6b. Canistrum lindenii var. viride (E. Morr.) Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb.
Barbosa Rodrigues 2:38. 1950.
6b1. Forma magnum Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4:19. 1952.
Canistrum viride E. Morr. Catal. 7. 1873, nomen; Belg. Hortic. 24: 376,
pl. 16. 1874.
Aechmea viridis Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 235. 1879.
Canistrum lindenii var. viride forma elatum Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb.
Barbosa Rodrigues 2: 38. 1950.
184 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
ParaNnA: Ilha das Pecas, Baia de Paranagua, Hort. Liége (LG, type).
Santa CaTaRINA: Mun. Brusque: Ribeirao do Ouro, Reitz (HBR); 3917
(HBR).
6b2. Forma parvum Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4:19. 1952.
Canistrum linden var. viride forma exiguum Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb.
Barbosa Rodrigues 2:38. 1950.
Santa Catarina: Mun. Brusque: Brusque, Reitz 3918 (HBR). Ribeirado do
Ouro, Reitz 3586 (HBR). Mun. Florianopolis: Cacupé, Inst. Malariologia
(HBR). Ribeirdo da Ilha, Reitz 3922 (HBR). Mun. Nova Trento: Morro
do Bom Socorro, Reitz 3647 (HBR); 3914 (HBR). Mun. Palhoca:
Garopaba, Reitz 3698 (HBR).
6c. Canistrum lindenii var. roseum (E. Morr.) L. B. Smith, Anais Bot.
Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 2:14. 1950.
6c1. Forma procerum Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4:19. 1952.
Ficure 87.
Canistrum roseum E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 29: 301. 1870.
Aechmea rosea Baker, Handb. Bromel. 68. 1880.
? Aechmea fusca Baker, Handb. Bromel. 69. 1880.
? Canistrum fuscum E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 257.
1891.
? Canistrum binotii Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:5. 1919.
Canistrum lindenii var. roseum forma elatum Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb.
Barbosa Rodrigues 2:38. 1950.
Brazit: Cultivated, Atkinson 120 (MT); Comte de Germiny (LG, type, GH
neg. 2032).
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 292 (GH, R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: - Petropolis, Foster 337 (GH, R). Teresdpolis, collector? (R).
SAo Pauto: Moinho Velho, Gehrt (GH, SP). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén
3803 (S).
ParaNA: Curitiba to the sea, Foster 456 (GH). Jacarei, Dusén 15522 (GH,
S); 17054 (GH, S). Volta Grande, Dusén 12069 (S).
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Reitz (HBR). Mun. Biguagu: Fachinal, Reitz
4155 (HBR). Mun. Brusque: Ribeirao do Ouro, Reitz (HBR); 3561 in
part (HBR, US); 3587 (HBR).
6c2. Forma humile Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4:19. 1952.
Canistrum lindenti var. roseum forma exiguum Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb.
Barbosa Rodrigues 2: 38. 1950.
Santa CatarRINA: Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz C-1o11 (GH, HBR).
Mun. Brusque: Mata Azambuja, Inst. Malariologia (HBR). Brusque,
Mata Sao Pedro, Reitz 3181 (HBR, US). Mun. Floriandpolis: Ribeirao
da Ilha, Reitz 3833 (HBR) ; 3928 (HBR).
26. Wittrockia Lindm.
Wittrockia Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:15, 20. 1891.
Endemic to Brazil.
1. Petals acute; leaves coriaceous when dry, bearing spines up to 4 mm. long.
CEE OO) oo cre cans rectes tere aneteeet er scrs creer 1. W. superba
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 185
1. Petals obtuse; leaves thin, submembranaceous or papyraceous when dry,
finely serrulate.
2. Sepals nearly or quite free.
3. Inflorescence raised above the leaf-sheaths on a slender scape; leaf-
blades 20 mm. wide, green; sepals subsymmetric....... 2. W. minuta
3. Inflorescence sunk in the center of the leaf-rosette; leaf-blades 45 mm.
wide; sepals strongly asymmetric................. 3. W. amazonica
Fic. 87. Fic. 88.
Fic. 87.—Canistrum lindenii var. roseum f. procerum: a, Habit, X 1/18;
b, inflorescence, X 1/10; c, floral bract and flower, X 1; d, sepal, 1; e, petal
and stamens, X1. (All after Belgique Horticole.)
Fic. 88.—Wittrockia superba: a, Leaf, X %; b, inflorescence, X %;
c, sepals, X 1; d, petal and stamen, X I.
2. Sepals distinctly connate, subsymmetric.
4. Inflorescence sunk in the center of the leaf-rosette; leaves dark red, the
blades to 6 cm. wide; petals white and green......... 4. W. smithii
4. Inflorescence raised above the leaf-sheaths on a long scape; leaves green,
the blades much narrower. (Fig. 90.)
5. Sepals 28 mm. long; petals yellow at the apex. (Fig. 89.)
5. W. campos-portoi
5. Sepals 12 mm. long; petals blue at the apex. (Fig. 90.)
6. W. azurea
1. Wittrockia superba Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:20, pl. 2
figs. 13-21. Feb. 1891. Ficure 88.
Nidularium karatas sensu Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30:70. 1880
Not Lem. 1854.
186 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Nidularium wawreanum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 245. Nov. 1801.
Canistrum cruentum F. Mueller, Gartenflora 42: 717. 1893.
Canistrum superbum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 620. 18094.
Nidularium superbum Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 149. 1907.
Distrito FepERAL: Tijuca, Glaziou 13251 (GH).
Sao Pauto: Santos, Foster 487 (GH) ; Mosén 3704 (S).
ParANA: Near Santa Catarina boundary on Joinvile-Curitiba road, Reitz
3758-b (HBR).
SANTA CATARINA: Brusque, Reitz (HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz
C-493 (GH, HBR, US).
2. Wittrockia minuta (Mez) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo
nov. ser. 2: 197. 1952.
Nidularium minutum Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 4. 1910.
Canistrum minutum L. B. Smith, Proc. Amer. Acad. 68: 145, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5.
1933.
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 359 (GH); King (SP); D. Lemos (SP,
US); L. B. Smith, Hoehne & Kuhlmann 1829 (GH, US). Cultivated
from material sent from Alto da Serra by Wackett, Mez (B, type).
3. Wittrockia amazonica (Baker) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. 2: 197. 1952.
Karatas amazonica Baker, Gard. Chron. nov. ser. 25: 814. 1886.
Nidularium amazonicum Lindm. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 47: 541.
1890.
Canistrum amazonicum Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 249. 18or.
Brazi_: Cultivated, Royal Bot. Gard. (K, type, GH neg. 2686); Jard Bot.
Liége (LG).
4. Wittrockia smithii Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4: 10, pl. 5.
1952.
ParANA: Curitiba to Paranagua, Reitz 5760 (HBR, US).
Santa CATARINA: Ribeirao Grande, Taio, Reitz 4150 (HBR). Mun. Biguact:
Fachinal, Reitz 4207 (HBR, type). Mun. Blumenau: Morro Spitzkopf,
Reitz 4658 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 6282 (US); 6292 (R, US). Mun.
Brusque: Ribeirao do Ouro, Reitz 3561 in part (HBR, US). Mun. Imarui:
Vargem do Cedro, Reitz 4532 (HBR). Mun. Itajai: Morro do Bat, Reitz
(HBR, US). Mun. Palhoga: Anitapolis, Reitz 4536 (HBR).
5. Wittrockia campos-portoi L. B. Smith, p. 36, fig. 89.
BraziL: Cultivated, L. B. Smith (US, type; HBR).
6. Wittrockia azurea L. B. Smith, p. 36, fig. go.
Minas Gerats: Coronel Pacheco [Agua Limpal, Heringer 1536 (SP, type,
US neg. 4250).
27. Hohenbergia Schult. f.
Hohenbergia Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: p. Ixxi, 1251. 1830.
Guatemala, West Indies, Venezuela.
1. Floral bracts acuminate.
2. Inflorescence bipinnate with the spikes in a dense head, or rarely simple.
1. H. littoralis
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 187
2. Inflorescence amply tripinnate.
3. Floral bracts 20-30 mm. long; spikes capitate at the ends of the branches;
posterior sepals broadly alate-carinate. (Fig. 91.)..... 2. H. stellata
3. Floral bracts 12-18 mm. long; spikes usually separated along the
elongate branches.
4. Sepals and floral bracts serrulate; spikes aggregated in clusters that
are mostly broader than long............... 3. H. brachycephala
oO
u
Fic. 89. ; Fic. go.
Fic. 89.—Wittrockia campos-portoi: a, Habit, X 1/10; b, inflorescence XK 4;
c, floral bract, X 1; d, flower X 1; e, sepals, X 1; f, corolla lobes and stamens,
X 1; g, longitudinal section of ovary, X 1.
Fic. 90.—Wittrockia azurea: a, Habit, X %; }, floral bract and flower, X1;
c, sepal, X 1; d, base of petal, X 2; ¢, longitudinal section of ovary, X I.
4. Sepals and floral bracts entire.
5. Spikes broad and spiny because of the spreading floral bracts; mucro
of the sepal, 2-3.5 mm. long..). 2 ..j05 a= son mneene 4. H. horrida
5. Spikes smooth and slender because of the erect or suberect floral
bracts.
6. Branches of the inflorescence not more than 20 cm. long.
5. H. catingae
6. Branches of the inflorescence 25-40 cm. long.
6. H. caruaruensis
1. Floral bracts broadly acute or obtuse, usually mucronate.
7, Branches of the inflorescence very short.
8. Inflorescence densely bipinnate from a few spikes ; floral bracts muticous,
PEE As oa ides ocean wieamnmemaes 7. H. membranostrobilus
188 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
8. Inflorescence laxly tripinnate, interrupted, the spikes fascicled in the
axils of the primary bracts; floral bracts apiculate, pungent, 13 mm.
LONG, . 050 side eed meta a vee blo ve eee aeRO 8. H. disjuncta
7. Branches of the inflorescence, or at least the lowest, elongate.
9. Spikes completely glabrous.
10. Sepals 5.5-6 mm. long; spikes cylindrical, many-flowered. (Fig. 92.)
9. H. salzmannii
10. Sepals not over 4 mm. long; spikes globose or ellipsoid, few-flowered.
11. Plants to 2.4 m. high; sepals muticous......... 10. H. blanchetii
11. Plants less than 5 dm. high; sepals mucronate....... 11. H. minor
9. Spikes lanate or flocculose.
12. Indument dark ferruginous; spikes globose, mostly exceeding the
secondary bracts; sepals not auricled, 4.5 mm. long, mucronulate.
CPiG, OEY. cee eeue tees tare vil eieati covet saa 12. H. augusta
12. Indument very pale, whitish or yellowish; spikes slender (except
H. eriantha).
13. Secondary bracts equaling or exceeding the globose spikes; sepals
strongly mucronate, 5 mm. long...........+++- 13. H. eriantha
13. Secondary bracts shorter than the slender spikes; sepals mucronu-
late.
14. Floral bracts 8 mm. long, much exceeded by the sepals.
14. H. ramageana
14. Floral bracts 11-15 mm. long, equaling or exceeding the sepals.
15. Sepals auricled, 4-5 mm. long............64. 15. H. ridleyi
15. Sepals not auricled, 6 mm. long........... 16. H. utriculosa
1. Hohenbergia littoralis L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 33, pl. 3,
figs. II-I3. 1940.
Baia: Salvador, Foster 46 (GH, type (US neg. 4030, 4031), R). Itapoa near
Salvador, L. B. Smith 7115 (US).
2. Hohenbergia stellata Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1251. 1830.
FIGURE OI.
Aechmea glomerata Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 93: pl. 5668. 1867. As to material
illustrated.
Aechmea oligosphaera Baker, Handb. Bromel. 48. 1880.
Aechmea longisepala Baker, Handb. Bromel. 48. 1880.
Hohenbergia oligosphaera Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 124. 1896.
Brazit: Cultivated, Hennings (GH).
Praui: Guaribas, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Parnagua, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Baia: Blanchet (BM); Porte (P, GH neg. 2071). Agua Preta, Foster 79
(GH). Milagres to Maracas, Foster 2453 (US). Paramirim dos Creoulos,
Luetzelburg (! Mez). Salvador, Foster 41 (GH, R). Rio Sao Francisco,
northeastern Baia, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Sincora, Martius (M, type).
Aso: Topaco, TRINIDAD, VENEZUELA.
3. Hohenbergia brachycephala L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 32,
pl. 3, figs. 14-16. 1940.
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 64 in part (R). Rio Grungogi, Curran 121 (US,
type, US neg. 3515).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 189
4. Hohenbergia horrida Harms, Notizblatt 12: 525. 1035.
Paraiba: Campina Grande to Caruart’ (in Pernambuco), Foster 2420 (US).
Campina Grande to Pocinhos, Foster 2416 (US).
PERNAMBUCO: Pocao, Pickel 3519 (B, type).
5. Hohenbergia catingae Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 195. 1908.
BraziL: Cultivated, Brade et al. 19146 (RB, US).
POW
a
Fic. 91.—Hohenbergia stellata: a, Apex of leaf, X %; b, scape and inflores-
cence, X %; c, floral bract and flower, 1; d, petal and stamens, X 1. (All
after Pflanzenreich.)
Fic. 92.—Hohenbergia salzmannii: a, Upper part of habit, ca. 1/20; b,
branch of inflorescence, 1; c, flower, X 1; d, sepal, 1; e, longitudinal sec-
tion of ovary, X 1. (b and c after Flora Brasiliensis.)
Bafa: (Caldeirao), Rio das Contas, Ule 7042 (B, type, F neg. 11295). Iturassu
to Maracas, Foster 2456 (US). Jacobina, Foster 86 (GH). Milagres to
Maracas, Foster 2454 (US). Mun. Amargosa: Milagres, Foster 2475
(US) ; 2476 (US). Mun. Geremoabo: Schery 494 (GH).
6. Hohenbergia caruaruensis Harms, Notizblatt 11: 780. 1933.
PerNAMBucO: Caruart, Pickel 2900 (B, type).
7. Hohenbergia membranostrobilus Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 260.
1801.
Rio pE JANEIRO: (Serra Gongala), Glaziou 8984 (B, type, F neg. 112096).
DistriITO FEDERAL: Cultivated (?), Quinta, Glaziou 18566 (P).
8. Hohenbergia disjuncta L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 33, pl. 3,
fig. 7-10. 1940.
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 64 in part (GH, type (US neg. 4032, 4033), R).
Igo SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
9. Hohenbergia salzmannii (Baker) E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3,
pt. 3: 271, pl. 60, fig. 2. 1891. FicuRE 92.
Aechmea salzmannii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 49. 1880.
Hohenbergia sellowiana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 132. 1806.
Brazi_: Sellow bromel. 67 in part (P, type of Hohenbergia sellowiana Mez,
GH neg. 2972).
Baia: Salvador, Foster 44 (GH, R); Lindman A-63 (S); Lutz (GH);
Rose & Russell 19895 (US); Smith, Seabra & Leao da Costa 7113 (US).
10. Hohenbergia blanchetii (Baker) E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3,
pt. 3: 267. 18or.
Aechmea blanchetii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 49. 1880.
Bafa: Agua Preta, Foster 75 (GH, R). Ilheus, Blanchet 2996 (BM, type,
US neg. 4022). Rio Grungogi, Curran 168 (US); 199 (US).
Espirito SANTO: Rio Jucu, Foster 214 (US).
11. Hohenbergia minor L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 34, pl. 3, figs. 17,
18. 1940.
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 69 (GH). Itapira, Foster 69-A (GH, type, US
neg. 4034).
12. Hohenbergia augusta (Vell.) E. Morr. Catal. 9. 1873. Ficure 93.
Tillandsia augusta Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 135. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 135. 1835.
Pironneava glomerata Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 63. 1843.
Aechmea glomerata Hook. Bot. Mag. 93: pi. 5668. 1867. As to basonym
only.
Aechmea augusta Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 162. 1879.
Aechmea multiceps Baker, Journ. Bot. 18: 49. 1880.
Hohenbergia ferruginea Carr. Rev. Hortic. 53: 437, fig. 104. 1881.
Espirito SANTO: Vitdéria, Foster 192 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Niteroi, Smith & Brade 2346 (GH).
Distrito FepERAL: Andarai Grande, Glaziou 11681 (P, type of Aechmea multi-
ceps Baker, GH neg. 3039). Gavea, Reitz 3838 (HBR); Ule 4139 (R).
Jardim Botanico to Alto da Boa Vista, L. B. Smith 1374 (B, BA, BM,
F, GH, K, P, S, US). Monte do Cochrane, L. B. Smith 1409 (GH, S).
SAo Pauto: Iguapé, Loefgren & Edwall (GH, SP). Prainha, Santos, Foster
483 (GH); Gehrt (SP, US).
ParANnA: Caioba, Foster 441 (GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP, US).
SANTA CATARINA: Gaudichaud 128 (P, type of Pironneava glomerata Gaud.,
GH neg. 3040). Blumenau, Reitz 4182 (HBR). Mun. Brusque: Brusque,
Inst. Malariologia (HBR). Limeira, Reitz 3634 (HBR). Mun. Floria-
nopolis: Lagoa de Piri, Smith & Reitz 6103 (US). Mun. Itajai: Canoas,
Luiz Alves, Reitz 4757 (! Reitz). Mun. Palhoca: Garopaba, Reitz 3701
(HBR). Mun. Porto Belo: Canto Grande, Reitz 3613 (HBR).
13. Hohenbergia eriantha (Brongn. ex Baker) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3,
pt. 3: 269. 1891.
Aechmea eriantha A. Brongn. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 47. 1889.
PERNAMBUCO (?): Cultivated, Jard. Bot. Paris (P, type, GH neg. 2973).
14. Hohenbergia ramageana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:127. 1806.
Paraisa: Areia, Vasconcelos 208 (RB, US). Joao Pessoa [Paraiba do Norte],
Xavier A (GH).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH IgI
PernAmsBuco: Afogadas to Boa Viagem, Baker & Collins (GH). (Dois
Irmaos), Ridley & Ramage (BM, type, US neg. 4021).
SAo Pauto: Itapecerica da Serra, Rio Embt-Guasst, Handro 384 (SP, US).
15. Hohenbergia ridleyi (Baker) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:266. I8ot.
Aechmea ridleyi Baker, Handb. Bromel. 47. 1880.
Hohenbergia pickelui Harms, Notizblatt 10: 785. 1920.
ParAiBA—-PERNAMBUCO: Taboleiro de També [Itambé], Pickel 3429 (IPA).
PERNAMBUCO: Forsett 55 (S). Iguaracu, Ridley & Ramage (BM, type, US
neg. 4020). Tapera, Pickel (R); 1921 (B, type of Hohenbergia pickelii
Harms, F neg. 11298).
16. Hohenbergia utriculosa Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 196. 1908.
Baia: Maracas, Foster 2461 (US). Milagres to Maracas, Foster 2440 (US).
Milagres, Foster 2477 (US). Serra do Sincora, Ule 7132 (B, type, F neg.
11209).
28. Gravisia Mez
Gravisia Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 180. 1891, 299. 1802.
Costa Rica, Jamaica, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela, Guiana.
1. Flowers fasciculate on very short branches; floral bracts large.
2. Inflorescence lax, at least toward the base; scape-bracts flat, uniform in
texture and all entire; sepals 14 mm. long............. 1. G. aquilega
2. Inflorescence dense throughout; scape-bracts with involute much thick-
ened apices, the lower ones serrate; sepals 18 mm. long.
2. G. capitata
1. Flowers pinnate on elongate branches; floral bracts minute; sepals 14 mm,
Maer et wen eyelet cE eles coe so s'saeccis dee Domne 3. G. constantinii
1. Gravisia aquilega (Salisb.) Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:173. 18096.
FIGURE 94.
Bromelia aquilega Salisb. Parad. Lond. pl. 40. 1806.
Bromelia exsudans Lodd. Bot. Cab. 9: pl. 8or, 1824.
Aechmea aquilega Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 592. 1864.
Aechmea exsudans Baker, Handb. Bromel. 44. 1880.
Aechmea chrysocoma Baker, Handb. Bromel. 44. 1889.
Aechmea aquilegioides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 698. 1801.
Gravisia exsudans Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 300. 1892.
Gravisia chrysocoma Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 301, pl. 65. 18092.
BraziL: Cultivated, Devansaye (LG); Foster 60 (GH).
ParA: Rio Gurupi, Lopes (R). Rio Irituia, C. F. Baker 433 (MG).
MarANHAO: Rio Maracacume, Frdes 1948-a (GH, NY).
CearA: Aratuba [Coite or Santos Dumont], Cutler 8178 (US). Serra de
Baturité, Ule 8993 (B, F neg. 11284). (Cume do Bico), Serra de Baturité,
Ducke (MG). (Riacho do Capim), Huber (MG).
PERNAMBUCO: Afogadas to Boa Viagem, Baker & Collins (GH). (Caxagua),
Ridley, Lea & Ramage (BM). Iguaragu, Ramage (BM).
Baia: Ituragu to Maracas, Foster 2457 (US). Jacobina, Foster 91 (GH, R).
Portoa, Foster 84 (GH, R). Salvador, Foster 45 (GH). Salvador to
Feira, Foster 2433 (US). Boca do Rio, Salvador, Smith, Seabra & Ledo
da Costa 7114 (US).
Aso: Costa Rica, VENEZUELA, TRINIDAD, ToBaGo, GUIANA.
192 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
2. Gravisia capitata (Schult.) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo
nov. ser. 1:57, pl. 73, fig. 2. 1041.
Hohenbergia capitata Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1252. 1830.
Baia: Almada, Martius (M, type).
Espiriro SAnto: Santa Teresa, Foster 284 (GH, R).
3. Gravisia constantinii Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 14: 245. 1916,
BraziL: Cultivated, Jard. Bot. Paris (P, type).
Fic. 93. Fic. 94.
Fic. 93.—Hohenbergia augusta: a, Apex of leaf, X %4; b, inflorescence, K %4;
c, floral bract and flower, X 2; d, petal and stamens, <5. (All after Gaudi-
chaud.)
Fic. 94.—Gravisia aquilega: a, Apex of leaf, * %4; b, inflorescence, XK %4;
c, sepal, X2.5; d, longitudinal section of ovary, 2.5. (All after Flora
Brasiliensis. )
29. Aechmea R. & P.
Aechmea R. & P. Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 47. 1794, nomen conservandum.
México and the West Indies to Argentina.
1. Petal-appendages well developed; inflorescence simple or compound, never
perennial.
2. Inflorescence compound, or if simple then lax or cyathiform or the flowers
distichous.
3. Sepals unarmed; flowers in more than two ranks.
Subgenus Lamprococcus
(Species 1-14)
—E—— Oe —
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 193
3. Sepals mucronate or mucronulate, or if unarmed then the flowers
distichous.
4. Inflorescence not cyathiform.
5. Floral bracts neither decurrent nor forming pouches around the
flowers, distichous or polystichous.
6. "Sepals nearly or quite free.........ccensees Subgenus Aechmea
(Species 15-40)
6. Sepals connate for one-third to half their length, their mucros
about as long as their free lobes...... Subgenus Hoplophytum
(Species 41-50)
5. Floral bracts decurrent and forming pouches around the flowers,
MISTRESS toa vis 016 Vases cles wae Sete Subgenus Platyaechmea
(Species 51-54)
4. Inflorescence cyathiform, its bracts or the inner leaves of the rosette
forming an involucre about it, compound or simple.
Subgenus Ortgiesia
(Species 55-60)
2. Inflorescence simple, strobilate with the flowers in many ranks, scapose,
not at all cyathiform (the bracts massed below the inflorescence in some
species but spreading and not forming an involucre).
7. Sepals mucronate or mucronulate; petal-appendages basal or higher.
Subgenus Pothuava
(Species 61-73)
7. Sepals unarmed; appendages usually inserted well above the base of the
ie AN re Se tictaptatta a slew s sis so + yeas Subgenus Macrochordium
(Species 74-80)
1. Petal-appendages rudimentary or reduced; inflorescence simple or rarely
digitate, perennial; flowers strobilate, in many ranks; floral bracts thick
and more or less ligneous in the Brazilian species.
Subgenus Purpurospadix
(Species 81-92)
The above definitions of subgenera largely follow Mez’s system,
but make allowance for a species with a simple inflorescence, Aechmea
contracta, in subgenus Platyaechmea. The subgenus Ortgiesia is
retained pending further study, although the range of sepal fusion
indicates that it might be a more natural disposition of the species
to distribute them among the other subgenera. The natural division
of the genus is now so involved that the following more or less
artificial key is more practical for the purposes of identification.
CONSPECTUS OF SUBKEYS
%. Inflorescence compound............6ds'vt W's Mie Aidete anne. s Subkey A
1. Inflorescence simple.
2, Fierabbracts serrulate.0. 26.060 6 CON he PO Paes are Subkey B
2. Floral bracts entire.
3. The floral bracts flat, usually thin, nerved.................. Subkey C
3. The floral bracts navicular, enfolding at least the base of the flower.
Subkey D
194 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
SUBKEY A
1. Floral bracts serrate; flowers in more than two ranks.
2. Primary bracts foliaceous, spreading; spikes globose, to 15 cm. in diameter ;
floral bracts thick, recurved; sepals 30 mm. long, free.
81. Ae. fernandae
2. Primary bracts bracteiform, erect and forming an involucre about the in-
florescence; spikes longer than broad, small; floral bracts thin, erect.
3. Margins of the floral bracts decurrent, forming pouches; sepals 9 mm.
Tenge s PIOWONS SF MARR Un in ss woe das dceo een 55. Ae. hamata
3. Margins of the floral bracts free.
4. Primary bracts shorter than the branches; sepals unarmed, free;
HOWErs TZ etitizg lONP Ace ce ao okie oe cicic < sles oa dotare 56. Ae. caesia
4. Primary bracts exceeding the branches; sepals mucronulate, connate;
lOWSES 20-25) him GG ees. tie, dhainosaysincdnoaip ow ae’ 57. Ae. fasciata
1. Floral bracts entire or at most slightly erose.
5. Rhachis winged or excavated; floral bracts decurrent and forming pouches;
flowers in two ranks. (Fig. 101.)
6. Scape-bracts all densely imbricate; primary bracts entire, small; floral
bracts about equaling the ovary; sepals mucronulate 5-13 mm. long.
51. Ae. distichantha
6. Scape-bracts massed toward the top of the scape but lax below; primary
bracts serrulate; leaves concolorous (For species with dark-banded
leaves see note under 38. Ae. chantinii).
7. Floral bracts exceeding the ovary; leaf-blades not narrowed toward
the base.
8. Spikes long-stipitate; sepals unarmed, 10-12 mm. long.
52. Ae. amazonica
8. Spikes short-stipitate or sessile; sepals mucronulate, to 7.5 mm.
DOSE. os ona Sry wibla ka a MeeeN ie ieoeeaiR Eas as © 53. Ae. tillandsioides
7. Floral bracts shorter than the ovary at anthesis; leaf-blades sub-
petiolate; sepals apiculate, 5-8 mm. long....... 54. Ae. contracta
5. Rhachis more or less angled but never winged nor excavated.
9. Floral bracts equaling or exceeding the sepals.
10. Inflorescence lax, tripinnate or more divided.
11. Floral bracts divergent, not touching one another; sepals 21-24
ALTE LGA ose Serato Gee ate ieee ahers 16. Ae. blanchetiana
11. Floral bracts imbricate; sepals 17 mm. long... 17. Ae. fraudulosa
10. Inflorescence dense.
12. Leaf-blades with broad dark purple spots beneath; inflorescence
ovoid, 7 cm. long; sepals free, 11 mm. long, mucronulate.
18. Ae. orlandiana
12. Leaf-blades concolorous; inflorescence cylindric or slenderly fusi-
form, nearly 30 cm. long.
13. Sepals free, 9 mm. long, unarmed. (Fig. 96.).. 15. Ae. mutica
13. Sepals connate, 23 mm. long including the 5 mm. mucro.
41. Ae. macrochlamys
9. Floral bracts distinctly surpassed by the sepals.
14. The floral bracts in the form of a cylinder or cup, completely en-
closing the base of the ovary. (Fig. 97.)
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 195
15. Mucro of the floral bracts 3-5 mm. long; inflorescence fertile
throughout; sepals 3-10 mm. long.
16. Spikes very dense; flowers few, subfasciculate; sepals mucronate.
CEG Farrer dies eee cette eh, AR 19. Ae. mertensii
16. Spikes lax; flowers obviously in two ranks; sepals obscurely
hiucronulate Of tidarmed.......-...e0cness 20. Ae. huebneri
15. Mucro of the floral bracts to 15 mm. long; inflorescence partly
sterile; sepals 16-21 mm. long.
17. Branches at the base of the inflorescence reduced to fascicles of
sterile setiform bracts; inflorescence pale-flocculose, soon
PVADLOUS mies itis oie eco a's ons te wlan einer 21. Ae. setigera
17. Branches all bearing a few flowers at their bases, but the upper
branches with sterile apices; inflorescence densely ferruginous-
MQUCTIOSE SHAUN circ cule cae des ceak ceeaees 22. Ae. kuntzeana
14. The floral bracts narrower, not completely enclosing the base of the
ovary.
18. Sepals connate for one-third to half their length, their mucros
nearly or quite as long as their free lobes; scape-bracts very
thin, soon disintegrating.
19. Inflorescence digitate; spikes few, strobilate, many-flowered.
66. Ae. calyculata
19. Inflorescence paniculate; spikes many, lax, few-flowered.
20. Petals white; leaves frequently banded; flowers 15 mm. long;
sepals 3.5 mm. long without the 3 mm. mucro.
42. Ae. candida
20. Petals colored.
21. The petals yellow; inflorescence densely white-flocculose;
branches slender, geniculate; scape-bracts mostly imbri-
cate; flowers 20-25 mm. long.......... 43. Ae. caudata
21. The petals blue.
22. Inflorescence persistently white-flocculose; branches nearly
or quite straight; flowers 20 mm. long.
44. Ae. coelestis
22. Inflorescence soon glabrous; branches geniculate.
23. Flowers 17 mm. long; scape-bracts mostly imbricate.
45. Ae. organensis
23. Flowers 25 mm. long; scape-bracts mostly remote.
46. Ae. gracilis
18. Sepals nearly or quite free, their mucros relatively short.
24. Mucros of the sepals evident without a lens. To p. 197.
25. Flowers imbricate, all touching each other; inflorescence very
dense; spikes densely few-flowered; sepals 6 mm. long with-
out-the 4°mm. muero:. 0... sss. 23. Ae. phanerophlebia
25. Flowers lax, not touching or only the immature ones.
26. Sepals 12-23 mm. long (unrecorded in Ae. megalantha which
has petals 35 mm. long) ; inflorescence amply 3-4-pinnate.
27. Floral bracts 10-12 mm. long, exceeding the ovary.
24. Ae. eurycorymbus
27. Floral bracts much shorter than the ovary.
28. The floral bracts setiform from a small triangular base,
2-3 mm. long; inflorescence tomentose-lepidote.
196 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
29. Inflorescence dense except toward the base, its axes
stout; primary bracts broad; sepals 23 mm. long.
25. Ae. tomentosa
29. Inflorescence lax, its axes slender; primary bracts
narrow; sepals 12 mm. long. (Fig. 98.)
26. Ae. stelligera
28. The floral bracts broad.
30. Petals 25 mm. long; floral bracts 5-8 mm. long.
27. Ae. werdermannii
30. Petals 35 mm. long; floral bracts 1-3 mm. long.
28. Ae. megalantha
26. Sepals 4-10 mm. long.
31. Spikes 9-20 cm. long; rhachis straight; flowers in more
than two ranks. (Fig. 99.)......... 29. Ae. lingulata
31. Spikes short; rhachis often flexuous or geniculate.
32. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular; ovary trigonous; sepals
Oita Mone set ee ise. 30. Ae. purpureo-rosea
32. Leaf-blades ligulate.
33. Floral bracts navicular; rhachis strongly quadrangu-
lar; inflorescence bipinnate; sepals 4-5 mm. long.
31. Ae. angustifolia
33. Floral bracts nearly flat; rhachis subterete or irregu-
larly angled with the flowers in more than two ranks.
34. Mucro of the floral bract longer than the incon-
spicuous base; trichomes of the inflorescence
linear; sepals 5 mm. long....... 32. Ae. sprucei
34. Mucro of the floral bract no longer than the sub-
orbicular base.
35. Ovaries 15 mm. long, minutely verrucose; inflores-
cence subdense, ovoid, 17 cm. long; floral bracts
4 mm. long; sepals 9-10 mm. long.
33. Ae. melinonii
35. Ovaries not more than 10 mm. long, even; in-
florescence lax at least at the base; floral bracts
from more than half as long to exceeding the
ovaries; sepals 5-8 mm. long.
36. Petals nearly 3 times as long as the sepals, blue;
sepals 8 mm. long; inflorescence narrowly
ovoid, 17 cm. long; lower primary bracts
about equaling the branches.
34. Ae. azurea
36. Petals only about twice as long as the sepals,
yellow (uncertain in Ae. tocantina); sepals
5 mm. long without the mucro; inflorescence
narrowly cylindric or laxly digitate or pin-
nate from several long cylindric branches
that greatly exceed the primary bracts.
37. Spike-rhachis geniculate; inflorescence cob-
webby, becoming glabrous.
35. Ae. ramosa
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 197
37. Spike-rhachis straight; inflorescence covered
with fine appressed stellate trichomes.
36. Ae. tocantina
24. Mucro of the sepal lacking or invisible without a lens, sepals
sometimes acuminate with a soft apex.
38. Inflorescence amply tripinnate, densely lanate; sepals ovate,
soft-acuminate, 11 mm. long............. 37. Ae. araneosa
38. Inflorescence not more than bipinnate.
39. Leaf-blades marked with spots or bands; sepals 10 mm. long.
40. Floral bracts minute; leaves two-ranked; inflorescence
Gere Eres oe EES. ERR 1. Ae. marmorata
40. Floral bracts exceeding the ovary; leaves in more than
two ranks.
41. Scape-bracts imbricate; inflorescence short and dense.
38. Ae. chantinii
41. Scape-bracts remote; inflorescence elongate.
39. Ae. fosteriana
39. Leaf-blades concolorous.
42. Ovary alate; inflorescence few-flowered; floral bracts
large; sepals 8 mm. long, connate for 4 mm.
2. Ae. brachycaulis
42. Ovary wingless, terete.
43. Leaf-sheaths erect, forming a slender cylinder, con-
cealing most of the short scape.
44. Floral bracts minute; sepals 7 mm. long.
3. Ae. corymbosa
44. Floral bracts to 7 mm. long; sepals 3.5 mm. long.
4. Ae. brevicollis
43. Leaf-sheaths divergent, much exceeded by the scape.
45. Floral bracts evident, equaling about the middle of
the ovary; scape-bracts red, persistent.
46. Flowers in two ranks; primary bracts narrow;
sepals subfree, 4-6 mm. long.
40. Ae. schultesiana
46. Flowers in more than two ranks; primary bracts
ample; sepals about a third connate, 8 mm. long.
5. Ae. weilbachii
45. Floral bracts minute or lacking.
47. Inflorescence simple in its apical half.
48. Flowers distinctly pedicellate; scape-bracts red,
ample, enclosing the scape; sepals 4 mm. long
(Pigs 05. )ivcts tee veesveasene 6. Ae. podantha
48. Flowers sessile; sepals 5-6 mm. long.
49. Ovary even; petal-blades wholly red.
7. Ae. fulgens
49. Ovary verrucose; petal-blades with white mar-
GINS. A tee Ge es Ue ree 8. Ae. capixabae
47. Inflorescence branched throughout.
50. Petals white; sepals 6.5 mm. long.
9. Ae. corallina
198 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
50. Petals colored; sepals 4 mm. long.
51. Inflorescence longer than broad; petal-blades
WhHOLy DIUC.....0.carnnanee 10. Ae. miniata
51. Inflorescence about as broad as long; petal-
blades blue only at the apex.
11, Ae. conglomerata
SUBKEY B
1. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, acuminate, 4-30 mm. wide; scape not ex-
ceeding the leaf-sheaths; sepals to 17 mm. long.
2. Sepals broad, strongly asymmetric, rounded and mucronate; leaf-spines
GPCI Nl, adhd cake sis Ag Apwinividwn wens veiorsinnde dp eabres 58. Ae. recurvata
2. Sepals narrowly lance-triangular, acuminate; leaf-spines recurved.
59. Ae. pitcairnioides
1. Leaf-blades ligulate, acuminate to broadly rounded and apiculate, 60-150 mm.
wide; scape various.
3. Sepals 25-30 mm. long, narrow, subsymmetric; leaf-blades acuminate,
channeled toward the base; species of the Amazon Basin.
4. Leaves and bracts sparsely pale-lepidote to glabrous on the under side.
81. Ae. fernandae
4. Leaves densely ferruginous-lepidote on the under side.
82. Ae. rubiginosa
3. Sepals 17-20 mm. long, often strongly asymmetric; leaf-blades acute to
rounded and apiculate, not channeled; species of eastern Brazil.
5. Scape-bracts laxly if at all imbricate, small, colored; leaf-blades bearing
HpOad Mv bite CLOSS WANES ec eomiaisle sw ss wos Dasiow oie vu'e 57. Ae. fasciata
5. Scape-bracts densely imbricate, more or less foliaceous; leaf-blades
concolorous.
6. Inflorescence globose to cylindric; scape elongate.
7. Bases of the leaves and scape-bracts green, scarcely different from
the. blades. (PIA EOC). civic tion ve sews 61. Ae. pectinata
7. Bases of the leaves and scape-bracts dark castaneous to nearly
black, (GRIe FOG) sachs bth orloa biaes cians 83. Ae. multiflora
6. Inflorescence depressed-globose; scape very short.
8. Scape-bracts and floral bracts red, drying to dark castaneous; floral
bracts coarsely serrate, flat toward the base.... 84. Ae. depressa
8. Scape-bracts and floral bracts always green; floral bracts serrulate,
their bases enfolding the flowers............... 85. Ae. saxicola
SUBKEY C
1. Flowers mostly in two ranks; leaves subpetiolate; floral bracts shorter than
the ovary at anthesis; sepals apiculate, 5-8 mm. long... 54. Ae. contracta
1. Flowers mostly in more than two ranks.
2. Sepals obtuse or acute with a soft apex, never mucronate nor pungent.
3. Inflorescence lax, its axis plainly visible.
4. Flowers slenderly pedicellate; inflorescence usually pendulous; sepals
0 tim, long: Gyaty Werrucdse. 0 semanas + as 002 0.05 12. Ae. racinae
4. Flowers sessile.
5. Ovary strongly alate; scape-bracts entire; sepals 8 mm. long; floral
bracts. largess. psdsatemeeecnreeeae ess (2. Ae. brachycaulis)
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 199
5. Ovary terete; lower scape-bracts serrulate; sepals 4.5 mm. long;
floral, bractsn minutes divieis.ss os creela osie's a@sunt ak 13. Ae. victoriana
3. Inflorescence dense, few-flowered, its axis completely hidden by the
flowers and floral bracts; sepals 8-9 mm. long.
6. Sepals symmetric; inflorescence subcorymbiform ; scape about equaling
the leaf-sheathsisieiies, ovicnwc «s*,« iN eretarerd bith. ahbaseeliie ¢ 14. Ae. mitis
6. Sepals strongly asymmetric; inflorescence distinctly spicate; scape
RIGGROLCD. ek s5 sc nieiiels ween wists «syeuineli «aceite 62. Ae. turbinocalyx
2. Sepals mucronate or pungent.
7. Scape-bracts massed below the inflorescence, spreading, ample, thin, red,
PETHIACHE. xe TOA ae diieats oa tae ee os endemic s 63. Ae. nudicaulis
7. Scape-bracts about equally distributed along the scape.
8. Inflorescence lax, its axis clearly visible; sepals usually connate for
about half their length; scape-bracts narrow, thin, fragile and soon
lost. (Fig. 100.)
9. Petals white.
10. Leaves broadly rounded and apiculate, sometimes banded; sepals
3.5 mm. long without the 3 mm. mucro....... 42. Ae. candida
10. Leaves abruptly acuminate, densely and evenly cinereous-lepidote
beneath; sepals 4 mm. long without the I mm. mucro. (Fig.
PENA) e Hen AEG hide cls Ce eST sh Sea Hosea meee 47. Ae. bicolor
9. Petals colored.
11. The petals yellow.!
12, Flowers subverticillate; leaves often white-banded beneath;
sepals 7 mm. long including the 3 mm. mucro.
48. Ae. blumenavii
12. Flowers evenly distributed along the axis or more lax toward
the base, but not at all verticillate; leaves not banded; sepals
7-11 mm. long including the long mucro,
13. Sepals connate for one-third to half their length.
43. Ae. caudata
13. Sepals short-connate; anthesis beginning in the middle of
CHG IflOrescence.s S627. TO wees 49. Ae. kertesziae
11. The petals blue.
14. Inflorescence very lax, few-flowered, soon glabrous; flowers
25 mm. long; scape-bracts mostly remote... 46. Ae. gracilis
14. Inflorescence with its axis slightly exposed, many-flowered.
15. Flowers 20 mm. long; inflorescence stout; floral bracts soft.
64. Ae. cylindrata
15. Flowers 15 mm. long; inflorescence slender; floral bracts
PRIAMCTEY, «Ss v'c'u's'sie's ce des aye eee 50. Ae. gamosepala
8. Inflorescence dense, all or nearly all of its axis concealed by the
flowers and floral bracts.
16. Floral bracts and sepals dark castaneous, coriaceous; flowers
strongly complanate; sepals 34 mm. long, wholly covered by the
bracts; inflorescence 14 cm. in diameter...... 86. Ae. conifera
16. Floral bracts and sepals stramineous or brightly colored; flowers
terete or nearly so; sepals not wholly concealed by the bracts.
1This group of species centering in Santa Catarina is practically impossible to classify
now on the basis of herbarium material. Its further elaboration awaits the conclusion of
field studies by Reitz.
200 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
17. Leaf-sheaths concealing the inflorescence; sepals to 17 mm. long,
much connate; flowers to 38 mm. long..... 58. Ae. recurvata
17. Leaf-sheaths surpassed by the inflorescence.
18. Petals blue; floral bracts quickly deciduous; flowers 20 mm.
FONE eee oe AIS 64. Ae. cylindrata
18. Petals yellow; floral bracts persistent.
19. Scape short, barely raising the inflorescence above the leaf-
sheaths; flowers 25 mm. long... 60. Ae. pimenti-velosoi
19. Scape elongate.
20. Floral bracts subnavicular and enfolding the base of the
ovary; mucro about half as long as the calyx-lobe;
Howes Bo tai: lone... ee CIS Red 65. Ae. comata
20. Floral bracts very narrow; mucro almost as long as the
calyx-lobe; flowers 17 mm. long.... 66. Ae. calyculata
SUBKEY D
1. Sepals mucronulate or pungent.
2. Floral bracts and sepals completely covered with a white woolly indument ;
inflorescence cylindric, 6 cm. in diameter; sepals 10 mm. long.
87. Ae. perforata
2. Floral bracts and sepals clearly visible.
3. The floral bracts thin, strongly nerved.
4. Flowers finally becoming reflexed; floral bracts suborbicular; leaves
spinose-acuminate; sepals 14 mm. long, their mucros 3 mm. long.
67. Ae. squarrosa
4. Flowers never more than spreading.
5. Floral bracts emarginate; inflorescence with a conspicuous coma of
sterile bracts; sepals 9 mm. long, their mucros minute.
68. Ae. alopecurus
5. Floral bracts acute to acuminate.
6. Scape-bracts subcoriaceous, persistent, ample, very densely imbri-
cate and wholly concealing the scape; leaves acute or acuminate;
petals blue toward the apex; flowers 20-25 mm. long; sepals
8-10 mm. long, lanate at the base....... 69. Ae. vanhoutteana
6. Scape-bracts membranaceous, soon disintegrating, narrow, the
lower ones laxly imbricate to remote; leaves rounded and
apiculate; petals yellow.
7. Inflorescence lax especially toward the base, anthesis beginning
in the middle ; sepals 7 mm. long exclusive of the 3 mm. mucro.
49. Ae. kertesziae
7. Inflorescence dense throughout, its axis completely hidden;
sepals 3-5 mm. long exclusive of the 1.5-2 mm. mucro.
8. Lower scape-bracts mostly exceeding the internodes, nar-
rowly triangullar....... ssslsicesseeccscnes 65. Ae. comata
8. Lower scape-bracts remote, ovate........... 70. Ae. kleinii
3. The floral bracts thick, coriaceous or woody.
9. Apices of the floral bracts angled, acuminate, not truly mucronate;
sepals 22-27 mm. long.
10. Scape-bracts serrate; floral bracts and sepals punctulate-lepidote.
88. Ae. sphaerocephala
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—-SMITH 201
10. Scape-bracts entire; floral bracts and sepals completely covered
with appressed white scales. (Fig. 110.).... 89. Ae. leucolepis
9. Apices of the floral bracts mucronate with terete spines.
11. Sepals 26 mm. long; floral bracts acuminate into an 8-12 mm.
mucro; inflorescence green........... 90. Ae. stephanophora
11. Sepals not over 17 mm. long.
12. The sepals free.
13. Sepals 4.5 mm. long, the mucro minute; petals yellow.
71. Ae. pineliana
13. Sepals 8-17 mm. long.
14. Axis of the inflorescence lanate; floral bracts slightly thick-
ened toward the apex; mucro of the sepals minute.
68. Ae. alopecurus
14. Axis of the inflorescence appressed-lepidote; floral bracts
much thickened toward the apex.
15. Sepals 8-9 mm. long; scape slender; petals white or
RCMB Sg coe i's t.5'es eviecwsid kate eaeee 72. Ae. triticina
15. Sepals 16-17 mm. long; scape stout.
16. Floral bracts and sepals covered with white appressed
scales; sepal mucro large, stout; petals blue toward
PRE iapers se isis fete aaa or. Ae. cariocae
16. Floral bracts brown-lepidote; sepals glabrous, the deli-
cate mucro 0.5 mm. long; color of petals unknown.
92. Ae. castanea
12. The sepals connate; scape-bracts divergent, acuminate into a
stout subulus.( (Fig.: 104.).:oi3 ssi Wes eae 73. Ae. ornata
1. Sepals obtuse to emarginate or acute with a soft point.
17. Floral bracts thin, nerved, about equaling the sepals; scape-bracts erect,
equally distributed; sepals 8 mm. long, connate for 2 mm. (Fig. 105.)
74. Ae. nervata
17. Floral bracts at least subcoriaceous, not nerved; upper scape-bracts
massed beneath the inflorescence, divergent to spreading.
18. Leaves, or at least the outer ones, petiolate, channeled, minutely serru-
late; sepals free, 8 mm. long; petals white............. 75. Ae. alba
18. Leaves not at all petiolate; sepals connate.
19. Leaf-blades minutely and subdensely serrulate, linear, 4-9 dm. long,
2-4 cm. wide; inflorescence sparsely lanate to appressed-lepidote;
floral bracts acute; sepals 11 mm. long, half connate; petals yellow
PE AMATI c's Peta eg W's see cc ane o.dalele ORE ee 76. Ae. lamarchei
19. Leaf-blades laxly serrate with spines I-7 mm. long, ligulate to
narrowly triangular.
20. Petals lavender to purple at anthesis; leaf-blades all narrowly tri-
angular; sepals 6 mm. long, connate for 2 mm.
77. Ae. triangularis
20. Petals yellow at anthesis; leaf-blades ligulate or rarely the outer-
most narrowly triangular.
21. Floral bracts truncate; sepals 8 mm. long, half connate; inflores-
Getice - white-lanate....c0ceuasvatisitees 78. Ae. bromeliifolia
202 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
21. Floral bracts acute or apiculate.
22. Leaves and scape-bracts spotted with red; sepals 8 mm. long,
about half connate; petals appendaged near the middle; in-
florescence flocculose. (Fig. 107.)...... 79. Ae. maculata
22. Leaves and scape-bracts concolorous; sepals 12 mm. long,
connate for 2 mm.; petals appendaged at the base; inflores-
cence appressed-lepidote. (Fig. 108.)
80. Ae. chlorophylla
Subgenus Lamprococcus (Beer) Benth.
1. Aechmea marmorata (Lem.) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 310, pl. 66.
1892.
Billbergia marmorata Lem. Ill. Hortic. 2: pl. 48. 1855.
Billbergia vittata sensu Baker, Handb. Bromel. 78. 1889. In part, not
Brongn.
Quesnelia effusa Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8: 26, pl. 4, figs. I-6.
1801.
Billbergia speciosa sensu Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29:11. 1801.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 248 (GH).
Distrito FepERAL: Cultivated, Ule 4692 in part (R). Corcovado, Glaziou 8983
(P, US). Morro do Archer, Tijuca, Brade et al. 1549 (RB, US). Morro
Queimado, Brade 11272 (R). Rio de Janeiro, J. G. Kuhlmann (RB, US).
Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 12233 (F, P); 16429 (P); Lindman A-23 (S).
Tijuca, Smith & Brade 2241 (GH).
SAo Pauto: Rio Buturoca, Santos, Mosén 3491 (S, type of Quesnelia effusa
Lindm.). Cubatao, Santos, Gehrt (GH, SP).
2. Aechmea brachycaulis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 53. 1880.
Ronnbergia marantoides L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 95: 43, pl. rz,
figs. I-3. 10931.
BraziL: Cultivated, unpublished plate by E. Morren (K, type).
Bafa: Cultivated, Strauss (B, F neg. 11308). Agua Preta, Foster 77 (GH).
Rio Grungogi, Curran 142 (US, type of Ronnbergia marantoides L. B.
Smith).
3. Aechmea corymbosa (Mart. ex Schult.) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:
316. 1892.
Billbergia corymbosa Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1268. 1830.
AMAZONAS: Esperanca, Pires & Black 915 (IAN). Rio Dimiti, upper Rio
Negro basin, Schultes & Lépez 10008 (US). Tabatinga, near Colombian
boundary, Pires & Black 1069 (IAN).
Atso: Cotompra, PERU.
4. Aechmea brevicollis L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 154:32, pl. 3,
figs. I, 2. 1045.
Amazonas: Cocui to Rio Icana on Rio Negro, Schultes & Lépez 9538 (US).
Rio Icana, Tunui, Black 48-2601 (IAN); Pires 766 (IAN). Ipanoré to
Rio Negro on Rio Vaupés, Schultes & Pires 9154-A (US). Ira-Igarapé to
Igarapé Abit, Rio Taraira, Schultes & Lopez 10187 (IAN).
Aso: CoLoMBIA, VENEZUELA.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 203
5. Aechmea weilbachii Didr. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 2:375. 1854.
RUS CORTE co's Crald cis eal hee eld a ole! aise 60g bimalbl o Sicielaais Var. a. weilbachii
me Leaves tinged with. purpleit dacs. cede visas a ties suadisctelwiis Var. b. leodiensis
5a. Aechmea weilbachii var. weilbachii
Aechmea subinermis Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 228. 1870.
Quesnelia glaziovit Baker, Handb. Bromel. 87. 1880.
BraziL: Cultivated, Barry (US); Foster 508 (GH); Lindman A-1g (S).
Reitz 5677 (HBR).
Rio pe JANEIRO: Mandioca, Serra da Estrella, Glaziou 9326 (P).
Distrito FEDERAL: Corcovado, Glaziou 18567 (P). Cultivated (?), Quinta da
Boa Vista, Glaziou 16418 (P) ; 17285 (P).
5b. Aechmea weilbachii var. leodiensis André, Rev. Hortic. 59: 31. 1887.
Brazit: Described from cultivation. No herbarium material known.
6. Aechmea podantha L. B. Smith, p. 18, fig. 95.
Espiriro Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 842 (GH, type, US neg. 4248); 844
(GH, depauperate specimen).
7. Aechmea fulgens Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 15:371. 1841.
PUT IG ES, CREE oie app ttle ca cle-alala sc « 3100 enisie-s.cec.e'e oa s)e@eraa sans Var. a. fulgens
Pee avesi£ed-purple DENEAL cas s.000 sao0s sans vei selene cule aren Var. b. discolor
ya. Aechmea fulgens var. fulgens
PERNAMBUCO: Cultivated, Berlin (US); Quesnel (P, type, GH neg. 2956).
Escola [Sao Bento], Pickel 1281 in part (IPA). Tapera, Pickel 1281 in
part (IPA) ; 2298 (! Mez).
7b. Aechmea fulgens var. discolor (C. Morr.) Brongn. ex Baker, Handb.
Bromel. 52. 1880.
Aechmea discolor C. Morr. Ann. Soc. Gand 2:175, pl. 65. 1846.
PERNAMBUCO: Cultivated, Atkinson 11 (BH); 12 (MT); Foster 1252 (GH) ;
Kew (K, GH neg. 1388) ; Quesnel (P, type).
8. Aechmea capixabae L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1:56, pl. 72. 1941.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 258 (GH, R); 278 (GH, type; R);
843 (GH).
9. Aechmea corallina (Beer) Brongn. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 52. 1880.
Lamprococcus corallinus Beer, Bromel. 106. 1857.
Baia: Described from cultivated material sent by Porte, none known to survive.
10. Aechmea miniata (Beer) Hort. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 53. 1880.
EAVES (ORE CE fd gasade ts sie Dies so aie <0: 8 ns od aiceoie slemlahe nin a wieeale Var. a. miniata
PPIBCAVES CINSCG WIE LEC. aicle .s o0.0 0.6/0.0 ners sieioiola'alelelaleiepele tarelsis Var. b. discolor
10a. Aechmea miniata var. miniata
Lamprococcus miniatus Beer, Bromel. 104. 1857.
Brazit: Cultivated, Atkinson 10 (MT); Clover (MICH); Foster IX (GH) ;
New York Bot. Gard. (US); Rivage (G, F neg. 8558).
Baia: Blanchet (P). Agua Preta, Foster 70 (GH, US). Ilheus, Blanchet
2371 (! Mez).
204 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
10b. Aechmea miniata var. discolor (Beer) Beer ex Baker, Handb. Bromel.
53. 1889.
Lamprococcus miniatus var. discolor Beer, Bromel. 104. 1857.
BraziL: Cultivated, Foster (GH); 1253 (GH); New York Bot. Gard. (US).
11. Aechmea conglomerata Hort. ex Baker Handb. Bromel. 52. 1889.
1. Leaf-blades green on both sides.
2. Leaves farinose beneath, glabrous above........... Var. a. conglomerata
2 Leaves farinose: on both sidess..: <i. s/s. 's<.0.s «s/s 0 sie cine eee Var. b. farinosa
1. Leaf-blades claret-brown beneath............cccceccescces Var. c. discolor
Fic. 95.—Aechmea podantha: a, Leaf-blade, X%; b, inflorescence, K %;
c, flower, X 1; d, sepals, X1; e, longitudinal section of ovary, X I.
Fic. 96.—Aechmea mutica: a, Apex of leaf, %%4; b, inflorescence, X %4;
c, branch, X 1; d, sepal, X 1; e, petal and stamen, <1; f, longitudinal section
of ovary, X 2.
11a. Aechmea conglomerata var. conglomerata
Lamprococcus glomeratus Beer, Bromel. 105. 1857.
Aechmea glomerata Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 315. 1892. Not Hook.
1867.
Brazit: Cultivated, Hennings (B, F neg. 11313).
11b. Aechmea conglomerata var. farinosa (Regel) Baker, Handb. Bromel.
53. 1880.
Lamprococcus farinosus Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. for 1868. 79. 1860.
Aechmea glomerata var. farinosa Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 316.
1892.
Brazi_: Described from cultivation; no herbarium material seen.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 205
1t1c. Aechmea conglomerata var. discolor Beer ex Baker, Handb. Bromel.
53. 18809.
Lamprococcus glomeratus var. discolor Beer, Bromel. 105. 1857. Nomen.
Brazi_: Described from cultivation; no herbarium material seen.
12. Aechmea racinae L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1:56, pl. 71. 1941.
BimCape GlOMGALE, GECHIVEI.. boc. c cece. ek vesccceteens cece Var. a. racinae
Serre HOTU MCTORE. 6 oss siseite ta cle clade cece sleccccve vcauesacaee Var. b. erecta
12a. Aechmea racinae var. racinae
Espiriro Santo: Guiomar, Foster 320 (GH, type; R); 960 (GH, SP). Mun.
Cachoeiro de Itapemirim: Brade 19370 (RB, US).
12b. Aechmea racinae var. erecta L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de
Janeiro 10: 142. 1950.
Espirito Santo: Mun. Cachoeiro de Itapemirim: Brade 19415 (RB, type, US
neg. 3260).
13. Aechmea victoriana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 1:57, pl. 73, fig. I. 1941.
Espirito Santo: Vitoria [Victoria], Foster 203 (GH, type; R); 869 (GH,
LIS).
14. Aechmea mitis (Mart. ex Schult.) L. B. Smith, p. 16.
Billbergia mitis Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1267. 1830.
Brazit: Martius (M, type, F neg. 8642).
Subgenus Aechmea
(Subgenus Euaechmea Mez)
15. Aechmea mutica L. B. Smith, p. 16, fig. 96.
Espirrro Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 293 (GH, R, US) ; 806 (GH, type, US
neg. 4259).
16. Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L. B. Smith, p. 13.
Streptocalyx laxiflora Baker, Handb. Bromel. 31. 1880.
Tillandsia blanchetiana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 182. 1889.
Aechmea laxiflora Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 335. 1892. Not Benth.
1846.
Aechmea remotiflora Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 219. 1896.
Baia: Blanchet 2274 (BM, type, US neg. 4018). Agua Preta, Foster 74 (GH,
R). Iltheus, Foster 83 (GH).
17. Aechmea fraudulosa Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 636. 1035.
Streptocalyx blanchetii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 32. 1880.
Aechmea blanchetii Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:336. 1892. Not
Baker 1889.
Baia: Blanchet (G, F neg. 8485) ; 1527 (BM, type) ; Glocker (S).
18. Aechmea orlandiana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 1:55, pl. 69. 1041.
Espfriro Santo: Itapemirim, Foster 165 (GH, type (US neg. 3050), R); 970
(GH, US).
206 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
19. Aechmea mertensii (Meyer) Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1272. 1830.
FIGURE 97.
Bromelia mertensit Meyer, Fl. Essequeb. 144. 1818.
Aechmea spicata Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1273. 1830.
Bromelia thyrsiflora Willd. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1282. 1830.
Aechmea thyrsiflora Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 437. 1844.
Aechmea mucroniflora Hook. Bot. Mag. 81: pl. 4832. 1855.
Aechmea wullschlaegeliana Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 330. 1892.
Aechmea humilis Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 216. 18096.
This is one of the most variable species in all the Bromeliaceae. The extreme
range in the size of the flowers and in the size and density of the inflorescence
has caused the proposal of a number of species, yet ampler recent material shows
complete intergradation between all extremes.
Amazonas: Xavier 169 (US). Rio Japura, Martius (M, type of Aechmea
spicata Mart., F neg. 8635). Marari, Rio Jurua, Ule 5363 (MG). Manaus,
J. G. Kuhlmann 295 (RB); Luetzelburg 22099 (M); Krukoff 7970 (GH,
NY); Tate 44 (NY). Panuré, Rio Uaupés, Pires 1103 (IAN). Sao
Gabriel, Rio Negro, Melin 132 (S). Sao Paulo de Olivenga, Palmares,
Krukoff 8596 (NY). Uanari, Rio Negro, near Uaupés [S40 Gabriel], Pires
800 (IAN). (Terra Preta), Rio Negro, J. G. Kuhlmann 1031 (RB). Mun.
Humaita: Livramento, Krukoff 6986 (GH, NY).
ParA: Hoffmannsegg 6313 (B, F neg. 11327). Belém, Archer 7841 (IAN,
US); Huber (MG); Pires & Black 671 (GH, IAN); Smith, Pires &
Black 7119 (US). (Cassipa), Rio Tapajos, Krukoff 1268 (NY). Upper
Rio Cumina, Sampaio in Rondon 19222 (R). Santa Julia, J. G. Kuhlmann
1675 (RB). Rio Tinga, off Rio Cupari, Black 47-2031 (IAN). Vigia,
Black 50-9772 (IAN).
PernamBuco: Aripibu, Pickel 3457 (IPA).
Mato Grosso: Tabajara, upper Rio Machado, Krukoff 1488 (NY).
Aso: TRINIDAD, GUIANA, VENEZUELA, CoLomBIA, PERU.
20. Aechmea huebneri Harms, Notizblatt 10: 581. 1929.
Amazonas: Rio Taruma-Mirim, near Manaus, Huebner 51 (B, type, F neg.
11315). Mun. Sado Paulo de Olivenga: Basin of creek Belém, Krukoff 8803
(NY).
Krukoff 8803 is definitely tripinnate while the type appears to be bipinnate,
although it may be represented by a single long branch.
Aso: COLOMBIA.
21. Aechmea setigera Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1273. 1830.
Aechmea prieureana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 39. 1889.
Amazonas: (Caldeirio), Rio Solimées, Martius (M, type, F neg. 8636).
Riosinho Juruena, Rio Jutai, Frées 21044 (IAN). Rio Taruma-Mirim,
lower Rio Negro, Ducke (MG).
Rio Branco: Ilha do Ajarani, J. G. Kuhlmann 390 (RB, US). (Sao José
do Rio Branco), Luetzelburg 21927 (R).
Par: Ilha do Mosqueiro near Belém, Killip & Smith 30656 (US).
Sao Pauto: Cachoeira do Maribondo, Gehrt (GH, SP).
Aso: GUIANA, VENEZUELA, CoLomBIA, PANAMA.
22. Aechmea kuntzeana Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 208. 1896; Harms
Notizblatt 12: 528. 1935.
Hoiriri kuntzeana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2: 303. 1808.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 207
Acre: (Seringal Sao Francisco), Ule 9165 (! Harms).
Auso: Botivia.
23. Aechmea phanerophlebia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 47. 1880.
Espirito Santo: Collatina, Foster 221 (GH, R). Itapemirim, Foster 154 (GH,
R). Santa Teresa, Foster 221-A (GH, R); 507 (GH).
Minas Gerats: Ipatinga, Foster 743 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Alto Macaé, Glaziow 17286 (F, G, F neg. 8488). Cantagallo,
Glaziou 16412 (K, type, GH neg. 2695).
SAo Pauto: Bocaina, Brade 20905 (RB, US); Glaziou 16411 (P).
Fic. 97. Fic. 98.
Fic. 97.—Aechmea mertensii: a, Inflorescence, X 4; b, branch, X 1; ¢, floral
bract, X 2; d, sepal, X 2; e, petal and stamen, X 2.
Fic. 98.—Aechmea stelligera: a, Branch of inflorescence, X %; b, sepal, X 1;
c, base of petal, & 2.
24. Aechmea eurycorymbus Harms, Notizblatt 12: 528. 1935.
Paraisa: Xavier B (US). Campina Grande, Foster 2408 (US).
PERNAMBUCO: Floresta, Werdermann 2931 (B, type).
25. Aechmea tomentosa Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 229. 1806.
PERNAMBUCO: Iguaracu, Ramage (BM, type).
26. Aechmea stelligera L. B. Smith, p. 18, fig. 98.
Paraipa: Areia, Vasconcellos (US, type; SP).
27. Aechmea werdermannii Harms, Notizblatt 12: 529. 1935.
PERNAMBUCO: Floresta, Werdermann 2911 (B, type).
28. Aechmea megalantha Harms, Gartenflora 86: 159, fig. 1937.
Brazit (?): Described from cultivated material; no herbarium specimen seen,
208 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
29. Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 164. 1870.
1. Branches spreading and curved-ascending; subulate apex of the floral bracts
much longer than the inconspicuous base............. Var. a. lingulata
1. Branches straight, spreading to reflexed.
2. Sepals about 2 mm. long without the mucro; floral bracts with broadly
ovate base about as long as the subulate apex.
Var. b. patentissima
2. Sepals 7 mm. long without the mucro; floral bracts with a relatively short
ACTON c's Sa Os oc eat rete Mn aa Wt CD Win eae wwe meeeeaeeee Var. c. froesii
29a. Aechmea lingulata var. lingulata. FicuRE 99.
Bromelia lingulata L. Sp. Pl. 285. 1753.
Billbergia odora Miq. Linnaea 18: 377. 1844.
Aechmea odora Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 226. 1879.
Wittmackia lingulata Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 275. 189r.
Wittmackia odora Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 277. 18901.
Wittmackia glaziovii Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 142. 1896.
CearA: Serra de Maranguape, Ule 4907 (B, F neg. 11204).
ParAisaA: Campina Grande, Foster 2406 (US).
PERNAMBUCO: (Jaqueira), Ridley, Lea & Ramage (BM). Russinha, Pickel
3657 (GH, IPA, NY).
Bafa: Agua Preta, Foster 58 (GH, R); 61 (GH, R); 82 (GH, R). Maracas,
Foster 2468 (US). Milagres to Maracas, Foster 2455 (US).
Espiriro Santo: Monte Claro, Foster 225 (GH, US). Mun. Collatina: Lin-
hares, Foster 771 (GH, US); 786 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Cabo Frio, Ule (R). Enseada de Imbetiba, Macaé, Glaziou
18569 (B, type of Wittmackia glaziovii Mez, F neg. 11293).
Atso: GUIANA, TRINIDAD, LESSER ANTILLES.
29b. Aechmea lingulata var. patentissima (Mart. ex Schult.) L. B. Smith,
D, 15:
Billbergia patentissima Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7: pt. 2: 1270.
1830.
Aechmea patentissima Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 227. 1870.
Wittmackia patentissima Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 278, pl. 61. 1891.
Bafa: Almada, Martius (M, type).
29c. Aechmea lingulata var. froesii L. B. Smith, p. 15.
Baia: Colonia Itatinga to Bom Gosto, Frées 19970 (NY, type, US neg. 4249).
30. Aechmea purpureo-rosea (Hook.) Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30:
148. 1880.
Billbergia purpureo-rosea Hook. Bot. Mag. 61: $l. 3304. 1834.
Aechmea suaveolens Knowles & Westcott, Fl. Cab. 3: 177, pl. 134. 1840.
Brazit: Freyreis (S).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Niteroi, Smith & Brade 2347 (GH).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cultivated, Ule (R). Cosme Velho, Glaziou 11688 (K,
US neg. 4196). Spontaneous, Jardim Botanico, J. G. Kuhlmann 61908 (RB).
Rio de Janeiro, Bowie & Cunningham (BM); Widgren 81 (S). Silvestre
to Paineiras, L. B. Smith 2255 (GH). Tijuca, Hoehne (SP). Barra da
Tijuca, Reitz 4063 (HBR).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 209
31. Aechmea angustifolia Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 43, pl. 159. 1838.
Aechmea cumingit Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 227. 1870.
Aechmea boliviana Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 456. 1907.
Aechmea cylindrica Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 413. 1913.
Aechmea inconspicua Harms, Notizblatt 10: 786. 1929.
Amazonas: Rio Castanho on Rio Paduiri, upper Rio Negro Basin, Cardona
1388 (US). Mun. Humaita: Livramento, Krukoff 6775 (GH, NY). Tres
Casas, Rio Madeira, Krukoff 6501 (NY); 6533 (NY, GH).
Rio Branco: Jaru, J. G. Kuhlmann 155 (RB).
AcrE: Rio Macaua on Rio Iaco, Krukoff 5538 (NY, GH). (Seringal Auri-
stella), Ule 9164 (B, type of Aechmea cylindrica Mez, F neg. 11311).
Aso: Costa Rica to Pert and Bortvia.
32. Aechmea sprucei Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 226. 18096.
Aechmea paniculigera sensu Baker, Handb. Bromel. 40. 1889. In part,
not as to type.
Amazonas: Taperinha, Santarem, Ginzberger & Zerny 392 (F).
Para: Spruce 104 (K, type, GH neg. 2696). Approagas, Rio Capim, Huber
(MG). Sao Miguel do Guama, Rio Guama and Rio Irituia, Dérdano &
Black 48-3162 (IAN) ; 48-3195 (IAN). Tomé Asst, Dist. Acara, Mexia
6032 (GH, US).
MaranuHao: Hesketh (CGE).
CearA: Aquiraz, Drouet 2616 (GH, US).
ALso: CoLoMBIA.
33. Aechmea melinonii Hook. Bot. Mag. 87: fl. 5235. 1861.
Hohenbergia melinoniti Baker, Saund. Ref. Bot. 4: sub pl. 284. 1871.
Aechmea jenmanii Baker, Journ. Bot. 20: 329. 1882.
AmapA: Cunani, Huber 984 (MG).
Aso: GUIANA.
34. Aechmea azurea L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio 10: 141, fig. Z. 1950.
Espirito Santo: Mun. Castelo: Braco do Sul, Brade 19158 (RB, type, US
neg. 3256).
35. Aechmea ramosa Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1272. 1830.
fy Sepals:and ovary green and yellow... .i...2s0s.sn.cbasddeve Var. a. ramosa
eee CES Seas COVALY WINEC) soa: cos a's 04,5,0 6 400aam made Beanie Var. b. festiva
35a. Aechmea ramosa var. ramosa
Aechmea platynema Baker, Handb. Bromel. 35. 1889. In part, not as to
type.
Aechmea reukartiana Hort. Liége ex C. Chevalier, Rev. Hortic. 108: 109.
1936. In synon.
Brazit: Cultivated, Hort. Liége (LG, Aechmea reukartiana Hort.).
Espirito Santo: Campinas to Vitoria, Foster 207 (GH, R). Guiomar, Foster
043 (GH). Itapemirim, Foster 150 (GH); 150-A (GH). Santa Teresa,
Foster 850 (GH, US).
Minas GeraAts: Mariana, Martius 1036 (M, type, F neg. 8638). Paraibana,
Oliveira (SP). Mun. Antonio Dias: Parque Nacional near Ipatinga, Foster
730 (GH, US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Belém, Schwacke & Burlamaqui (R). Imbui, Niteroi, Brade
11058 (R).
210 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Distrito FepERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 15672 (GH, P). Sao Cristovao,
Glaziou 16420 (F).
35b. Aechmea ramosa var. festiva L. B. Smith, p. 18.
Espiriro SANTO: Mun. Collatina: Linhares, Foster 770 (GH, type, US neg.
4280).
36. Aechmea tocantina Baker, Handb. Bromel. 39. 1880.
GorAs: Rio Tocantins, Weddell 2365 (P, type, GH neg. 2365).
Marto Grosso: Diamantino, Lindman A-3425 (S).
Aso: Botrtvia.
37. Aechmea araneosa L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1:53, pl. 64. I941.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 241 (GH, type; R); 836 (GH, US).
38. Aechmea chantinii (Carr.) Baker, Handb. Bromel. 49. 1880.
Billbergia chantinui~Carr. Rev. Hortic. 50: 112, fig. 22. 1878; 52: 272,
figs. 54-56. 1880.
AMAzoNAS: Described from cultivation.
The first publication of Aechmea chantinii was based on sterile material and
consequently noted only the handsomely cross-banded leaves. The second in-
cluded flowering material and gave figures of the inflorescence. From these is
indicated a species with lax spikes and flowers in more than two ranks as shown
in the foregoing key.
However, there is material now in cultivation purporting to be Ae. chantinti
but with dense spikes and two-ranked flowers. The floral bracts and winged
rhachis form pouches around the flowers, a character not easily verified in the
second publication of Ae. chantinit.
The present plant has a long history of cultivation and can not be identified
with any other species. If the two have a common ancestry, then the type of
Ae. chantinit may have been a depauperate or injured individual or even a
hybrid. In that case the present material is more typical in a genetical sense
than is the taxonomic type.
39. Aechmea fosteriana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 1:54, pl. 67. I94I.
Espirito SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 177 (GH, type; R); 878 (GH, US).
40. Aechmea schultesiana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 334. 1892.
Billbergia paniculata Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1268. 1830.
Not Aechmea paniculata R. & P. 1802.
Aechmea friedrichsthalii Mez & Donn.-Smith, Bot. Gaz. 19: 263. 1894.
Aechmea inermis Mez, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 620. 1904.
Amazonas: Rio Japura, Martius (M, type, F neg. 8637).
Atso: Costa Rica to VENEZUELA and PERU.
Subgenus Hoplophytum (Beer) Mez
41. Aechmea macrochlamys L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 1:54, pl. 68. 1941.
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 244 (GH, type; US); 837 (GH, US).
42. Aechmea candida E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 41. 1889.
BraziL: Cultivated, Liége (LG); Strauss (B, F neg. 11309). Unpublished
plate, E. Morren (K, type).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 2II
43. Aechmea caudata Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:20, fl. 6,
figs. I-9. Feb. 1891.
pen edt-DIaGes CONCOLOFONS hc. Joi eed otk Goa ce device da dateton Var. a. caudata
1. Leaf-blades with broad white longitudinal stripes......... Var. b. variegata
43a. Aechmea caudata var. caudata
Aechmea platzmanni Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 2, 12. Mar. 1801.
Aechmea henningsiana Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29:12. Mar. 1801.
BRAZIL: Glaziou 16414 (P).
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 200 (GH, R).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Hoehne (SP). Guaruja, L. B. Smith 2030 (B, BA,
BM, F, GH, K, S, US). Mogi das Cruzes, Foster 490 (GH). Iguapé,
Santos, Hoehne (SP). Ilha da Queimada Grande, Santos, Amaral &
Domingues (SP). Ponta de Taipu, Santos, Mosén 3242 (S, type). Prainha,
Santos, Foster 482 (GH, R); Gehrt (SP, US). Sado Vicente, Santos,
Burchell 3291 (K, US neg. 4197); L. B. Smith 20909 (GH, P).
ParanA: Caioba, Foster 437 (GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP, US). Casa Ipiranga,
Dusén 15411 (S). Curitiba, Dusén 14608 (S). Curitiba to Joinvile near the
Santa Catarina line, Reitz 3758-c (HBR) ; 3880 (HBR). Guaratuba, Reitz
4276 (HBR). Jacarei, Dusén (S); 6636 (S); 15406 (S); 15451-b (S);
15606 (S); 17497 (S). Porto de Cima, Serra do Mar, Dusén 10333 (GH,
So:
Santa Catarina: Mun. Ararangua: Meleiro, Reitz C-2 (GH, HBR). Serra
do Pilao, Reitz 3430 (HBR, US). Mun. Brusque: Ribeirao do Ouro,
Reitz (HBR); 3648 (HBR). Mun. Florianopolis: Campeche (praia),
Reitz 5085 (! Reitz). Ribeirao da Ilha, Reitz 3929 (HBR). Mun. Orleies:
Orleades, Reitz 1753 (GH, HBR). Serra do Rio do Rastro, Reitz 3330
(HBR). Santa Clara, Reitz 1746 (HBR, LIL, R, US). Mun. Sido
Francisco do Sul: Porto das Canoas, Smith & Reitz 5709 (US).
43b. Aechmea caudata var. variegata M. B. Foster, Bromel. Soc. Bull. 3: 47.
1953.
BraziL: Cultivated, Foster 2834 (US, type).
44. Aechmea coelestis (C. Koch) E. Morr. Fl. des Serres 21:5, pl. 2146.
1875.
Hoplophytum coeleste C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1856, App.: 6.
1857.
Brazit: Cultivated, André K-328 (NY); L. B. Smith (GH).
Espiriro Santo: Mun. Cachoeiro de Itapemirim: Vargem Alta, Brade 19969
(RB, US neg. 3349).
Minas Gerais: Sellow 229 (! Mez).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Teresdpolis, Sampaio 2613 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Gavea, Smith & Mus. R 6434 (R, US). Cultivated, Sado
Cristovao, Lindman A-17 (S). Tijuca, Glaziow 16416 (P, F neg. 11320) ;
Smith & Brade 2185 (GH).
SAo Pauto: Mato do Governo, Iti, Gehrt (GH, SP). Mun. Sao Paulo:
Florestal, Foster 468 (GH). Pirajussara, Gehrt (SP). Sado Paulo, Doering
(SP):
ParandA: Curitiba to Paranagua, Foster 505 (GH).
212 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
45. Aechmea organensis Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 116. 1880.
Aechmea nudicaulis var. microdon Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 235. 1870.
Aechmea floribunda sensu Baker, Handb. Bromel. 42. 1889. In part,
not as to type.
Rio DE JANEIRO: TeresOpolis, Foster 997 (GH); Glaziou 11680 (F).
Distrito FepERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Reitz 5673 (HBR, US).
i
d
bee
sae * DU
ioe W ‘on S
;
é
Fic. 100.
Fic. 99.—Aechmea lingulata var. lingulata: a, Apex of leaf, & %; b, inflores-
cence, X'%; c, flower, X 1; d, sepal, X 2; e, petal and stamen, X 2. (a and b
after Botanical Magazine.)
Fic. 100.—Aechmea bicolor: a, Apex of leaf, X1; b, inflorescence, 1;
c, flower, X 1; d, sepals, X 2; e, petal and stamen, X 2; f, longitudinal section
of ovary, X 2.
SAo Pauto: Source of the Rio Cotia, Gehrt (GH, SP). Cubatdo, Burchell
3617 (K, type of Aechmea nudicaulis var. microdon Baker). Sio Paulo to
Curitiba, km. 379, Foster 392 (GH, R); M. Kuhlmann (SP).
ParANA: Curitiba, Foster 457 (GH). Ipiranga, Dusén 3541 (R). Morrétes,
Hoehne (SP, GH neg. 7169) ; M. Kuhlmann (SP, US). Sado Joao, Curitiba
to Paranagua, Reitz 5729 (HBR, US); 5753 (! Reitz).
Rio GRANDE Do SuL: Cultivated, Porto Alegre, Golland in Lindman (S).
46. Aechmea gracilis Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:30, pl. 6,
figs. 10-16. 1891.
Brazi_: Cultivated, Foster 451 in part (GH).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 357 (GH). Iguapé, Santos, Loefgren &
Edwall (GH, SP). Morro do Curupira, Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén 3707
(S, type).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 213
ParanA: Porto de Cima, Serra do Mar, Jénsson in Dusén 813-a (GH, S).
Santa Catarina: Mun. Biguagti: Fachinal, Reitz C-o51 (GH, HBR).
47. Aechmea bicolor L. B. Smith, p. 12, fig. 100.
Baia: Ituacgt to Jequié, Foster 2450 (US, type; US neg. 4242).
48. Aechmea blumenavii Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4: 21,
pl. 6. 1952.
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Blumenau: Morro Spitzkopf, Reitz 4679 (HBR,
type). Mun. Brusque: Ribeirao do Ouro, Reitz (! Reitz); 3550 (HBR,
US); 3559-a (HBR); 3638 (HBR). Mun. Itajai: Morro do Bat, Luiz
Alves, Reitz 4743 (! Reitz).
49. Aechmea kertesziae Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 4: 24,
pl. 7-I. 1952.
SANTA CATARINA: Canto Grande, Porto Belo, Reitz 3617 (HBR); 3621
(HBR); 3624-a (HBR); 3628 in part (HBR); 3643 (HBR). Laguna,
Reitz 4165 (HBR, type); Smith & Reitz 5047 (R, US). Mun. Itajai:
Cabecudas, Reitz 3627 (! Reitz) ; Smith & Reitz 6079 (US). Praia Braba,
Reitz & Klein 1004 (! Reitz).
50. Aechmea gamosepala Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 3, 13. 1801.
Aechmea thyrsigera Spegazzini, Physis 3:45. 1917.
Chevalieria thyrsigera Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32:95. 1034.
SAo Pauto: Sao Paulo, Ostermeyer (SP).
PaRANA: Guaratuba, Frenzel (Inst. Biol. Pesq. Tec.) ; Hoehne (SP); Reitz
4272 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5734 (R, US). Curitiba to Joinvile near
Santa Catarina line, Reitz 3891 (HBR). Mun. Paranagua: Caioba, Foster
439 (GH, R); Hatschbach 1854 (US) ; Tessmann (US).
SANTA CATARINA: Joinvile, Reitz 3726 (HBR); 3881 (HBR). Sao Francisco
do Sul, Reitz 3675 (HBR) ; 37290 (HBR); 3913 (HBR). Mun. Araquari:
Barra do Sul, Reitz & Klein 508 (! Reitz). Itajuba, Reitz 3758-¢ (HBR).
Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz C-642 (GH, HBR); C-1222 (HBR,
US).
Rio GranveE po Sut: Torres, Golland (S). Mun. Sao Francisco de Paula:
Taimbé, Rambo (US).
Aso: ARGENTINA.
Subgenus Platyaechmea Benth. & Hook. f.
51. Aechmea distichantha Lem. Jard. Fleur. 3: pl. 269. 1853.
1. Inflorescence lax or sublax, usually broadly pyramidal; spikes more or less
spreading, many-flowered; leaves usually acute or acuminate.
Bo CURIS SULOIA LOR DIIG, « nc:s ie vrs dnihee ln tnnace ah pee Var. a. distichantha
Se AORN, DUUPEE Ce & cree, pein ea de v0.88 apres Var. a. distichantha forma albiflora
1. Inflorescence dense; spikes erect, few-flowered.
3. Inflorescence elongate, slenderly cylindric or fusiform; plants large; leaves
CL MANTIFIAES. ii asi avec cce a dnakeeipeeneenate Var. b. schlumbergeri
3. Inflorescence short, ovoid; plants small; leaves usually rounded and
WOMCHIOE i pxcagecccincurvevestqastav ty dye PriRatnae Var. c. glaziovii
51a. Aechmea distichantha var. distichantha. Ficure tot.
Tillandsia polystachia Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 136. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 138.
1835. Not L. 1762.
214 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Aechmea excavata Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 134. 1870.
Aechmea brasiliensis Regel, Gartenflora 34: 258, pl. 1202. 1885.
Aechmea myriophylla E. Morr. ex Baker, Bot. Mag. 113: pl. 6939. 1887.
Quesnelia distichantha Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:25, pl. 4,
figs. 7-10. 1891.
Aechmea polystachya Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 343. 1802.
Aechmea polystachya var. excavata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 251.
1806.
Hoiriri polystachya Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2: 303. 1808.
Aechmea polystachya var. myriophylla Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard.
Bot. Genéve 20: 290. 1919.
Aechmea platyphylla Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genéve 20: 201.
IQIQ.
Material listed under the typical variety is not so homogeneous as under the
others because in case of doubt collections have been left there.
BraziL: Sellow bromel. 74 (P). Cultivated, Atkinson 100 (BH).
Minas Gerais: Widgren (S). Serra dos Cabritos, Capivari, Caldas, Mosén
1729 (S). Serra do Picu, Glaziou 11691 (P) ; 12236 (P).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade 14052 (RB); Dusén (S); 2108 (S).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cascadura, Serra da Bica, Glaziou 15481 (P). Quinta,
Glaziou 16408 (P). Cultivated, Hort. Museu, Ule (R).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Luederwaldt (SP). Campinas, Franco & Mendes
(SP). Campos da Bocaina, Glaziou 11695 (P). Campos do Jordao, Eugenio
3442 (GH) ; Hoehne (GH, SP); Pickel 5339 (US). Salesdpolis, Boracéa,
M. Kuhlmann 2344 (SP). Santo Amaro, Krieger 179 (SP). Santos,
Mendonca 10 (R). Mun. Sao Paulo: Glaziow 13245 (P). Cidade Jardim,
Smith & Kuhlmann 1814 (GH). Orchidario, Foster 349 (GH, R). Vila
Ema, Brade 10969 (R).
ParanA: Campo Largo, Foster 406 (GH). Curitiba, Tessmann (US). Curi-
tiba to Paranagua, Reitz 5764 (HBR, US). Jaguariaiva, Dusén 15502 (S,
US). Roga Nova, Dusén 10273 (GH, S). Serra de S40 Luiz, M. Kuhlmann
(GH, SP). Serrinha, Dusén 15570 (GH, S). Teixeira Soares, km. 161,
Hertel 37 (Paran.). Tibagi, Reiss 72 (GH, US). Mun. Piraquara: Borda
do Campo, Hatschbach 2017 (US). Mun. Timoneira: Braga 196 (Paran.).
SANTA CaTARINA: Ribeirao Grande, Taid, Reitz 3901 (HBR). Serra do
Mirador, Taio, Reitz 3960 (HBR). Mun. Bom Retiro: Figueiredo, Reitz
2897 (HBR, US); 2078 (HBR, US). Mun. Chapecd: Itapiranga, Reitz
3825 (HBR).
Rr1o GRANDE Do SuL: Alto Uruguai, Golland (S).
Aso: Bortvia, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA, URUGUAY.
51a. Aechmea distichantha var. distichantha forma albiflora L. B. Smith,
Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 102. 1943. As var. “typica.”
ParAnA: Campo Largo, Foster 406A (GH, type). Serra Sao Luiz, Goncalves
(Golan Fe
51b. Aechmea distichantha var. schlumbergeri E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:343. 1802.
Chevalieria grandiceps Griseb. Goett. Abh. 24: 329. 1870.
Aechmea grandiceps Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 346. 1802.
Aechmea involucrata Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 456. 1907.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 215
Aechmea polystachya var. longifolia Castellanos, Com. Mus. Nac. Hist.
Nat. Buenos Aires 2: 130, fig. 3. 1025.
? Aechmea rubra A. Silveira, Floralia Montium 2, Add.:1, pl. 9c. 1031.
Aechmea involucrifera Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32:157. 1034.
BraziL: Cultivated, Hort. Liége (LG, type).
Minas Gerais: Caldas, Regnell I-437 (S, US). Pocos de Caldas, Viegas
(SP).
SAo Pauto: Mun. Sao Paulo: Foster 488 (GH).
Aso: Bottvia, PARAGUAY, ARGENTINA.
51c. Aechmea distichantha var. glaziovii (Baker) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot.
Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 102. 1943.
Aechmea glaziovii Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 133. 1870.
Quesnelia wittmackiana Regel, Gartenflora 37: 497, pl. 1281, fig. 2. 1888.
Aechmea jucunda E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 55. 1880.
Aechmea regelu Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 330. 1892.
Aechmea wittmackiana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3:340. 1802.
Aechmea pulchella E. Morr. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 341. 1892.
Brazit: Cultivated, Atkinson 88 (BH); Bleu (LG, GH neg. 2031); Hort.
Liége (LG, Aechmea witimackiana Mez, Ae. pulchella E. Morr.).
Minas Gerats: Pocos de Caldas, Viégas (SP). Sapucai Mirim, Kuhlmann
2606 (SP). Mun. Delfim Moreira: Sao Francisco dos Campos, Kuhlmann
& Kiihn 2431 (SP).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade (RB); 14053 (RB) ; Ferreira in L. B. Smith
1712 (GH); Foster 147 (GH, R, US); Glaziou 8986 (P, isotype of
Aechmea glaziovii Baker, GH neg. 2055); L. B. Smith 1474 (GH, S);
1662 (GH); 1726 (GH).
Sao Pauto: Alto da Serra, Hoehne (GH, SP); Luederwaldt (SP); L. B.
Smith 1872 (GH); 2109 (GH). Serra da Bocaina, Duarte & Brade 21197
(RB, US); Glaziou & Schwacke (R). Bananal, Serra da Bocaina, Brade
& Abpparicio 20146 (RB, US). Itapira, Hoehne (GH, SP). Mogi das
Cruzes, Pickel 5089 (SP). Sao Paulo, M. Kuhlmann (SP); Pickel 4675
(SP). Mun. Amparo: Monte Alegre, Kuhlmann & Kiihn 410 (SP).
Mun. Atibaia: Pedra Grande, Gehrt (SP).
ParANA: Mun. Campo Largo: Serra Sao Luiz de Puruna, Hatschbach 1566
(US).
52. Aechmea amazonica Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 136. 1907.
Amazonas: All Ule’s herbarium material is from Peru but in his original de-
scription he notes seeing the species along the Rio Jurua.
ALso: CoLoMBIA.
53. Aechmea tillandsioides (Mart. ex Schult.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 134.
1870.
Billbergia tillandsioides Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1260.
1830.
Aechmea xiphophylla Baker, Handb. Bromel. 63. 18809.
Amazonas: Cocui to Rio Icana on the Rio Negro, Schultes & Lépez 9568
(IAN, US). Ega [Tefé], Poeppig (P). Ilha Vista Alegre, upper Rio
Negro, Baldwin 3461 (US). Tefé, Black 47-1227 (IAN); Pires 1301
(IAN). Mun. Humaita: Rio Madeira, Krukoff 7155 (GH).
216 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLE€TIONS VOL. 126
Acre (?): Sao Jodo, Ule 6007 (MG).
Atso: México to CoLomBIA and GuIANA.
54. Aechmea contracta (Mart. ex Schult.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 234. 1879.
Billbergia contracta Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1263. 1830.
BraziL: Probable, but not yet recorded.
CotomsBra: Araracoara and Porto das Miranhas, Martius (M, type, F neg.
8633).
Subgenus Ortgiesia (Regel) Mez
55. Aechmea hamata Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 347. 1802.
Brazit: Cultivated, Hennings (B, type, F neg. 11314).
56. Aechmea caesia E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 43. 1880.
Brazit: Unpublished plate, E. Morren (K, type). Cultivated, Sander (LG).
57. Aechmea fasciata (Lindl.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 231. 1870.
CR Dr pec co = an eS 2 TS ee Var. a. fasciata
1, Leaves 'red-purple.. i. ats nee e ea bh as pes. escecedeaes Var. b. purpurea
57a. Aechmea fasciata var. fasciata.
Billbergia fasciata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1130. 1828.
Billbergia rhodocyanea Lem. Fl. des Serres 3: pl. 207. 1847.
Aechmea dealbata E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 58. 18809.
Brazi_: Sellow bromel. 94 (P). Cultivated, Hort. Liége (LG, Aechmea deal-
bata E. Morr.); Hort. Vratislaw (GH).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Alto da Serra to Meio da Serra, L. B. Smith 1548 (GH, S).
Rio Paquequer, Serra dos Orgaos, Brade 16484 (RB). Old road below
Petropolis, Smith & Mus. R 6459 (R, US). Teodoro de Oliveira to Nova
Friburgo, Smith & Mus. R 7112 (R, US). Teresdpolis, Bailey 12905 (BH) ;
Brade (R); Duarte & Pereira (RB); Foster 977 (GH); Ule 4137 (R);
Veloso (R).
Distrito FepERAL: Andarai Grande, Glaziou 11686 (K (US neg. 4194), P).
Corcovado, L. B. Smith 13906 (GH); Smith & Vieira 1384 (B, GH).
Paineiras, Corcovado, J. G. Kuhlmann 6152 (RB, US). Engenho Novo,
Glaziou 11677 (P). Gavea, Reitz 4474 (HBR). Quinta da Boa Vista,
Glaziou 16409 (P); 16410 (K, US neg. 4195). Realengo, Viana Freire
400 (R). Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud 123 (P); Wilkes Expedition (GH,
US). Cultivated, SA0 Cristovao, Lindman A-7 (S); A-9 (S); Ule (R).
57b. Aechmea fasciata var. purpurea (Guillon) Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV.
32: 152. 1034.
Billbergia rhodocyanea purpurea Guillon, Rev. Hortic. 55: 453. 1883.
Brazit: Described from cultivation, no herbarium material seen.
58. Aechmea recurvata (KI.) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98:5. 1932.
1. Inflorescence completely exserted above the leaf-sheaths; floral bracts
BEFTALE. So Ge vlcnatabigecsse Sek eee eeuMeates tee ekaaes Var. a. recurvata
1. Inflorescence almost or wholly included by the leaf-sheaths.
2. Leaves and bracts strongly serrate..........0.sseeesees Var. b. ortgiesii
2. Leaves and bracts entire or neafly'sO...:..5....00.see0s Var. c. benrathii
58a. Aechmea recurvata var. recurvata
Macrochordium recurvatum Ki. Allg. Gartenz. 24: 393. 1856.
Hohenbergia legrelliana Baker, Saund. Ref. Bot. 4: pl. 285. 1871.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 217
Origiesia tillandsioides B subexserta Regel, Gartenflora 24: 188. 1875.
Aechmea legrelliana Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 236. 1879.
Origiesia legrelliana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 19. 18809.
Aechmea ampullacea Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 257. 1896.
Aechmea ampullacea var. longifolia Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot.
Genéve 20: 203. I9I9.
Brazit: Sellow bromel. 64 (P).
ParanA: Morrétes, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Palmas, Reitz 4221 (HBR). Pedra
Preta, M. Kuhlmann (GH, SP). Mun. Prudentépolis: Linha Esperanga,
Frengel (Inst. Biol. Pesq. Tec.).
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Biguagi: Fachinal, Reitz C-931 (HBR). Mun.
Canoinhas: Papanduva, Reitz 4752 (! Reitz). Mun. Itajai: Praia Braba,
Reitz (! Reitz). Mun. Porto Uniao: Marata, Reitz 4220 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: Capella, Eugenio 447 (NY); 2661 (GH). Cascata de
Hermenegilda, Serra dos Tapes, Lindman (S). Porto Alegre, Lindman
a in part (S); Rambo (LIL). Porto Alegre to Canoas, Lindman A-411
(S). Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 1803 (GH, HBR). Toca do Tigre, near
Itapoan, Rambo (US). Mun. Rio Grande: Cocuruté, Lindman b in part
(S); A-749 (S).
58b. Aechmea recurvata var. ortgiesii (Baker) Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb.
Barbosa Rodrigues 4:29. 1952.
Ortgiesia tillandsioides Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. for 1866: 81. 1867.
Aechmea ortgiesiti Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 236. 1879.
Portea tillandsioides Nicholson, Dict. Gard. 3: 202. 1886.
BraZIL: Cultivated, Glaziou 16448 (P); 16449 (P); 17287 (P).
Parana: Foster 454 (GH); Hoehne (GH, SP). Pinhaes, Dusén 14609 (S).
Pirai, Dusén 3028 (R). Mun. Curitiba: Curitiba, Dusén 2410 (R, S).
Santa Felicidade, Hatschbach 1913 (US). Mun. Ponta Grossa: Vila Velha,
Foster 404 (GH, US neg. 3951, 3952).
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, F. Mueller (GH). Campo dos Padres, Reitz
2503 (HBR, US). Serra do Mirador, Taid, Reitz 3055 (HBR); 4751
(! Reitz). Mun. Canoinhas: Papanduva, Reitz 3919 (HBR). Mun. Itajai:
Cabecudas, Reitz 3959 (HBR, US). Mun. Sao Joaquim: Fachinal, Bom
Jardim, Reitz 3282 (HBR, US).
58c. Aechmea recurvata var. benrathii (Mez) Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Bar-
bosa Rodrigues 4:30. 1952.
Aechmea benrathit Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:6. ro10.
? Aechmea rupestris F. Mueller ex Ule, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch.
17:56. 1899. Nomen.
SANTA CATARINA: Cultivated, Benrath (B, type, F neg. 11307). Blumenau,
Schwacke 55 (R). Brusque, Reitz (HBR); 3503 (HBR); 3629 (HBR).
Joinvile, Reitz (! Reitz). Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz C-1223
(HBR). Mun. Itajai: Cabecudas, Reitz 3624 (HBR); Smith & Reitz
6082 (R, US). Itajai, Reitz 4754 (! Reitz). Praia Braba, Reitz 2205
(HBR, US); Smith & Reitz 6007 (US). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa,
Seidel in Reitz 4041 (HBR).
59. Aechmea pitcairnioides Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 258. 1896.
Bafa: Blanchet (G, type, F neg. 8482).
218 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
60. Aechmea pimenti-velosoi Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues
4:26, pl. 8. 1952.
1. Ovary white-tobientuloseienst .tieceG) .ccll.t Var. a. pimenti-velosoi
1. Ovary glibrouspredicahas opened. 20) ose eee. Var. b. glabra
60a. Aechmea pimenti-velosoi var. pimenti-velosoi.
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Rio do Sul.: Barra do Trombudo, Reitz 4051 (HBR,
type; US); 4061 (HBR, US); 4184 (HBR).
Me
Wi
WW)
K
Fic. 101.—Aechmea distichantha var. distichantha: a, Apex of leaf, X %4;
b, inflorescence, X %4; c, spike, & 1; d, flower, X 1; e, sepals, X 1; f, petal and
stamens, X 1. (6, d, e, and f after Arquivos de Botanica do Estado de S. Paulo.)
Fic. 102.—Aechmea pectinata: a, Apex of leaf, X ™%4; b, inflorescence, X %;
c, floral bract, 1; d, flower, X1; e, petal with groove into which filament
fits, X 1. (All after Lindman.)
6ob. Aechmea pimenti-velosoi var. glabra Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa
Rodrigues 5: 256. 1053.
Santa Catartna: Mun. Itajai: Praia Braba, Reitz 5707 (HBR, type) ; Reitz
& Klein 753 (1 Reitz).
Subgenus Pothuava (Gaud.) Benth. & Hook. f.
61. Aechmea pectinata Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 233. 1879. F1iGURE 102.
Chevalieria crocophylla E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 35: 81. 1885.
Aechmea crocophylla Baker, Handb. Bromel. 65. 1880.
Aechmea armata Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:33, pl. 7,
figs. I-13. 1891.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 219
Rio pE JANEIRO: Restinga de Mauda, Ule 4136 (R). Serra dos Orgios, Ule
1984 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Praia de Sernambetiba, Smith & Mus. R 6818 (R, US),
6819 (R, US), 6820 (US), 6821 (US). Tijuca, Glasiou 15484 (C, G (F
neg. 8487) ).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 360 (GH, R); Hoehne (GH, SP); L. B.
Smith 1841 (GH, S). Cubatao, L. B. Smith 2045 (GH). Serra de Cubatio,
Burchell 3594 (K, type, GH neg. 2698). Ramal Mairink to Santos, Lamber
(GH, SP). Rio Buturoca, Santos, Mosén 3244 (S, type of Aechmea
armata Lindm.). Monte Japui, Sdo Vicente, L. B. Smith 2006 (GH).
ParAnA: Caioba, Foster 433 (GH, R); M. Kuhlmann (SP). Guaratuba, Inst.
Malariologia (HBR) ; Reitz 4249 (HBR); Smith & Reitz 5744 (R, RB,
US). Jacarei, Dusén 7891 (S) ; 14607 (GH, S, US). Pérto Dom Pedro II,
Dusén 4448 (R, S).
Santa Catarina: Mun. Araquari: Barra do Sul, Reitz & Klein 538 (! Reitz).
Mun. Sao Francisco do Sul: Porto das Canoas, Smith & Reitz 5706 (R,
RB, US). Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3681 (! Reitz); 3731 (HBR);
3834 (HBR); 3884 (HBR, US).
62. Aechmea turbinocalyx Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 359. 18902.
Baia: Blanchet (G, type, F neg. 8483).
63. Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 593. 1864.
1. Floral bracts reniform and minute or lacking........... Var. a. nudicaulis
1. Floral bracts triangular, relatively conspicuous.
By Rtas As BONIS YOU ata cics« wiseracee.id «nj aso SOME es Var. b. cuspidata
2., Petals. red; sepals tinged with red........ic«cldheeks Var. c, aureo-rosea
63a. Aechmea nudicaulis var. nudicaulis
Bromelia nudicaulis L. Sp. Pl. 286. 1753.
Not recorded in Brazil.
México, CentraAL AMERICA, WEsT INDIES, VENEZUELA.
63b. Aechmea nudicaulis var. cuspidata Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 234. 1870.
FIGURE 103.
Tillandsia uni-spicata Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 132. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 124.
1835.
Pothuava spicata Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 117. 1851.
Aechmea sulcata Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:31, pl. 5,
figs. 15-21. 1801.
Aechmea nudicaulis var. sulcata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 269. 1806.
BraziLt: Regnell 212 (S); Widgren 920 (S).
Bafa: Blanchet 2282 (P).
Espiriro Santo: (Bananal), Viana Freire 48 (R). Cachoeiro de Itapemirim,
Foster 973 (GH). Vargem Alta, Foster 920 (GH). Vit6éria, Foster 180
(GH) ; 879 (GH, US). Vitoria to Campinas, Foster 211 (GH).
Minas Gerats: Caldas, Mosén 758 (S); 4429 (S); Regnell III-1255 (S, type
of Aechmea sulcata Lindm.; US); III-1257 (S). Serra de Ouro Preto,
Ule 341 (R). Pouso Alegre, Hoehne (GH, SP). Sapucai Mirim, M. Kuhl-
mann 2605 (SP).
Rio pe JANEIRO: Contagallo, Glaziou 15482 (P). Itatiaia, Foster 126 (GH);
137 (GH, US). Restinga de Maua, Ule (R). Petropolis, Goés & Con-
stantino 1078 (RB). Old road below Petropolis, Smith & Mus. R 6494
220 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
(US) ; 6496 (R, US). Lagoa de Piratininga, J. G. Kuhlmann (RB, US).
Vila Nova, Glaziou 7501 (P). Mun. Sao Joao de Barra: Atafona, Sampaio
6317 (R); Santos & Lauro (R). Barcelos to Atafona, Smith & Mus. R
6674 (R, US).
Distrito FepERAL: Monte do Cochrane, L. B. Smith 1349 (GH). Jardim Bo-
tanico, Bailey 258 (BH). Quinta, Glaziou 16407 (P); 16415 (P). Ilha
do Raimundo, Vidal (R). “Isle aux Rats,’ Rio Harbor, Commerson (P).
Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Foster 495 (GH); 496 (GH); Lutz 858 (R);
1455 (GH); 1456 (GH); Lutz & Cochrane (R, US). Rio de Janeiro,
Hoehne (SP). Restinga de Jacarepagua, Ule (R). Restinga de Sernambe-
tiba, Silveira & Brade 15771 (RB); Smith & Mus. R 6813 (US), 6826
(R, US), 6831 (US). Tijuca, Glaziou 2732 (P). Tijuca, Excelsior, Luta
1441 (R). Restinga da Tijuca, Machado (RB).
Sio Pauto: Alto da Serra, Smith, Hoehne & Kuhlmann 1833 (GH). Atibaia,
Foster 476 (GH, R). Rio Buturoca, Santos, Mosén 2978 (S). Cubatao,
L. B. Smith 2042 (GH). Guaruja, L. B. Smith 2029 (B, F, GH, K, S, US).
Itanhaém, L. B. Smith 2059 (GH). Santos, Foster 486 (GH, US). Ramal
Mairink to Santos, Lamber (SP). Mun. Sao Paulo: Butanta, Hoehne
(SP). Santo Amaro, Krieger 181 (SP). Sao Paulo, Doering (GH, SP);
Loefgren (GH, SP); Ostermeyer (SP).
ParANnA: Caioba, Foster 434 (GH, R); Gehrt (SP, US). Curitiba to Joinvile
near the Santa Catarina line, Reitz 3758-e (HBR). Guaratuba, Reitz 4238
(HBR). Jacarei, Dusén go10 (S, US); 15830 (S) ; 16103 (GH, S, US);
17316 (GH, S, US). Morrétes, Dusén 8594 (S). Mun. Paranagua: Para-
nagua, Tessmann (US). Rio Pereque, Hatschbach 1998 (US).
Santa CATARINA: Gaudichaud 131 (P, type of Pothuava spicata Gaud.) ;
D’Urville (P). Blumenau, Reitz 3706 (HBR). Brusque, Reitz 3236
(HBR); 3609 (HBR). Laguna, Reitz & Klein 94 (HBR). Ribeirao
Grande, Taid, Reitz 3980 (HBR). Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3654-c
(HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz C-779 (HBR). Mun. Floria-
nOopolis: Rio Vermelho, Reitz 4268 (HBR). Trinidade, Rohr (LIL). Mun.
Itajai: Praia Braba, Reitz 2291 (HBR, US). Mun. Jaragua do Sul:
Corupa, Seidel 34 (! Reitz). Mun. Orledes: Rio Mirador, Reitz 3370
(HBR). Mun. Palhoga: Campo do Massiambi, Reitz 4966 (! Reitz).
Rio GRANDE po Sut: Lagoa dos Quadros near Torres, Rambo (HBR, US).
63c. Aechmea nudicaulis var. aureo-rosea (Antoine) L. B. Smith, p. 17.
Hoplophytum aureo-roseum Antoine, Wien. Ill. Garten-Zeit. 6:97, pl. 1.
1881.
Aechmea aureo-rosea Baker, Handb. Bromel. 63. 1889.
BraziL: Cultivated, Ule 4043 (R).
Minas Gerats: Coronel Pacheco, Heringer 1149 (SP). Mun. Nova Lima:
Lagoa Grande, Williams & Assis 5786-a (GH).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Alto da Serra to Meio da Serra, L. B. Smith 1544 (GH).
Carmo, on Rio Paquequer, Neves Armond 125 (R). Soberbo to Guapi,
Serra dos Orgios, L. B. Smith 1531 (B, GH, S). Surui, Foster 18-A
(GH).
Distrito Feperat: Ilha d’Agua, Rio Harbor, Delforge 3 (RB). Guaratiba,
Smith & Mus. R 6530 (R, US). Paineiras, Corcovado, L. B. Smith 1216
(GH). Rio de Janeiro, Reitz 4028 (HBR). Tijuca, Foster 322 (GH, R);
Lindman A-53 (S).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 221
SAo Pauto: [Alto da] Serra, Handro (SP). Buturoca, Santos, Mosén 2978
(C (F neg. 22317), S).
64. Aechmea cylindrata Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:32, pl. 8,
figs. 28-35. 1891.
Aechmea cylindrata var. micrantha Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24:
no. 8: 32, pl. 8, figs. 36-40. 1891.
? Aechmea hyacinthus F. Mueller, Gartenflora 42:717. 18093.
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 382 (GH); Hoehne (GH, SP). Boracéa,
Lima & da Silva (SP). Rio Buturoca, Santos, Mosén 2075 (S); 3245
(S, type of Aechmea cylindrata var. micrantha Lindm.). Salesdpolis to
Boracéa, M. Kuhlmann 2040 (SP). Ribeirao do Tijuco, M. Kuhlmann
(SP). Rio Tijuco, Foster 464 (GH, R).
ParaANA: Carvalho, Dusén 13154 (S). Curitiba, Foster 421 (GH). Curitiba
to Paranagua, Reitz 5758 (HBR, US). Ipiranga, Monte Alegre, Dusén
3491 (R). Jacarei, Dusén 6633 (S) ; 7800 (S) ; 9011 (S, US); 14550 (S);
16104 (S); 17196 (S, US); 17317 (S). Morrétes, Hoehne (GH, SP);
M. Kuhimann (SP, US). 4 km. from Paranagua, Foster 450 (GH, R, US).
Mun. Sao José dos Pinhaes: Vossoroca, Hatschbach 1592 (US).
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Reitz 3670 (HBR). Herval, Dusén (S). Mun.
Brusque: Morro da Bateia, Reitz C-1902 (HBR, US). Morro Spitzkopf,
Reitz 2252 (HBR, US). Ribeirao do Ouro, Reitz 3633 (HBR). Mun.
Itajai: Morro do Bat, Reitz C-2063 (HBR, US); 4189 (HBR).
65. Aechmea comata (Gaud.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 234. 1870.
Mie ee AR CMM OLOUS 5 15 «co 0,aye'e 0.0 wa «'c.4.6 ste adie aetiaiee Var. a. comata
Ey eae IANeS VEMGW=StTIDEUs<..0.0 a a0 oe os cw aa oweceeaae Var. b. makoyana
65a. Aechmea comata var. comata
Pothuava comata Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 116. 1851.
Hoplophytum lindenit E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 15: 164. 1865.
Aechmea lindenii Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 233. 1879.
Macrochordium lindenii Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 23. 1801.
BraziL: Gaudichaud (P, type). Cultivated, Atkinson 92 (BH, MT); E. Mor-
ren (LG); Strauss (B, F neg. 11321).
SANTA CATARINA: Laguna, Reitz 4166 (HBR). Mun. Biguacu: Fachinal,
Reitz C-929 (HBR). Mun. Florianopolis: Rohr 457 (LIL). Morro das
Pedras, Smith & Reitz 6204 (R, RB, US). Ponta Grossa, Reitz 4260
(HBR). Santo Antonio, Reitz 3831 (HBR) ; 3831-a (HBR) ; 3933 (HBR,
US). Sao José, Hoehne (GH, SP). Mun. Palhoga: Campo do Massiambu,
Reitz & Klein 1046 (! Reitz). Paulo Lopes, Reitz 3704 (HBR); Reitz &
Klein 39 (HBR). Mun. Porto Belo: Canto Grande, Reitz 3629 (HBR,
US).
Rio GRANDE Do Sut: Torres, Golland in Lindman (S).
65b. Aechmea comata var. makoyana (Mez) L. B. Smith, p. 14.
Aechmea makoyana Hort. Makoy ex Rev. Hortic. 65: 203. 1893. Nomen.
Hoplophytum lineatum Hort. ex Gard. Chron. 1893, pt. 1: 414. 1893.
Aechmea lindenii var. makoyana Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 159.
1934.
Brazit: Described from cultivation.
222 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
66. Aechmea calyculata (E. Morr.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 232. 1879.
Hoplophytum calyculatum E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 15: 162, pl. 17. 1865.
Aechmea selloana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 60. 1889.
Echinostachys pineliana sensu Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29:14. 1891.
Not Brongn.
Brazit: Sellow bromel. 29 (P); bromel. 71 (P); 4008 (B, type of Aechmea
selloana Baker, F neg. 11323). Cultivated, Atkinson 3 (BH); 4 (UC);
9 (BH, MO).
Santa CaTARINA: Dusén 11918 (S); F. Mueller (K, GH neg. 2700). Culti-
vated, Hort. Liége (LG); Linden (LG, type). Blumenau, Reitz 3562
(HBR); 35909 (HBR); 3640 (HBR); 3978 (HBR). Ribeirao Grande,
Taid, Reitz 3992 (HBR). Mun. Chapecé: Itapiranga, Reitz 4753 (! Reitz,
inflorescence branched). Itapiranga, Rio Peperi-Guagu, Reitz 3859-a
(HBR). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Seidel 7 (HBR).
Aso: ARGENTINA.
67. Aechmea squarrosa Baker, Handb. Bromel. 63. 1889. Not Journ. Bot.
28: 305. 1890.
Rio pE JANEIRO: Cantagallo, Glaziou 15486 (B, isotype, F neg. 11325).
68. Aechmea alopecurus Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 367. 1892.
BraziL: Pohl 5230 (W, type).
69. Aechmea vanhoutteana (Van Houtte) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:
366. 1892.
Echinostachys vanhoutteana Van Houtte, Catal. 1878.
Quesnelia vanhouttei E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 31: 163, 350. 1881.
Quesnelia vanhoutteana E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 31: pl. 18. 1881.
Macrochordium vanhoutteanum Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 4. 1801.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 132 (GH, R); 1035 (GH, US); L. B. Smith
1443: :(B,.F,-GH,'K,:S,, US):
70. Aechmea kleinii Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 5: 254, pl. I.
1954.
Santa CATARINA: Mun. Sao José: Serra da Boa Vista, Reitz 5388 (! Reitz) ;
5762 (HBR, US); Reitz & Klein 935 (HBR, type).
71. Aechmea pineliana (Brongn. ex Planch.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 232. 1879.
Echinostachys pineliana Brongn. ex Planch. Hort. Donat. 25. 1854-58.
Brazit: Cultivated, Hort. Kew (K, GH neg. 2701); Ule (R).
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 262 (GH, US). Mun. Castelo: Braco
do Sul, Brade 19432 (RB, US).
Rro DE JANEIRO: Cabo Frio, Glaziou 13244 (P). Nova Friburgo, Glaziou 15487
(P); 19920 (P). Teresdpolis, Sampaio 3367 (R).
Distrito FEDERAL: “Morro-chemado” (? Morro Queimado), Pinel (P, type,
GH neg. 2053). Quinta, Glaziou 16404 (P).
72. Aechmea triticina Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 369. 1892.
1. Apices of the floral bracts surpassed by the sepals; upper scape-bracts entire.
Var. a. triticina
1. Apices of the floral bracts exceeding the sepals; upper scape-bracts serrulate.
Var. b. capensis
no. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 223
q2a. Aechmea triticina var. triticina
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 281 (GH). Vitoria, Foster 206 (GH,
R). Mun. Cachoeiro de Itapemirim: Vargem Alta, Foster 918 (GH, US);
935 (GH, US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Palmeiras, Glaziou 8985 (B, type, F neg. 11328).
72b. Aechmea triticina var. capensis L. B. Smith, p. 19.
Rio bE JANEIRO: Cabo Frio, Ule (R, type). Mun. Sao Joao da Barra, Barcelos
to Atafona, L. B. Smith & Mus. R 6673 (US).
y,
LA
y/!) fi f
)
Fic. 103. Fic, 104.
\
\\\
i
Fic. 103.—Aechmea nudicaulis var. cuspidata: a, Inflorescence, X %; b, floral
bract and flower, X 1; c, sepal, X 2; d, petal and stamen, X 2.
Fic. 104.—Aechmea ornata var. hoehneana: a, Apex of leaf, * %; D, inflo-
rescence, X %4; ¢, floral bract, 1; d, sepal, X1; e, petal and stamen, X1;
f, longitudinal section of ovary, X I.
73. Aechmea ornata (Gaud.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 162. 1879.
~ 1. Leaves concolorous.
2. Inflorescence to 4 cm. in diameter without the petals; flowers stout; petals
PST pale TEN vOr TOSE,. soe. cae sone or caleg cae PaVMeRnR Var. a. ornata
2. Inflorescence about 3 cm. in diameter without the petals; flowers slender;
eta ie es aS. e eee ee I a ees Var. b. hoehneana
1. Leaves longitudinally green- and yellow-striped......... Var. c. nationalis
73a. Aechmea ornata var. ornata
Chevalieria ornata Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 62. 1843.
Aechmea hystrix E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 30: 243, pl. 13. 1880.
Echinostachys hystrix Wittm. Bot. Jahrb. 13, Beibl. 29: 4. 1801.
224 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
BraziL: Gaudichaud 129 in part (P, type, GH neg. 2975). Cultivated, E. Mor-
ren Icon. (K, GH neg. 1385).
SAo Pauto: Guapiara, M. Kuhlmann (SP, US). Paiol do Meio, Foster 1124
(GH, US). Sao Paulo to Curitiba, km. 278, Foster 396 (GH, R).
ParANA: Banhado, Serra do Mar, Dusén (S); 14468 (GH, S). Curitiba to
Joinvile near Santa Catarina line, Reitz 38900 (HBR); 4218 (HBR).
Curitiba to Paranagua, km. 48, Tessmann (Paran., US). Ipiranga, Serra
do Mar, Dusén 3543 (R, S). Mun. Piraquara: Campininha, Hatschbach
1160 (US).
SANTA Catarina: Brusque, Reitz 3614 (HBR) ; 3642 (HBR). Campo Alegre,
Reitz 3886 (HBR). Laguna, Reitz 38908 (HBR) ; 4188 (HBR); Reitz &
Klein tor (HBR). Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3885 (HBR). Mun.
Biguagu: Fachinal, Reitz C-928 (GH, HBR). Mun. Floriandpolis: Rio
Vermelho, Reitz 4266 (HBR). Mun. Porto Belo: Canto Grande, Reitz
3615 (HBR).
73b. Aechmea ornata var. hoehneana L. B. Smith, p. 17, fig. 104.
SAo Pauto: Paiol do Meio, Gehrt (GH, type (US neg. 4279); SP). Sao
Bernardo, Edwall (SP).
ParANnA: Mun. Paranagua: Caioba, Foster 452 (GH).
73c. Aechmea ornata var. nationalis Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa
Rodrigues 4:30. 1952.
Santa Catarina: Morro Bat, Itajai, Reitz 4764 (HBR, type).
Subgenus Macrochordium (De Vriese) Baker
74. Aechmea nervata L. B. Smith, p. 17, fig. 105.
Espirito SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 176-A (GH, type, US neg. 4263).
75. Aechmea alba Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 375. 1892.
Baia: Blanchet 2276 (G, type, F neg. 8480).
R1o DE JANEIRO: (Esperanca), Riedel (! Mez, citation doubtful, probably from
Baia).
76. Aechmea lamarchei Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 370. 1892.
Macrochordium lamarchei E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 67. 1880.
As “lamarckii.”
Aechmea lagenaria Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 372. 1892.
BraziL: Cultivated, Lamarche (LG, type); Strauss (B, F neg. 11318).
Baia: Blanchet 1526 (G, isotype of Aechmea lagenaria Mez, F neg. 8486).
Espirito SANTO: Domingos Martins, Foster 176 (GH, R). Mun. Cachoeira de
Itapemirim: Vargem Alta, Morro de Sal, Brade 19414 (RB, US).
Minas Gerats: Saint-Hilaire C-174 (P). Distrito Carangola, Mexia 4316-a
(GH, US). Conceicio, Belo Horizonte, Foster 630 (GH, US). Coronel
Pacheco, Heringer 1968 (SP). Distrito Ilheu, Mexia 4972 (GH, US).
Serra do Cipé, Foster 637 (GH, US). Vicosa, Mexia 4789-a (GH) ; 4859-a
(GH).
77. Aechmea triangularis L. B. Smith, p. 19, fig. 106.
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 829 (GH, type, US neg. 4261).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 225
78. Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker in Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. 3: 664.
1883.
Tillandsia bromelufolia Rudge, Guyan. 32, pl. 50. 1807.
Bromelia tinctoria Mart. in Spix & Mart. Reise Bras. 2: 554. 1828.
Macrochordium pulchrum Beer, Bromel. 147. 1857.
Aechmea conspicuiarmata Baker, Handb. Bromel. 67. 1880.
Aechmea macroneottia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 68. 1880.
Aechmea tinctoria Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 373, pl. 73. 1892.
Pi
RE De
Ze)
a
ees 4 a ee
eer
ASSEN,
Fic. 105. Fic. 106.
Fic. 105.—Aechmea nervata: a, Scape and inflorescence, X %4; b, sepals, X 1;
c, base of petal, & 1; d, longitudinal section of ovary, X I.
Fic. 106.—Aechmea triangularis: a, Leaf-blade, X %4; b, scape and inflores-
cence, X %; c, sepals, 1; d, petal and stamen, X1I; e, longitudinal section
of ovary, XI.
Aechmea pulchra Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 374. 1892.
Hoiriri bromeliifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 3: 303. 1898.
Aechmea eriostachya Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 197. 1908.
Aechmea ellipsoidea Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 212. 1927.
Brazit: Glaziou 16405 (P). Goids to Cuiaba, Weddell (P). Cultivated,
Gehrt (SP); Ule (R).
Amazonas: Rio Xiborem, Luetzelburg in Rondon 22013 (M).
ParA: Rio Capim. Huber (MG). Upper Rio Cupari between the Xingu and
Tapajos, Krukoff 1222 (NY).
Praui: Serra do Brejo, southern Piaui, Luetzelburg (1! Mez).
CearA: Aurora, southern Ceara, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Paraisa: Serra da Viracaio, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
226 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Baia: Bom Jesus de Lapa, Rio Sao Francisco, Luetzelburg (1! Mez). Upper
Rio de Contas, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Serra de Itiuba, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Joazeiro, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Maracas, Foster 2465 (US) ; Ule 7028 (B,
type of Aechmea eriostachya Ule, F neg. 11312). Toca da Onca Rose &
Russell 20108 (US).
Minas Gerais: Caldas, Regnell III-1726 (B (F neg. 11322), S). Serra do
Cipd, Costa 34 (R). Conselheiro Matta-Rodeador, Brade 13971 (RB).
Ouro Branco, Castellanos 20585 (GH).
—> >
=
—>
—$———=
Fic. 107.—Aechmea maculata: a, Habit (after M. B. Foster), * %; b, apex
of leaf, 1; c, floral bract and flower, 1; d, sepal, X1; e, petal and
stamen, X I.
Fic. 108.—Aechmea chlorophylla: a, Scape and inflorescence, X %; b, sepal,
xX 1; c, petal and stamen, X 2; d, longitudinal section of ovary, X I.
Marto Grosso: Camizao, Foster 1090 (GH, US). Guia, Lindman A-3521 1/2
(S). Sao Luiz de Caceres, Hoehne in Rondon 383 (R); 439 (R); 4723
(R); 4724 (R).
SAo Pauto: Campinas, Mosén 3929 (S). Pinheiros, Loefgren (SP). Rio Tiete,
Itapura, Foster 1099 (GH, US). Mun. Sao Paulo: Cidade Jardim, Smith
& Kuhlmann 1801 (F, GH). Orchidario, Foster 342 (GH, R, US). Santo
Amaro, Krieger 178 (SP). Sao Paulo, Kruse (SP); Pickel 4629 (SP).
ParRANA: Jaguariaiva, Dusén (S); 10779 (S, US); 15446 (S); 16072 (GH,
S, US). Serrinha, Dusén 7024 (S). Mun. Ponta Grossa: San Luis to
Vila Velha, Foster 409 (GH, R, US). Vila Velha, Dusén 2799 (R);
Gehrt (SP); M. Kuhlmann (SP, US).
Rro GRANDE DO SUL: Caaro near Sao Luiz, Rambo (! Rambo).
Aso: GUATEMALA and BritisH HonpurAs to ParAcuAy and ARGENTINA.
NO: I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 227
79. Aechmea maculata L. B. Smith, p. 15, fig. 107.
Minas Gerais: Cultivated, Reitz 4770 (HBR). Pico de Piedade, Belo Hori-
zonte, Foster 561 (GH, type, US neg. 4262).
80. Aechmea chlorophylla L. B. Smith, p. 14, fig. 108.
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 176-B (GH) ; 830 (GH, type, US neg.
4260).
Subgenus Purpurospadix Mez
81. Aechmea fernandae (E. Morr.) Baker, Handb. Bromel. 64. 1889.
Bromelia longifolia Rich. Schomburgk, Reise 3: 903. 1848. Nomen, not
Rudge.
Bromelia fernandae E. Morr. Ill. Hortic. 18: 114, pl. 65. 1871.
Aechmea schomburgkii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 66. 1889.
ParA: Cultivated from material sent by Wallis, Hort. Liége (LG).
Aso: BritisH GUIANA.
82. Aechmea rubiginosa Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 285. 1806.
Aechmea fernandae Baker, Handb. Bromel. 64. 1889. In part, not as to
type.
Amazonas: (Boca Esperancga), J. G. Kuhlmann 697 (RB). Sao Pedro, Rio
Padauiri, basin of Rio Negro, Froes 22674 (IAN).
ParA: Reparticao Cumina, tributary of Rio Trombetas, J. G. Kuhlmann 1706
(RB, US).
ALso: VENEZUELA.
83. Aechmea multifiora L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 4, pl. 1, figs. 1-3.
1037. FIGURE 109.
Baia: Feira de Santana, Foster 2478 (US). Rio Grungogi, Curran 297 (US,
type). Milagres to Maracas, Foster 2451 (US).
Espiriro Santo: Collatina, Foster 224 (GH, R). Itapemirim, Foster 153
(GH).
84. Aechmea depressa L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado SAo Paulo nov. ser.
1:54, pl. 66. 1941.
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 71 (GH, type (US neg. 3939, 3949), R).
85. Aechmea saxicola L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
2: 118, pl. 48. 1950.
Espirtro Santo: Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Foster 164 (US, type; GH, R).
Vitoria, Foster 188 (GH).
86. Aechmea conifera L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1:53, pl. 65. 10941.
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 76 (GH, type (US neg. 3940, 3948), R).
87. Aechmea perforata L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser.
1:55, pl. 70. 1941.
Espirito SANnTo: Santa Teresa, Foster 314 (GH, type (US neg. 3957), R).
88. Aechmea sphaerocephala (Gaud.) Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 162. 1879.
Chevalieria sphaerocephala Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pi. 61. 1843.
Chevaliera gigantea Maury, Bull. Assoc. France. (Congr. Toulouse) 556,
pl. 17. 1888.
Aechmea gigantea Baker, Handb. Bromel. 65. 1889. Not Baker, op. cit. 45.
228 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Espiriro SANTO: Itapemirim, Foster 152 (GH, R, US).
Distrito FEDERAL: Copacabana, Glaziou 5466 (P, US). Rio de Janeiro, Foster
1139 (GH) ; Gaudichaud 369 in part (P, type, GH neg. 2974).
89. Aechmea leucolepis L. B. Smith, p. 14, fig. 110.
Baia: Milagres to Maracas, Foster 2452 (US, type).
90. Aechmea stephanophora E. Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 67. 1880.
Chevalieria stephanophora Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 154. 1896.
Fic. 109. Fic. 110.
Fic. 109.—Aechmea multiflora: a, Scape and inflorescence, X %4;
b, sepal, X 1; ¢, petal, X 1.
Fic. 110.—Aechmea leucolepis: a, Apex of leaf, X %4; b, inflorescence, X %4;
¢, Horal bract, 2.1; 0, sepal, <1.
BraAziL: Cultivated, E. Morren icon. (K, type).
PERNAMBUCO: Iguaracu, Ridley & Ramage (BM, US neg. 4024, 4025). Recife,
Foster 2429 (R, US). South of Recife, Afogados to Boa Viagem, Baker &
Collins (GH, SP, US).
91. Aechmea cariocae L. B. Smith, p. 13.
Chevalieria comata Mez in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 153. 1896. In part, not
as to basonym.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Vila Nova, Glaziow 15485 (K, US neg. 4193).
Distrito FEepERAL: Andarahi Grande, Glaziou 9327-b (C (F neg. 22327), P);
14337 (P). Corcovado, L. B. Smith 1230 (GH, S).
92. Aechmea castanea L. B. Smith, p. 13, fig. 111.
Espiriro Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 831 (GH, type; US).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—-SMITH 229
30. Quesnelia Gaud.
Quesnelia Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 54. 1842.
Endemic to Brazil. Records from other countries disproved or
highly dubious.
1. Floral bracts subligulate, broadly acute to truncate; inflorescence strobilate,
ellipsoid or cylindric; ovary slightly if at all costate; sepals 8-10 mm. long.
2. Scape-bracts bladeless, entire or nearly so.
3. Upper part of the floral bract uniform and flat; flowers in about 12 ranks.
MEM ec ete sie (6 a,c ocd nee a de etic s Civile Pans 1. Q. arvensis
3. Upper part of the floral bract with broad white lepidote strongly crisped
margins that contrast sharply with the roseate subglabrous flat center ;
MOOS aE FMT, occ co vo wo os Ca aleia aeaaaie 2. Q. quesneliana
2. Scape-bracts with subfoliaceous serrulate blades........... 3. Q. testudo
1. Floral bracts ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate; inflorescence dense
or lax.
4. The floral bracts entire, without distinction between base and blade.
5. Floral bracts dimorphic, the lower large, elliptic, about equaling the
flowers, the upper narrowly triangular, surpassed by the sepals; sepals
20 mm. long; inflorescence dense or subdense.
6. Scape-bracts large, densely imbricate; inflorescence elongate.
4. Q. imbricata
6. Scape-bracts small, barely if at all imbricate ; inflorescence subcorymbi-
Cage: EAN ASO) eS oe ERE ee 5. Q. humilis
5. Floral bracts uniform or the inflorescence lax.
7. Inflorescence dense; sepals obtuse, 10-16 mm. long.
8. Leaves subdensely serrate with spines 4 mm. long; inflorescence
cylindric, 15 cm. long; floral bracts cucullate, subcoriaceous.
GLE Eh Se ae ter d airintslesracaines 6. Q. edmundoi
8. Leaves laxly serrulate; inflorescence fusiform, 6-8 cm. long; floral
bracts straight, membranaceous.
9. Floral bracts in 3-4 ranks, the lowest only equaling the sepals;
scape-bracts more than half as long as the internodes; leaves
rounded and apiculate at least when young..... 7. Q. lateralis
9. Floral bracts in 5-6 ranks, the lowest equaling the petals; scape-
bracts remote; leaves acuminate.......... eee 8. Q. blanda
7. Inflorescence lax.
10. Sepals acute, to 23 mm. long; petals wholly dark blue. (Fig. 114.)
9. Q. liboniana
10. Sepals obtuse, to 17 mm. long; petals green with only the apex blue.
10. Q. morreniana
4. The floral bracts serrate, divided into a reniform base and a distinct nar-
rowly triangular blade.
11. Inflorescence short, dense; sepals to 19 mm. long..... 11. Q. indecora
11. Inflorescence elongate, lax; sepals 22-27 mm. long.
12. Q. augusto-coburgii
230 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
I. Quesnelia arvensis (Vell.) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 381. 1802.
FIGURE 112.
Bromelia arvensis Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 130. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. rr4. 1835.
Quesnelia rufa var. sororocabae Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:
23, pl. 3, fig. 1-8. 1891.
Quesnelia arvensis var. sororocabae Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 172.
1935.
i\\
fh 1 Nil In
Nips vA NO “A
Ni ony G os
‘4 - a
ae
=
PrGleriie Fic. 112.
Fic. 111.—Aechmea castanea: a, Apex of leaf, X %4; 6, inflorescence, X %4;
c, floral bract, X 1; d, sepal, X 1; e, longitudinal section of ovary, X I.
Fic. 112.—Quesnelia arvensis: a, Apex of leaf, X %; b, inflorescence, X 4;
c, floral bract and flower, & 1; d, sepal, X 1; e, petal and stamen, X 1; f, longi-
tudinal section of ovary, X I.
SAo Pauto: Caraguatatuba, Hoehne & Gehrt (GH, SP). Iguapé, Hoehne
(SP). Itanhaém, L. B. Smith 2060 (GH, S). Piacaguera, Hoehne (SP).
Praia Grande, W. Hoehne (SP). Suarado, Praia Grande, Gehrt (GH, SP).
Santos, Hombron (P). Guaruja, Santos, Dusén 14260 (S). Ramal Mairink
to Santos, Lamber (GH, SP). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén 3708 (R, S, type
of Quesnelia rufa var. sororocabae Lindm.). Sao Vicente to Itaipu, L. B.
Smith 2012 (GH).
2. Quesnelia quesneliana (Brongn.) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. 2: 196. 1952.
Billbergia quesneliana Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 15: 371. 1841.
Quesnelia rufa Gaud. Atl. Voy. Bonite pl. 54. 1842.
Quesnelia cayennensis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 85. 1880.
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 231
Quesnelia skinneri E. Morr. ex Harms, Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed.
2; 15a: 152. 1930.
Brazit: Widgren 1251 (S). Cultivated, Hennings (B, F neg. 11330); Hort.
Paris (P, type, GH neg. 2961); Reitz 4794 (HBR).
Espirtro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 312 (GH, R). Vitoria, Foster 182
(GH, R); 796 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Coast, Foster 1152 (GH, US). Magé, Pereira 607 (RB).
Maua, Ule 4044 (R). Mandioca, Serra da Estrella, Glaziow 15480 (P, US).
Surui to Petropolis, Foster 330 (GH, R).
Distrito FepERAL: Gavea, Frazéo (RB). Laranjeiras, Glaziou 18568 (F, P,
US). Restinga de Leblon, Hoehne 125 (R). Recreio dos Bandeirantes,
Lutz 945 (R). Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud 370 (P, type of Quesnelia rufa
Gaud.; GH neg. 2960) ; Reitz 4186 (HBR).
3. Quesnelia testudo Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:24, pl. 3,
figs. 9-19. 1891.
Quesnelia roseo-marginata sensu E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 31: 82, pl. 4. 1881.
Brazi.: Cultivated, Hort. Liége (LG).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 376 (GH) ; Hoehne (GH, SP); L. B. Smith
1840 (B, GH); 1873 (F, GH). Sorocaba, Santos, Mosén 2976 (S, type).
Mun. Sao Paulo: Serra da Cantareira, Loefgren (GH, SP).
SANTA CATARINA: Cultivated in Hort. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Hans
(R).
4. Quesnelia imbricata L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov.
ser. 2:105, pl. 63. 1952.
ParanA: Ponta Grossa, Foster 2527 (US). Mun. Campo Largo: Campo
Largo, Foster 405 (GH, type (US neg. 4211), R, US). Serra Sao Luiz de
Puruna, Hatschbach 1538 (US); 2301 (US); M. Kuhlmann (SP). Mun.
Piraquara: Morro Albino Souza, Hatschbach 1016 (US).
5. Quesnelia humilis Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 386. 1892.
Quesnelia hoehnei L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 95: 43, pl. 10, figs. 3-5.
1931.
Brazit: Glaziou 16434 (B, type, F neg. 11346).
Sio Pauto: Cultivated, M. Kuhlmann (SP); T. Rojas 8839 (US). Alto da
Serra, Foster 350 (GH); 379 (GH, R); Gehrt (GH, SP); Hoehne &
Gehrt (GH, SP, US); J. G. Kuhlmann (RB); L. B. Smith 1887 (GH) ;
1968 (GH, type of Quesnelia hoehnei L. B. Smith). Boracéa, Salesdpolis,
M. Kuhlmann & Kiihn 1762 (SP). Capivari, Edwall (SP). Cubatao,
Goncalves (SP). Ribeirao Pires, Edwall (SP).
6. Quesnelia edmundoi L. B. Smith, p. 34, fig. 113.
Rio vE JANEIRO: Barreiras, Baixada Fluminensis, at the base of the Serra de
Teresdpolis, Pereira & Duarte 1522 (US, type; RB).
7. Quesnelia lateralis Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 149. 1880.
Quesnelia centralis Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 150. 1880.
Billbergia enderi Regel, Gartenflora 35:97, pl. 1217. 1886.
Quesnelia enderi Gravis & Wittm. Gartenflora 37: 195, figs. 41-43. 1888.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgios, Brade 16605 (RB, US) ; Gardner 694 (BM,
K (GH neg. 2714) ) ; Glaziou 2838 (P) ; Ule 4138 (R) ; Wawra II-315 (W,
type) ; II-376 (W, type of Quesnelia centralis Wawra). Petropolis, Glaziou
232 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
16439 (P); 16440 (P). Morro da Bandeira, near Petrdépolis, Glaziou
14336 (P). Teresdpolis, Foster 992 (GH, US). Sete Quedas, Teresdpolis,
Brade 9303 (R).
8. Quesnelia blanda (Schott ex Beer) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 383.
1892.
Bromelia blanda Schott ex Beer, Bromel. 43. 1857.
Quesnelia strobilispica Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 149. 1880.
Fic. 113. Fic. 114.
Fic. 113.—Quesnelia edmundoi: a, Leaf, X %4; b, scape and inflorescence,
X%; ¢, sepal, XI.
Fic. 114.—Quesnelia liboniana: a, Habit (after Botanical Magazine) K 1%;
b, sepal, X 1; c, petal and stamen, X 1; d, longitudinal section of ovary, X I.
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 272 (GH, R, US); 872 (GH). Mun.
Castelo. Braco do Sul, Brade 19157 (RB, US).
Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipd, Foster 617 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Cantagallo, Glaziou 15483 (B, F neg. 11333); Wawra II-273
(W, type of Quesnelia strobilispica Wawra). Rio Paraiba, Glaziou 17820
CP).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cultivated (?), Quinta, Glaziou 16451 (P).
9. Quesnelia liboniana (De Jonghe) Mez, Bot. Archiv. 1:66. 1922. Fic-
URE II4.
Billbergia liboniana De Jonghe, Journ. Hort. Prat. Belg. 9:1, pl. 1. 1851.
BraziL: Saint-Hilaire (P). Morro Huniango, Glaziow 17284 (F). Cultivated,
Barry 15 (BH); Foster 103 (GH); Hennings (US); E. Morren (GH);
Hort. Regimont. (GH) ; Reitz 5653 (HBR).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 233
Bata: Wetherell (! Mez).
Rio vE JANEIRO: Friburgo, J. G. Kuhlmann (RB). Restinga de Maua, Glaziou
8015 (P). Meio da Serra, Smith & Brade 2204 (GH). Petrépolis to Raiz
da Serra, L. B. Smith 1325 (B, GH, S). Correas, Petrépolis, Goés &
Constantino 611 (RB, US). Serra dos Orgaos, Ule (R). Castelo de Agua,
Serra dos Orgaos, Pereira 210 (RB). Teresdpolis, Sampaio 2039 (R);
2308 (R).
Distrito FepERAL: Serra da Carioca, Duarte 150 (RB); L. B. Smith 2151
(GH). Corcovado, Dusén 15403 (S); Glaziou 9325 (P). Paineiras, Corco-
vado, Glaziou 9324 (P). Realengo, Viana Freire 399 (R). Rio de Janeiro,
Reitz 5674 (HBR) ; Schwacke 23 (R). Sao Cristovao, Lindman A-1 (S).
Tijuca, Brade 10412 (R) ; 22128 (R) ; Foster 23-A (GH, R, US) ; Hoehne
(SP, GH neg. 7146) ; Lutz 1451 (R); L. B. Smith 2127 (GH); Ule 4045
(R) ; Weddell 704 (P).
10. Quesnelia morreniana (Baker) Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 176.
1935.
Billbergia morreniana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 74. 1880.
Brazit: Described from living material at Kew. An unpublished plate by
E. Morren at Kew is the only representation of the species now known.
11. Quesnelia indecora Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 384, pl. 74. 1802.
BraziL: Saint-Hilaire B-60 (P, GH neg. 2962) ; Schott 5506 (W, type) ; 5512
(! Mez). Cultivated, Reitz 4795 (HBR).
Minas Gerais: Serra do Caparao, Brade 17125 (RB); Campos Porto 1168
(RB). Ouro Preto, Schwacke 10488 (P). (Teixeira Soares), Sampaio
813 (R, US). Mun. Santa Barbara: Caraga, Foster 682 (GH, US).
12. Quesnelia augusto-coburgii Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 150. 1880.
BraziL: Saint-Hilaire (P).
Minas Gerats: Juiz de Fora, Wawra II-185 (W, type) ; II-196 (! Mez).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade 10079 (R); Foster 120 (GH, R, US). Serra
de José Vaz, near Rezende, Glaziou 7500 (P, GH neg. 2963).
31. Billbergia Thunb.
Billbergia Thunb. Decad. Pl. Brasil. 3:30. 182t.
Southern Mexico to Bolivia and northern Argentina.
It seems probable that in Buillbergia, simple inflorescences have
evolved from compound ones by reduction, and that the spirally re-
curved petals of subgenus Helicodea are an advanced character. The
following species are arranged accordingly. Mez’s subgenus Jonghea
is merged with subgenus Billbergia since its characters are no better
than specific.
1. Petals zygomorphic by position at anthesis and afterward erect and con-
torted ; inflorescence either compound or simple..... Subgenus Billbergia
2. Inflorescence compound with obvious branches, at least at its base.
3. The inflorescence lepidote at least on the bracts or sepals.
4. Ovaries not more than twice as long as the upper floral bracts.
234 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
5. Floral axes glabrous; inflorescence compound nearly to its apex.
1. B. sanderiana
5. Floral axes minutely lepidote; inflorescence compound only near
its base.
6. Upper scape-bracts imbricate; sepals narrowly elliptic; petals
yellow-green except for the blue apex........... 2. B. elegans
6. Upper and lower scape-bracts shorter than the internodes; sepals
broadly elliptic; petals wholly blue........... 3. B. bradeana
4. Ovaries several times as long as the upper floral bracts.
7. Inflorescence subcorymbose with the lower branches elongate; scape-
bracts large, densely imbricate.............+- 4. B. tweedieana
7. Inflorescence longer than broad or the scape-bracts short and lax.
8. Ovaries, axes and sepals densely lepidote.
9. Sepals oblong, four times as long as wide...... 5. B. pohliana
9. Sepals elliptic, twice as long as wide........... 6. B. laxiflora
8. Ovaries and axes sparsely lepidote, sepals soon glabrous.
10. Scape-bracts remote; branches of the inflorescence elongate;
netal-hblades dark: Dluer. oan osc core bs 7. B. reichardtii
10. Scape-bracts imbricate; branches of the inflorescence short;
PCUAIS WHOLIS WPCC an sis svete eo's ba Ue aie vee 8. B. chlorantha
3. Inflorescence completely glabrous.
11. Sepals with a soft setiform apex, oblong, 20-24 mm. long; petal-
blades dark violet; flowers spreading; axes pale when dry; inflores-
cence usually pendulous. (Fig. 115.)............6- 9. B. vittata
11. Sepals acute to emarginate or obtuse and apiculate but not setiform
at the apex, narrowly elliptic, 20-30 mm. long; petal-blades dark
blue or green or the two combined; flowers merely divergent; axes
dark when dry; inflorescence erect.
12. Petal-blades blue at the apex only or wholly green. (Fig. 116.)
10. B. amoena
12. Petal-blades wholly blue... .... 00... 0c0ccese 11. B. buchholtzii
2. Inflorescence simple or pseudosimple with very short one-flowered branches
(distinguished by the apical floral bract).
13. The inflorescence completely glabrous.
14. Flowers sessile or on very short pedicels or branches.
15. Scape erect or ascending; inflorescence truly simple with sessile
flowers.
16. Sepals 20-30 mm. long; inflorescence lax with divergent flowers
in few rows.
17. Petal-blades blue at the apex only or wholly green.
10. B. amoena
17. Petal-blades wholly blue................. 11. B. buchholtzii
16. Sepals 13-15 mm. long; inflorescence dense with subspreading
Aowers Wi Miamy FOWS ks cen Mees Lees 56k re ke 12. B. horrida
15. Scape decurved; inflorescence often pseudosimple with short one-
flowered branches.
18. Floral bracts all large, acuminate. (Fig. 117.)
13. B. iridifolia
18. Floral bracts much reduced toward the apex of the inflorescence.
19. Petals blue at the apex or completely green; leaf-blades to
So mm. wide. (Fig. 118.) .ccsvacanses ... 14. B. distachia
ae
MO... I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 235
19. Petals blue on the margins; leaf-blades 6-17 mm. wide. (Fig.
GEG: Ps Fclsitin oe eae Kckk ud deve Rraielig NN See 15. B. nutans
14. Flowers on long slender pedicels.
20. Petals blue on the margins; upper floral bracts minute; leaf-blades
Gate maa ae. (OM ier TIO.) a os ice acme dawn edac 15. B. nutans
20. Petals blue at the apex only.
21. Upper floral bracts minute. (Fig. 120.)...... 16. B. minarum
21. Upper floral bracts large, acuminate.
22. Sepals acute; leaves concolorous...........see 17. B. lietzei
22. Sepals broadly rounded and minutely apiculate; leaves marked
Ce SG os vie dus aed cba aa eeee 18. B. leptopoda
13. Inflorescence densely lepidote except for the petals.
23. Flowers sessile on the axis or at the ends of very short branches;
sepals 10-18 mm. long.
24. Sepals 10 mm. long; inflorescence 20 cm. or longer, pendent, dense.
19. B. brasiliensis
24. Sepals 12-18 mm. long.
25. Inflorescence erect or suberect, truly simple with sessile suberect
flowers, dense; petals mostly or wholly red. (Fig. 121.)
20. B. pyramidalis
25. Inflorescence pendent, generally pseudosimple at the base with
flowers at the ends of very short branches; petals pale green
below the apex.
26. Lower floral bracts bright red, large, ample, concealing most
of the dense inflorescence; leaves concolorous.
21. B. morelii
26. Lower floral bracts roseate or more often almost white, small,
narrow; leaves banded or spotted. ...... 22. B. euphemiae
23. Flowers on long slender pedicels; sepals 20-35 mm. long.
27. Leaves concolorous; axis of the erect inflorescence stout; sepals
ee-Geistim: longs 3! < sx .ie'seneewid aslo add dare 23. B. macrocalyx
27. Leaves spotted or banded; axis of the inflorescence slender; sepals
20 mm. long.
28. Inflorescence erect; leaves transversely banded. (Fig. 122.)
24. B. fosteriana
28. Inflorescence pendent; leaves spotted........ 25. B. saundersii
1. Petals spirally recurved at anthesis; inflorescence almost always simple;
Hotwers (Resees OE 1: 125.) 02.2. . (esas evigawe ahaa Subgenus Helicodea
29. Sepals narrow, triangular or lance-triangular, more or less acuminate,
11-20 mm. long.
30. Floral bracts all exceeding the ovary, the lowest exceeding the sepals,
ample; sepals 15-20 mm. long......<essscscedccscs 26. B. meyeri
30. Floral bracts shorter than the ovary or the lowest slightly exceeding it;
sepals 11-14 mm. long.
31. Epigynous tube 3-4 times shorter than the ovary; sepals nearly or
quite equal.
32. Inflorescence 3-4 dm. long, lax except near the apex; lower floral
bracts ‘equaling the. OVALY. +o. 060040 av sense 27. B. rupestris
32. Inflorescence not over 15 cm. long including the petals, subdense;
Horal Bracts all minute, saecsinssneeevens 28. B. brachysiphon
236 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
31. Epigynous tube as long as the ovary; sepals subequal.
29. B. oxysepala
29. Sepals broad, oblong, ovate or elliptic, broadly acute to truncate or retuse,
sometimes apiculate, 5-13 mm. long.
33. The sepals deeply retuse and apiculate, essentially tridentate, 11 mm.
long; floral bracts minute; petals green; inflorescence elongate, lax.
30. B. alfonsi-joannis
33. The sepals truncate to acute.
34. Ovary slightly or not at all sulcate, wholly white-farinose.
35. Petal-blades green, strongly spiralled; species of the Amazon Basin.
31. B. decora
35. Petal-blades dark blue, only slightly spiralled, then contorted; spe-
cies Of eastera’ Brazil; 22.0005 0500 cents (19. B. brasiliensis)
34. Ovary sulcate with the ridges glabrous and dark.
36. The ovary broadly turbinate with large protuberances at the apex,
much broader than the epigynous tube at anthesis. (Fig. 123.)
32. B. zebrina
36. The ovary ellipsoid or subcylindric, lacking protuberances, slightly
if at all wider than the epigynous tube at anthesis.
37. Floral bracts well developed, the lowest resembling the scape-
bracts it Size aiid Shapes: hs. 33. B. magnifica
37. Floral bracts all much reduced or even lacking.
38. Axis of the inflorescence farinose or flocculose at anthesis;
sepals 5-10 mm. long.
39. Petals wholly green; scape and floral axis slender.
34. B. porteana
39. Petals violet or blue, at least apically.
40. Sepals broadly rounded and apiculate; floral axis stout.
35. B. cylindrostachya
40. Sepals acute; floral axis slender..... 36. B. kuhlmannii
38. Axis of the inflorescence glabrous at anthesis; sepals 8-13 mm.
long; petals green with blue apices....... 37. B. rubicunda
Subgenus Billbergia
1. Billbergia sanderiana E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 34:17, pls. r, 2. 1884.
Billbergia amoena sensu L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo
nov. ser. I: fl. 102. 1043.
Brazit: Cultivated, Glaziou 15477 (P); Hort. Liége (GH); Sander 1 (LG,
type).
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 305 (GH, US).
Minas Gerats: Handro (SP, US); Hoehne (SP). Serra de Rola Moga, near
Belo Horizonte, Foster 526 (GH).
Rio pE JANErRO: Serra de Nova Friburgo, Glaziow 2731 (P). Teresdpolis,
Bessa & Sampaio 2696 (R).
Distrito FEpERAL: Cultivated (?), Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 16430 (K, GH
neg. 2720).
2. Billbergia elegans Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1265. 1830.
Minas Gerais: Itabira, Weddell (P). Serra de Caraga, Saint-Hilaire (P).
Pico de Itacolomi, near Vila Rica, Martius (M, type); Sellow 79 (P);
1099 (B, F neg. 11338). Ouro Preto, Glaziou 12229 (P). Mun. Nova Lima:
Serra da Mutuca, Williams 5615 (GH) ; 5622 (GH).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 237
‘e Billbergia bradeana L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 10: 143,
fig. 3. 1950.
Espiriro SANto: Mun. Castelo: Forno Grande, Brade 19720 (US, type (US
neg. 3518, 3519), RB).
4. Billbergia tweedieana Baker, Handb. Bromel. 73. 1880.
1. Sepals broadly rounded or subtruncate.
2. Sepals 16-20 mm. long, three times as long as wide; plant to 2 m. high.
Var. a. tweedieana
2. Sepals not over 13 mm. long, about twice as long as wide.
Var. b. latisepala
1. Sepals acute, 24 mm. long; plant small.............ccccsees Var. c. minor
4a. Billbergia tweedieana var. tweedieana
BraziL: Cultivated, Ule (R).
Espirito SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 183 (GH); 868 (GH, US).
Distrito FEDERAL: Rio de Janeiro, Tweedie 1313 (K, type, GH neg. 2719).
4b. Billbergia tweedieana var. latisepala L. B. Smith, p. 22.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Cantagallo, Glaziou 15476 (GH, type (US neg. 4215), P).
4c. Billbergia tweedieana var. minor L. B. Smith, p. 22.
Espiriro Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 277 (GH, type (US neg. 4216), R).
5. Billbergia pohliana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 403, pl. 78. 1802.
Brazit: Pohl 5508 (W, type).
Minas Gerais: Coronel Pacheco, Heringer (SP, US neg. 4253).
6. Billbergia laxiflora L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 10: 145,
fig. 5. 1950.
Espirito Santo: Mun. Castelo: Braco do Sul, Brade 19174 (RB, type, US
neg. 3258).
7. Billbergia reichardtii Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 115. 1880.
Espirito SANTO: Guiomar, Foster 941 (GH).
Minas Gerais: Juiz de Fora, Wawra II-197 (W, type). Juiz de Fora to
Serra de Mantiqueira, Warming 2172 (C, F neg. 22320).
8. Billbergia chlorantha L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 154: 32, pl. 3,
figs. 3-6. 1945.
EspPiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 287 (GH, type, US neg. 4059).
9. Billbergia vittata Brongn. ex Morel, Portef. Hort. 2:353, pl. 1848.
FIGURE II5.
Billbergia zonata Hort. Makoy Catal. 1850.
Brazit: Cultivated, Morel (P, type, GH neg. 2940) ; Regel (GH).
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 249 (GH).
Minas Gerats: Belo Horizonte, Foster 1217 (GH, US). Serra do Cipé, near
Belo Horizonte, Foster 643 (GH); 1218 (GH). Santa Luzia, Serra do
Cipd, Sampaio 6905 (R). Mun. Caete: Serra de Piedade, Foster 574 (GH).
Mun. Conceicéo: Serra do Cipd, Foster 644 (GH, US). Mun. Jabotica-
tubas: Palacio, Serra do Cipd, Smith & Mus. R 6753 (US); 6754 (US).
Mun. Nova Lima: Lagoa Grande, Serra de Mutuca, Williams & Assis
5786 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Foster 125 (GH).
238 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Distrito FEDERAL: Cultivated (?), Quinta, Glaziou 16424 (P). Rio de Janeiro,
Glaziou 14339 (K, GH neg. 2718).
10. Billbergia amoena (Lodd.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: sub pl. 1068. 1827.
1. Sepals green except for the dark blue apex.
2. Petals dark blue at apex, elsewhere green............. Var. a. amoena
2. Petals wholly Sreeil voc ccc cc ete eees cess cca eteekeas Var. b. viridis
ts Sepals red’ towatd apes’ Oe. Phe Sos OS AE Var. c. minor
10a. Billbergia amoena var. amoena. FicurRe 116.
Tillandsia amoena Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1: pl. 76. Oct. 1818.
Bromelia pallida Ker, Bot. Reg. 4: pl. 344. Dec. 1818.
Tillandsia variegata Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 134. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 132.
1835.
Billbergia pallida Beer, Bromel. 121. 1857.
Billbergia pallescens C. Koch & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1856,
App.: 5. 1857.
Billbergia speciosa sensu Baker, Handb. Bromel. 73. 1889. Not Thunb.
1821.
Billbergia wiotiana De Jonghe ex Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. 14: 241. 1916.
Billbergia wacketii Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. 16:7. 1919.
BrazIL: Saint-Hilaire 149 (P) ; Sellow bromel. 34 (P). Praia de Fora, Glaziou
13254 (P). Cultivated, Hort. Liége (LG); Lindley (CGE); Lindman
A-5 (S); Platzmann (B, Billbergia wiotiana De Jonghe, F neg. 11345) ;
Hort. Regimont. (GH, isotype of Billbergia wacketii Mez); Ule (R).
Bafa: Iturassu to Jequié, Foster 2447 in part (US).
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 1219 (GH); 1220 (GH). Vitoria,
Foster 189 (GH, US); 190 (R); 199 (GH, R); 876 (GH). Mun.
Cachoeiro de Itapemirim: Vargem Alta, Morro do Sal, Brade 19321 (RB,
LS).
Minas Gerais: Catas Altas, Saint-Hilaire C-270 (P). Serra do Cipd, Foster
606 (GH). Km. 148, Serra do Cipd, Melo Barreto 8324 (R). Serra de
Ouro Preto, Ule (R). Mun. Santa Barbara: Caraga, Foster 683 (GH).
Gords: Serra Geral, eastern Goias, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Rio dE JANEIRO: Ariré, Glaziou 2733 (P). Barra de Sao José to Campos
Novos, Pereira & Araujo 508 (RB). Cantagallo, Glaziow 15478 (P);
16435 (P). Itatiaia, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Niteroi, Smith & Brade 2349
(B, F, GH, S). Serra dos Orgiaos, Luetzelburg (! Mez). Petropolis, Foster
332 (GH, US). Teresdpolis, Foster 975 (GH, US). Guarani, Teresdpolis,
Brade 9581 (R). Mun. Cabo Frio: Praia do Pontal, Smith & Mus. R
6596 (US).
Distrito FepeRAL: Campo Grande, Lutz (R). Quinta da Boa Vista, Glaziou
14335 (P, US). Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Emygdio 496 (R); Lutz 617
(GH, US); 902 in part (R). Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud 3648 (P) ; 3644
(P); Reitz 4027 in part (HBR). Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 16433 (P).
Tijuca, Ule 4177 (R). Praia de Sernambetiba, L. B. Smith & Mus. R 6822
(US).
Sho Pauto: Alto da Serra, Foster 361 (GH); Gehrt (SP, GH neg. 7150) ;
Hoehne (SP). Bertioga, Santos, Hoehne & Gehrt (GH, SP). Boracéa,
Blanco (GH, IAC). Jaragudé, Gehrt (SP). Patrimonio, Kuhlmann &
Kiihn (SP). Pindamonhangaba, Aragdo in Reitz 4045 (HBR). Santos,
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 239
Everett (GH). Iguapé, Santos, Hoehne (SP, GH neg 7147). Rio Tijuco,
Foster 463 (GH, US). Tremembé, Doering (SP). Una, Foster 386
(GH, R).
ParanA: Caioba, Foster 442 (GH, R). Morro Tagua, Caioba, Stellfeld &
Freitas 539 (Paran.). Desvio Ipiranga, Serra do Mar, Dusén 8224 (S,
US). Paranagua, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Serra da Prata, Dusén 15305
(GH, S); 17053 (S).
Fic. 116.
Fic. 115.—Billbergia vittata: a, Section of leaf, X %; b, branch of inflorescence,
X %; ¢, flower, X 1. (All after Belgique Horticole.)
Fic. 116.—Billbergia amoena var. amoena: a, Upper habit (after Botanical
Cabinet) X14; b, sepal, X 1; c, base of petal, x 2,
SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, Reitz 4064 (HBR); Schwacke 56 (R). Mun.
Brusque: Azambuja, Reitz 1803 (HBR, US). Brusque, Reitz 4022
(HBR); 4032 (HBR). Ribeirao do Ouro, Reitz 3558 (HBR); 4033
(HBR). Mun. Jaragua do Sul: Corupa, Reitz 4036 (HBR). Mun. Sao
Francisco do Sul: Sao Joao, Hatschbach 2771 (US).
tob. Billbergia amoena var. viridis L. B. Smith, p. 20.
Espiriro Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 246 (GH, type; US).
toc. Billbergia amoena var. minor (Antoine & Beer ex Beer) L. B. Smith,
Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 104. 1943.
Billbergia speciosa Thunb. Dec. Pl. Brasil. 3:30, pl. 1821.
Billbergia pyramidalis var. minor Antoine & Beer ex Beer, Bromel. 108.
1857.
240 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Billbergia variegata sensu E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 31:73. 1881. Not
Schult. 1830.
Billbergia thunbergiana Hort. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 73. 1880.
Billbergia binotii Gerard, Journ. Soc. Hort. Rhone for 1896: 1. 1806.
BraziL: Cultivated, Foster (US).
Minas Gerats: Pico da Piedade near Belo Horizonte, Foster 575 (GH, US
neg. 4058).
11. Billbergia buchholtzii Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:7. 1919.
BraziL: Cultivated, Atkinson 44 (US); Missouri Bot. Gard. (GH); New
York Bot. Gard. (US); Strauss (B, type; F neg. 11335).
12. Billbergia horrida Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. for 1856: 17. 1857.
Billbergia horrida var. tigrina Hort. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 73. 18809.
Brazit: Cultivated, New York Bot. Gard. (US).
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 253 (GH); 286 (GH).
Minas Gerais: Dist. Ilheu, Mexia 4967 (GH, US). Juiz de Fora, Hoehne
26 (SP).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Serra de Estrella, Brade & Kuhlmann 13106 (RB).
Distrito FEpERAL: Corcovado, Glaziou 12224 (P). Furnas, Brade & Duarte
18587 (RB). Cultivated (?), Quinta, Glaziow 16425 (P). Cultivated (?),
Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 15479 (F).
13. Billbergia iridifolia (Nees & Mart.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1068. 1827.
1. Petals blue at apex, elsewhere pale yellow............... Var. a. iridifolia
1. Petals: wholly.palepyewick finn adn bh sive siren datnaivicuus see Var. b. concolor
13a. Billbergia iridifolia var. iridifolia. Figure 117.
Bromelia iridifolia Nees & Mart. Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Carol. 11:16.
1823.
Brazit: Freyreis (S).
Baia: Conquista, southwestern Baia, Torrend (FF Bahia). Felisberto, near
Ilheus, Wied-Neuwied (BR, type, GH neg. 2797).
Espirito Santo: Serra da Caparao, Mexia 4046 (GH, UC). Linhares, Foster
776 (GH). Reeve, Vidal 3 (R). Mun. Collatina: Monte Claro, Foster
215 (GH, US).
Minas Gerats: Fazenda da Tabunha, Dist. Ilheu, Mexia 4975-2 (UC);
4978-a (GH); 4998-a (GH). Mun. Guanhaes: Jacu, Melo Barreto 2105
(R).
Rio pE JANEIRO: Cabo Frio, Brade 12765 (GH, RB). Campos, Sampaio 8359
(R). Cantagallo, Glaziou 15475 (US). Serra da Estrella, Glaziou 16432
(F). Imbui, Niteroi, Brade 11057 (GH, R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Serra da Carioca, Pereira 14 (RB). Gavea, Wittig in
Glaziou 12228 (P, US). Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 16431 (P).
13b. Billbergia iridifolia var. concolor L. B. Smith, p. 21.
Espiriro SANTO: Itapemirim, Foster 160 (GH, type, US neg. 4275). Vitdria,
Foster 873 (GH, US).
14. Billbergia distachia (Vell.) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:417. 1802.
As “distacaia.”
1. Leaves concolorous.
2. Sepals blue at the apex.
Ba Petals Pite at Sie Anem, ... sisc-s:s salesmen dase alee ats s etamaars Var. a. distachia
S. MPetals. WHOMY STORE. Dio wncmenea cemet eae ter ines Var. b. straussiana
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 241
2..sepals and petale wholly .greetia. . oo0ciis ociececnaidess Var. c. concolor
Dey LRAVES MAVOUS-SHOLIEG, «- acta ae roe sin cc os oo eu cee viene weaities Var. d. maculata
14a. Billbergia distachia var. distachia. Ficure 118.
Tillandsia distachia Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 136. 1825.
Tillandsia distaceia Vell. Fl. Fluminensis Icon. 3: pl. 141. 1835.
Billbergia ensifolia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 74. 1880.
Billbergia burchellii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 76. 1880.
Fic. 117. Fic. 118.
Fic. 117.—Billbergia iridifolia var. iridifolia: a, Apex of leaf, X14; b, inflo-
rescence (after Sertum Botanicum), & %; c, sepal, «1.
Fic. 118.—Billbergia distachia var. distachia: a, Apex of leaf, X%4;
b, inflorescence, & 4.
Billbergia bakeri sensu Lindm. Svensk, Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8: 34,
bl. 8, figs. 47-50. 1891.
Billbergia caespitosa Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8: 35, pl. 8,
figs. 41-46. 1891.
? Billbergia regeliana Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 14: 243. 1016.
BraziL: Sellow bromel. 4 (US); 78 (P); 81 (P); Widgren (S). Rio de
Janeiro or Minas Gerais, Glaziou 16437 (B, isotype of Billbergia ensifolia
Baker, F neg. 11337). Ruiz Jordao near Rio Gelado, Glaziou 13255 (P).
Cultivated, Hort. Regimont (GH); Strauss (B, F neg. 11342); Ule 546
(R).
Minas Gerais: Caldas, Lindberg in Regnell 564 (S); Mosén 757 (S) ; Regnell
I-438 1/2 (S, US). Palmira, Brade 15920 (RB).
Rio bE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Brade 10078 (R) ; Dusén 721 (R) ; 724 (R); Foster
136 (GH, R); Rose & Russell 20587 (US); L. B. Smith 1628 (GH).
242 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Distrito FepeRAL: Barra da Tijuca, Reitz 4755 (! Reitz). Sao Cristovao,
Glaziou 12227 (P).
SKko Pauto: Serra da Bocaina, Duarte & Brade 21196 (RB). Campinas,
Mosén 3030 (S); Novaes 1207 (US); Viegas (SP); Zagatto (IAC).
Campos do Jordao, Campos Porto 3362 (RB) ; Eugenio 3506 (GH) ; Hoehne
(SP). Serra da Caracol, Mosén 1728 (S). Cotia to Una, M. Kuhlmann
(GH, SP). Fonte Sanatoria, Foster 389 (GH). Itapira, Hoehne (GH,
SP). Limeira, Santos Pires (SP). Monte Alegre do Sul, Kuhlmann &
Kiihn 1813 (SP). Taubaté, Loefgren & Edwall (GH, SP). Una, Foster
388 (GH). Mun. Amparo: Monte Alegre, M. Kuhlmann 512 (SP). Mun,
Oleo: Edwall (SP). Mun. Sao Paulo: Butanta, Hoehne (GH, SP).
Observatorio, Foster 351 (GH, R). Orchidario, Foster 341 (R). Santo
Amaro, Krieger 180 (SP). Sao Paulo, Edwall (SP); Foster 1130 (GH).
ParaNnA: Carvalho, Dusén 12188 (S). Curitiba, Foster 458 (GH, R); 460
(GH); M. Kuhlmann (SP, US). Jaguariaiva, Dusén (S); 10056 (S,
US). Pinhaes, Dusén (S, US). Mun. Piraquara: Pinhal, Hatschbach
1443 (US).
SANTA CATARINA: Ribeirdo Grande, Taid, Reitz 4034 (HBR); 4060 (HBR).
Mun. Biguaci: Fachinal, Reitz 4096 (HBR).
14b. Billbergia distachia var. straussiana (Wittm.) L. B. Smith, Anais Bot.
Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues 2:13. 1950.
Billbergia pallescens sensu Baker, Bot. Mag. 104: pl. 6342. 1878,
Billbergia bakeri E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 30: 166, pl. 8. 1880.
Billbergia bakeri var. straussiana Wittm. Gartenzeit. 4: 487. 1885.
BraziL: Cultivated, E. Morren (LG); Hort. Regimont. (GH).
SAo Pauto: Braganca, Duarte (SP).
ParaNnA: Guaratuba, Inst. Malariologia in Reitz 35904 (HBR).
Santa CATARINA: Mun. Araquari: Barra do Sul, Reitz & Klein 780 (HBR,
US). Inferninhos, Reitz 4035 (HBR). Mun. Porto Belo: Canto Grande,
Reitz 3626 in part (HBR) ; 3705-a (HBR) ; 4039 (HBR).
14¢. Billbergia distachia var. concolor Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa
Rodrigues 4:33. 10952.
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Biguactt: Fachinal, Reitz 4152 (HBR, type). Mun.
Palhoga: Anitapolis, Reitz 4535 (HBR).
14d. Billbergia distachia var. maculata Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa
Rodrigues 4:33. 1952.
Santa Catarina: Mun. Porto Belo: Canto Grande, Reitz 4763 (HBR, type).
15. Billbergia nutans H. Wendland ex Regel, Gartenflora 18: 162, pl. 677.
1860.
1. Leaves serrulate; petals green at extreme apex........... Var. a. nutans
1. Leaves entire; petals blue at apex as well as margins.
Var. b. schimperiana
15a. Billbergia nutans var. nutans. FicuReE 1109.
Billbergia linearifolia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 72. 1889.
Billbergia bonplandiana Gaud. ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 421,
pl. 76. 1892.
? Billbergia minuta Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. 14: 244. 1916.
Brazit: Sellow bromel. 60 (P); bromel. 77 (P); 4001 (B, F neg. 11334).
Cultivated, Regimont. (GH); Vratislaw (GH).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 243
DistRITO FEDERAL: Cultivated (?), Quinta, Glaziou 16436 (P). Cultivated (?),
Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 11678 (P).
ParanA: Tessmann (US). Alto da Serra, Foster 408 (GH). Castro, Socavao,
Stellfeld (Paran). Curitiba, Foster 461 (GH, R). Iguacu, J. G. Kuhlmann
(RB). Jaguariaiva, Dusén 15196 (GH, S); 16733 (S). Pato Branco, Reitz
4694 (! Reitz). Pinhaes, Dusén 17605 (GH, S). Rio Negro, Dusén 6968
(S); Hoehne (SP). Tibagi, Reiss 58 (GH, US). Vila Velha, Foster
423 (GH).
A Lee
SAW
Cc
Fic. 1109. Fic. 120.
Fic. 119.—Billbergia nutans var. nutans: a, Scape and inflorescence, K %4;
b, sepal, & 1; c, petal and stamen, X I.
Fic. 120.—Billbergia minarum: a, Leaf-blade, X %; b, inflorescence (after
M. B. Foster) * %; c, sepal, X1; d, petal and stamen, <1; e, longitudinal
section of ovary, X I.
Santa Catarina: Mun. Chapecd: Itapiranga, Reitz 4156 (HBR).
Rio GRANDE po SuL: Kapesberg, near Montenegro, Rambo (LIL, US). Nova
Wurtemburg, Bornmueller 564 (GH). Pareci Novo, Sehnem 1548 (LIL).
Reutersberg, Dois Irmaos, Rambo (IAN). Santo Angelo, Lindman A-1087
(S). Sao Salvador, Eugenio (GH) ; Sehnem 2068 (LIL). Silveira Mar-
tins, Lindman A-1381 (S); A-1393 (S).
Atso: Urucuay, Paracuay, ARGENTINA.
15b. Billbergia nutans var. schimperiana (Wittm. ex Baker) Mez in DC.
Monogr. Phan. 9: 328. 1806.
Billbergia schimperiana Wittm. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 79. 1880.
Billbergia nutans var. schimperiana forma rupestris Hassler, Ann. Con-
serv. & Jard. Bot. Genéve 20: 297. 1919.
244 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Santa CATARINA: Corupa, Reitz 4756 (! Reitz); Reitz & Klein 800 (HBR,
US); Seidel 4042 (HBR).
Atso: PARAGUAY.
16. Billbergia minarum L. B. Smith, p. 22, fig. 120.
Minas Gerats: Gobernador Valadores, Figueiro, Rio Doce, Foster 766 (GH,
type, US neg. 4056).
17. Billbergia lietzei E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 31: 97, pls. 5-7. 1881.
BraziL: Cultivated, Lietze 6 (LG, type).
18. Billbergia leptopoda L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 154: 33, pl. 3,
figs. 7, 8. 1045.
BraziL: Cultivated, Foster (US).
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 304 (GH).
Minas Gerais: Gobernador Valadores, Figueira, Rio Doce, Foster 765 (GH,
type, US neg. 4060).
19. Billbergia brasiliensis L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo
nov. ser. 1: 105. 1943.
Billbergia leopoldi Linden ex Houllet, Rev. Hortic. 41: 87, fig. 21. 1860.
Not C. Koch. 1857.
Distrito FeperaAL: Tijuca, Glaziou 16421 (K, GH neg. 2717).
20. Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: sub pl. 1068. 1827.
1. Petals blue toward apex, red elsewhere............... Var. a. pyramidalis
BE Petals/ red Maro hottie... 6 ices 20:06 «cc pcs an oe Lares Var. b. concolor
20a. Billbergia pyramidalis var. pyramidalis. FicuRE 121.
Bromelia pyramidalis Sims, Bot. Mag. 42: pl. 1732. 1815.
Billbergia pyramidalis var. bicolor Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1181. 1828.
Billbergia thyrsoidea Mart. ex Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1260, 1830.
Billbergia longifolia C. Koch & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1856,
App.: 5. 1857.
Billbergia thyrsoidea var. “B.” longifolia Baker, Handb. Bromel. 71. 1889.
Brazit: Blanchet (G); Widgren 1015 (S). Cultivated, Lindman A-25 (S);
Rosa (R).
Baia: Serra das Almas, central Baia, Lwetzelburg (! Mez). Santa Amaro,
eastern Baia, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Rio p—E JANEIRO: Frade de Macaé, Brade 15836 (RB). Itatiaia, Luetzelburg
(! Mez). Niteroi, Foster 1034 (GH). Serra dos Orgaos, Brade 12083
(GH, R); Luetzelburg (! Mez); Ule (R). Pico Magestoso, Serra dos
Orgaos, Pereira 255 (RB). Petropolis, Diogo 431 (R); Sampaio 7792
(R). Serra da Estrela, Petropolis, Diogo 4908 (R). Old road below Pe-
trépolis, Smith & Mus. R 6495 (US). (Represa Sao Pedro), Brade 10825
(R). Surui, Foster 20-A (GH, R). Teresdpolis, Brade 9681 (R) ; Sampaio
1710 (R); 2004 (R). Uba, Saint-Hilaire A2-546 (P).
Distrito FeperaAL: Corcovado, Apparicio & Rizzini 3 (RB); Glaziou 2729
(P). Pedra Dois Irmaos, L. B. Smith 2146 (B, BA, BM, F, GH, K, P,
S, US). Engenho Novo, Glaziou 11690 (F). Realengo, Freire 402 (R);
403 (R). Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud (P); Glaziou 12226 (P); Regnell
21t-a (S); 211-b (S); Reitz 4026 (HBR) ; 4475 (HBR) ; Wilkes Expedi-
tion (GH). Tijuca, Glaziow 3128 (P); Hoehne 175 (GH, SP). Barra da
Tijuca, Brade 15483 (RB).
No. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—-SMITH 245
2o0b. Billbergia pyramidalis var. concolor L. B. Smith, Bromel. Soc. Bull.
4:6. 1054.
Billbergia thyrsoidea sensu Lindl. Paxton Fl. Gard. 3: pl. 74. 1852-53.
Not Mart. 1830.
Billbergia paxtonit Beer, Bromel. 113. 1857.
Brazit: Cultivated, Barry (GH, type, US neg. 4062).
Fic. 121. Pic: 122:
Fic. 121.—Billbergia pyramidalis var. pyramidalis: a, Inflorescence (After
Botanical Magazine), * %4; b, sepal, 1; ¢, petal and stamen, 1; d, longi-
tudinal section of ovary, X 1.
Fic. 122.—Billbergia fosteriana: a, Leaf-blade, * %; b, inflorescence, X %;
c, sepal, X %; d, petal and stamen, X %; e, base of petal, X2. (All after
M. B. Foster.)
21. Billbergia morelii Brongn. Portef. Hort. 2:97, pl. 1848.
PeRNAMBUCO: Tapera, Pickel 931 (IPA).
Baia: Foster 2448 (US). Cultivated, Porte (P, type, GH neg. 2941). Rio
Grungogi, Curran 127 (US).
Espfriro Santo: Mun. Cachoeiro de Itapemirim: Vargem Alta, Brade 19964
(RB, US). Mun. Castelo: Brago do Sul, Brade 19202 (RB).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Cantagallo, Peckolt (BR, GH neg. 2796).
Distrito FEDERAL: Cultivated, Quinta da Boa Vista, Glaziou 16438 (P).
SAo Pauto: Alto da Serra, Handro (SP, GH neg. 3374).
22. Billbergia euphemiae E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 22: 11, pls. 1, 2. 1872.
1. Leaves with pale cross-bands or nearly concolorous.
2. Inflorescence lax or sublax; axis geniculate; lower floral bracts like the
BRAN ay eri sdee: «wim v4. «,alin/a: 0 Maye a aster sox siateloiaiiate Var. a. euphemiae
246 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
2. Inflorescence subdense; axis nearly straight; floral bracts all minute or
only the lowest 1ATRGN AG ise c ck radvcovatwaeeessanene Var. b. nudiflora
1. Leaves pale-spotted but not banded.............00+- Var. c. saundersioides
22a. Billbergia euphemiae var. euphemiae
Brazit: Cultivated, Atkinson 22 (BH); Barry (GH); Hort. Liége (LG,
? type); Ule (R).
Espirito Santo: Cobica, Foster 895 (GH). Collatina, Monte Claro, Foster
231 (GH). Estrada da Colonia, 61 km. from Collatina, J. G. Kuhlmann
311 (RB). Domingos Martins, Foster 238 (GH). Santa Teresa, Foster 250
(GH). Vitéria, Foster 184 (GH, R, US). Mun. Cachoeiro de Itapemirim:
Pedra Branca, Brade 19381 (RB). Vargem Alta, Corrego d’Ouro, Brade
19409 (RB). Mun. Castelo: Forno Grande, Brade 19232 (RB, US).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Campos, Sampaio 8561 (R). Sertaéo de Cacimbas, right bank
of Rio Ita, Sampaio 1004 (R).
22b. Billbergia euphemiae var. nudiflora L. B. Smith, p. 20.
Espirito Santo: Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Foster 969 (GH, US). Itapemirim,
Foster 159 (GH, type; R). Monte Claro, Collatina, Foster 217 (GH, US).
Minas Gerats: Coronel Pacheco, Heringer 1159 (SP).
22c. Billbergia euphemiae var. saundersioides L. B. Smith, p. 21.
Bafa: Jequié, Foster 2458 (US). Maracas, Foster 2470 (US, type).
23. Billbergia macrocalyx Hook. Bot. Mag. 85: pl. 5114. 1850.
Billbergia quintusiana Wittm. Gartenflora 39: 202, fig. 49. 1890.
BraziL: Cultivated, Cutak (GH).
Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Foster 542 (GH, (US neg. 4057), US).
24. Billbergia fosteriana L. B. Smith, p. 21, fig. 122.
Bafa: Maracas, Foster 2447 in part (US, type).
25. Billbergia saundersii Hort. Bull. ex Dombrain, Floral Mag. new ser.
pl. 106. 1874.
Billbergia saundersii Hort. Bull. ex C. Koch, Wochenschr. 12: 116, 1869,
nomen.
BraziL: Cultivated, Atkinson (GH); Cutak (US).
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 48 (GH (US neg. 4061), R).
Subgenus Helicodea (Lem.) Baker
26. Billbergia meyeri Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30: 148. 1002.
Billbergia leucantha Hoehne in Comm. Linh, Telegr. Estrat. Matto-Grosso
{[Publ. 47], Annexo 5, Bot. pt. 9:8, pl. 160. 1919.
Minas Gerais: Mun. Ituiutaba: Cachoeira Dourada, Macedo 3223 (US).
Maro Grosso: Buritizinho, near Serra Itapirapua, Lindman A-2919 (S). Rio
Coxim, Hoehne in Rondon 3554 (R, type of Billbergia leucantha Hoehne) ;
3555 (R). Mato do Curupira, Lindman A-3043 1/2 (S). Upper Rio
Kuliseu, Pilger 705 (B, type, F neg. 11340). Palmeiras, Lindman A-25903
(S).
SAo Pauto: Itapura, Rio Tieté, Foster 1102 (GH, US).
27. Billbergia rupestris L. B. Smith, Caldasia [1], No. 5:6, fig. 1. 1942.
Acre: Rio Macaua on the Rio Iaco, basin of the Rio Purus, Krukoff 5647
(GH, NY).
Aso: COLOMBIA.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 247
28. Billbergia brachysiphon L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro
10: 142, fig. 2. 1950.
Maro Grosso: Papagaios, Upper Rio Jamari, J. G. Kuhlmann (US, type (US
neg. 3513), R, RB).
29. Billbergia oxysepala Mez, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 621. 1904.
Billbergia oxypetala Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 137. 1907.
Acre: Rio Tejo on upper Rio Jurua, Ule 40-b (B, type, F neg. 11341).
30. Billbergia alfonsi-joannis Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. Barbosa Rodrigues
4:31, pl. 9. 1952.
Santa CatTarINa: Serra do Mirador, Ribeirdo Grande, Taid, Reitz 4674
(HBR, type).
31. Billbergia decora Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 42, pl. 157. 1838.
Billbergia baraquiniana Lem. Ill. Hortic. 11: pl. 427. 1864.
Billbergia boliviensis Baker, Handb. Bromel. 81. 1880.
ParA: Cultivated material described as Billbergia baraquiniana Lem. No
herbarium material from Brazil known.
Aso: Pert, Bortvra.
32. Billbergia zebrina (Herb.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: sub pl. 1068. 1827.
FIGURE 123.
Bromelia sebrina Herb. Bot. Mag. 53: pl. 2686. 1826.
Billbergia canterae André, Rev. Hortic. 69: 60, pl. 1897.
Brazit: Freyreis (S); Saint-Hilaire A1-143 in part (P); C?-60 (P). Culti-
vated, Bretton (K, GH neg. 2716) ; Lindman A-3 (S).
Minas Gerais: Contendas, Saint-Hilaire (P).
Rio pe JANErRO: Niteroi, Foster 104 (GH).
Distrito FepeRAL: Corcovado, Dusén 17059 (SP). Gavea, Freire & Vidal (R).
Quinta, Glaziou 16428 (P). Rio de Janeiro, Gaudichaud 363 (P); Glaziou
8020 (P); Regnell 210 (S). Tijuca, Foster 323 (GH); Lutz 1446 (R);
Mosén 4663 (S); Smith & Brade 2240 (GH).
SAo Pauto: Apiai, Rio Tijuco, M. Kuhlmann (SP). Canna Verde to Retiro de
Lagem, Regnell III-1256 (S). Lorena, Delfarge (RB). Mogi-Mirim,
Mosén 1730 (S). Monte Japui, Sao Vicente, L. B. Smith 2101 (GH).
Sao Joao de Boa Vista, Mosén 4430 (S). Mun. Amparo: Monte Alegre,
Kuhlmann & Kiihn 408 (SP).
ParaNnA: Mun. Curitiba: Rio Tijuca, Foster 401 (GH).
SANTA CATARINA: Mun, Ararangua: Jundia, Reits C-437 (GH, HBR). Mun.
Chapecé: Itapiranga, Reitz 3824 (HBR). Mun. Jaraguaé do Sul: Corupa,
Reitz 5708 (! Reitz). Mun. Palhoga: Campo do Massiambt, Reitz 5663
(! Reitz).
Rio GRANDE po Sut: Hamburger Berg, Lindman A-663 (S). Sido Leopoldo,
Eugenio 313 (SP); 2046 (GH).
33. Billbergia magnifica Mez, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 133. 1903.
Espiriro SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 834 (US).
ParanA: Bocaiuva do Sul, Hatschbach 1610 (US). Jaguariaiva, Dusén 10780
(GH, S,.UWS).: tisor (GH, S) 3.15612 (GH,.S, US),
Aso: PARAGUAY.
34. Billbergia porteana Brongn. ex Beer, Bromel. 115. 1857.
Brazit: Saint-Hilaire B1-939 (P); Sellow bromel. 39 (P). Central Brazil,
Weddell 2518 (P). Rio or Sao Paulo, Weir (K, GH neg. 2715).
248 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Prauf: Upper Rio Gurgueia, southern Piaui, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
CearA: Serra do Araripe, southern Ceara, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Bafa: Jocobina, Foster 85 (GH, R). Jequié, Zehntner 638 (RB). Santo
Amaro, eastern Baia, Luetzselburg (! Mez).
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 285 (GH).
Minas GERAIS: Claussen 150 (P). Belo Horizonte, Gehrt (SP); Melo
Barreto 4126 (R); Sampaio 7245 (R). Serra da Rola Moga, Belo Hori-
zonte, Foster 550 (GH). Km. 110 from Belo Horizonte, Lagoa Santa to
Serra do Cipd, Chase 9101 1/2 (US). Caxambt, Sampaio 6042 (R). Con-
tendas, Saint-Hilaire A1-143 in part (P). Fazenda do Diamante, Correo
Manuel Agustin, Mexia 5563 (GH, US). Ouro Preto, Glaziou 16426 (P).
Papagaios to Pompéo, Williams & Coadman 8103 (GH).
35. Billbergia cylindrostachya Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 305. 18092.
? Billbergia maxima Ch. Chevalier, Bull. Soc. Nat. d’Hort. France V.
4:209. I03I.
DistRiTO FEDERAL: Cultivated (?), Sao Cristovao, Glaziou 16427 (B, type,
F neg. 11336).
36. Billbergia kuhImannii L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro
10: 144, fig. 4. 1950.
Marto Grosso: Foster 1091 (GH); J. G. Kuhlmann (RB, type, US neg. 3265).
37. Billbergia rubicunda Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 14: 244. 1916.
Brazit: Cultivated in Vienna, Schoenbrunn Bot. Gard. (GH, US neg. 4063).
32. Neoglaziovia Mez
Neoglaziovia Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 426. 1804.
Endemic to northeastern Brazil.
1. Leaf-blades glabrous above, marked with broad white cross-bands beneath.
1. N. variegata
1. Leaf-blades densely white-lepidote on both sides, not banded.
2. N. concolor
1. Neoglaziovia variegata (Arr. Cam.) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 427,
pl. 80, fig. I. 1894. FIGURE 124.
Bromelia variegata Arr. Cam. Diss. Pl. Brasil. 7. 1810.
Dyckia glaziovii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 133. 1880.
BraziL: Glagiou 15671 (K, type of Dyckia glaziovii Baker, GH neg. 2722).
Prauf: Southern part of state, Luetzelburg (! Mez).
CearA: Aurora, Loefgren (R).
Rio Granpe po Norte: Luetzelburg (1 Mez).
Paraiba: Campina Grande to Pernambuco, Foster 2417 (US).
Avacoas: Luetzelburg (1 Mez).
SercirE: Luetzelburg (! Mez).
Baia: Iracema, by Rio Paraguassi, Frdées 20222 (IAN, NY, US). Jacobina,
Foster 87 (GH). Itumirim to Joazeiro, Campos Porto (RB). Joazeiro,
Rose & Russell 19733 (US) ; Zehntner 728 (R). Morro da Lapa, Zehntner
570 (R).
Minas Gerats: Sado Miguel, Pohl 3657 in part (BR, GH neg. 2794).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 249
2. Neoglaziovia concolor C. H. Wright, Bot. Mag. 136: pl. 8348. 1910.
Baia: Cultivated, Kew (K, type, GH neg. 2721). Mun. Gloria: Schery 528
(GH).
33. Portea C. Koch
Portea C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1856, App.: 7. 1857.
Endemic to Brazil.
1. Inflorescence dense; primary bracts large, erect, nearly concealing the
branches; floral bracts ample, equaling the sepals....... 1. P. kermesina
Fic. 123. Fic. 124.
Fic. 123.—Billbergia sebrina: a, Inflorescence, K %4; b, flower, XI.
(Both after Belgique Horticole.)
Fic. 124.—Neoglaziovia variegata: a, Habit (after M. B. Foster), 1/10;
b, floral bract and flower, 1; c, longitudinal section of ovary, X 5. (b and c
after Flora Brasiliensis. )
1. Inflorescence lax; primary bracts not concealing the branches; floral bracts
very narrow, surpassed by the sepals.
2. The inflorescence corymbose, as broad as long; sepals short-connate.
Ree ME OR Oy se eo nie ie. a's «cc, ob Sie Sher acd ape ee rea 2. P. leptantha
2. The inflorescence much longer than broad; sepals connate for about half
their length.
3. Floral bracts high-connate with the pedicels and exceeding them.
3. P. filifera
3. Floral bracts slightly if at all connate with the pedicels and much
shorter than they.
250 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
4. Inflorescence soon glabrous; pedicels 10-40 mm. long.
4. P. petropolitana
4. Inflorescence white-furfuraceous; pedicels 6-10, rarely to 15 mm. long.
5. P. silveirae
1. Portea kermesina C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1856, App.: 7. 1857.
BraziL: Cultivated, Paris (P).
Baia: Blanchet 2997 (BM, US neg. 4012) ; Lesson (P).
2. Portea leptantha Harms, Notizblatt 10: 786. 1929. FicurRE 125.
Paraisa: Areia, Vasconcellos 207 (RB, US). Campina Grande, Loefgren
797 (R).
PerNaMBucO: Russinha, Pickel 3536 (GH). Tapera, Pickel 1919 (B, F neg,
11285).
3. Portea filifera L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 58,
pl. 75. 1041.
Baia: Agua Preta, Foster 62 (GH, type; R); 63 (GH).
4. Portea petropolitana (Wawra) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 206,
pl. 64. 1892.
1. Branches of the inflorescence elongate.
2, Pediclls 10-15 ai, AONGis ovis a ck > vewes swives ne eks Var. a. petropolitana
ZYME ediCelSe35—AO Wiiinl OMS ssa isis o ais.cis slereie eid.nce lean onenees Var. b. extensa
1. Branches of the inflorescence short; pedicels 20-40 mm. long.
Var. c. noettigii
4a. Portea petropolitana var. petropolitana
Aechmea petropolitana Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 116. 1880.
Portea gardnerit Baker, Handb. Bromel. 21. 1880.
Streptocalyx podantha Baker, Handb. Bromel. 32. 1880.
Espiriro SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 194 (GH).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petropolis, Glaziou 12230 (K, type of Portea glaziovii Baker
(GH neg. 2690), US); 16417 (GH, P); Wawra II-63 (W, type).
DistriTO FEDERAL: Morro Queimado, Brade 11271 (R) ; 18787 (RB, US).
4b. Portea petropolitana var. extensa L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo nov. ser. 1: 113, pl. 116. 1043.
Espirito SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 196 (GH, type; R).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Petropolis, Foster 498 (GH).
4c. Portea petropolitana var. noettigii (Wawra) L. B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot.
Estado Sao Paulo nov. ser. 1: 113. 1943.
Aechmea noettigii Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 30: 117. 1880.
Portea gardneri Baker, Handb. Bromel. 21, 1880.
Aechmea microthyrsa Baker, Kew Bull. 198. 1892.
Streptocalyx orthopoda Baker, Kew Bull. 198. 1802.
Portea noettigii Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 296. 1892.
BraziL: Reitz 4202 (HBR).
Minas GERAIS: Juiz de Fora, Hoehne (SP). Sao Caetano, Gardner 5234 (BM,
type of Portea gardnert Baker, US neg. 4013).
Rio DE JANEIRO: Entre Rios, Wawra II-108 (W, type). Maua, Glaziow 18565
(P, US, isotypes of Streptocalyx orthopoda Baker) ; Ule 4042 (R, US).
Distrito FeperaL: Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Lutz (GH, R, US); 827 (R).
Restinga da Tijuca, Glaziou 6454 (P).
NG. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 251
5. Portea silveirae Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 30, Beibl. 67: 4. 1901.
Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Foster 194-A (GH, R, US); 313 (GH).
Minas Gerats: Coronel Pacheco, Heringer 1301 (SP); 1744 (SP). Ipatinga,
Foster 729 (GH). Juiz le Fora, Brade 14103 (RB, US neg. 4201). Serra
de Mantiqueira, Silveira 8 (B, type, F neg. 11286).
Fic. 125. Fic. 126.
Fic. 125.—Portea leptantha: a, Branch of inflorescence, X 14; b, floral bract
and flower, X 1; c, sepal, * 1; d, petal and stamen, K 1; e, longitudinal section
of ovary, XI.
Fic. 126.—Pseudananas sagenarius: a, Inflorescence, X ™%; b, petal and
stamens, X 1. (Both after Belgique Horticole.)
34. Pseudananas Hassler ex Harms
Pseudananas Hassler ex Harms, Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 15a: 153.
1930.
Ananas section Pseudananas Hassler, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genéve
20: 280. 1919.
Monotypic. Brazil, Paraguay.
1, Pseudananas sagenarius (Arr. Cam.) Camargo, Rey. Agric. Piracicaba 14:
nos. 7, 8: reprint page 4. 1939. FicuRE 126.
Bromelia sagenaria Arr. Cam. Diss. Pl. Brasil. 13. 1810.
Bromelia sylvestris Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 129. 1825; Icon. p/. 173. 1835.
Ananas macrodontes E. Morr. Belg. Hortic. 28: 140, pls. 4, 5. 1878.
Ananas sylvestris Fritz Mueller, Bericht Deutsch Bot. Gesellsch. 14: 4.
1896. In part, as to basonym.
252 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Pseudananas macrodontes Harms, Engl. & Prantl. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 15a:
153. 1930.
Pseudananas sagenarius var. macrodontes Camargo, Bol. Técn. Inst.
Agron. Norte, Para no. 1:21, fig. 4. 1943.
It has not been possible to find on what basis Camargo subdivides this species.
Baia: Maracas, Foster 2467 (US).
Espirito SANTO: Vitoria, Foster 178 (GH, R).
Minas Gerais: Santa Rosa to Alfenes, Regnell III-1262 (S). Mun. Santa
Barbara: Caraga, Foster 677 (GH, US).
Mato Grosso: East of Bella Vista 73 km., Baker & Collins (GH). Bodoquena,
Santos (R). South of Colonia Miranda 34 km., Baker & Collins (GH).
Lagoa Séca, Corumba, Baker & Collins (GH). Sao Domingos, Corumba,
Baker & Collins (GH). Urucum, Corumba, Baker & Collins (GH).
Porto Felicidade, Baker & Collins (GH).
Distrito FEpERAL: Jacarepagua, J. G. Kuhlmann 6145 (RB, US).
SAo Pauto: Capao Redondo, Gehrt (SP).
SANTA CATARINA: Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz (! Reitz). Mun. Itajai:
Praia Braba, Reits 2289 (HBR, US).
35. Ananas Mill.
Ananas Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754.
Brazil, Guiana, Paraguay. Widely distributed by cultivation
throughout the tropics.
No attempt is made here to cover the numerous cultivated varieties
and forms of pineapple, since others working with living material are
much better qualified to do so.
1. Syncarp over 15 cm. long at maturity, succulent; scape stout, usually short.
2. Floral bracts conspicuous, imbricate and covering the ovaries, coarsely
serrate.
3. Leaf-spines all ascending; floral bracts colored at maturity; petals bear-
iP (SCALES A. «cial ameie meme ovemink seine a sakiwets 1. A. bracteatus
3. Leaf-spines toward the base recurved; floral bracts pale green at ma-
turity; petals bearing vertical folds. (Fig. 127.)
2. A. fritzmuelleri
2. Floral bracts inconspicuous, not imbricate nor covering the ovaries at
maturity serniulaveyscay awk Meriacia etek coe sla tete shoe Oe 3. A. comosus
1. Syncarp less than 15 cm. long at maturity, dry or nearly so; scape elongate,
slender.
4. Leaves recurved, serrate, not more than 25 mm. wide. (Fig. 128.)
5. A. ananassoides
1. Ananas bracteatus (Lindl.) Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1286. 1830.
Ananassa bracteata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. ro8r. 1827.
Ananas sagenaria sensu Mez, Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 32: 104. 1934. Not
Schult. 1830.
Brazi_: Cultivated, W. Hoehne (SP); M. Kuhlmann (GH, SP); Reitz 2293
(HBR, US); 3685 (HBR); 4010 (HBR).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 253
Espirito SANTO: Santa Teresa, Foster 2901 (GH, R).
Distrito FEDERAL: Ipanema, J. G. Kuhlmann (RB).
SAo Pauto: Caraguatatuba, Hoehne & Gehrt (GH (US neg. 3955, 3056), SP).
Ipiranga, Luederwaldt (SP). Sao Sebastiao, Camargo (IAN). Tatui to
Sorocaba, Baker & Collins (GH).
ParanA: Morreétes, M. Kuhlmann (GH, SP). 41 km. from Paranagua, Foster
453 (GH, R). Serra da Prata, 25 km. south of Paranagua, Tessmann (US).
SANTA CATARINA: Sao Francisco do Sul, Reitz 3875 (HBR). Ararangua:
Meleiro, Reitz C-35 (GH, HBR).
Rio GRANDE DO SUL: Sao Leopoldo, Eugenio 446 (NY); 1897 (GH).
2. Ananas fritzmuelleri Camargo, Bol. Técn. Inst. Agron. Norte, Para No. 1:
16, figs. 2, 3. 1943. FIGURE 127.
Ananas sylvestris Fritz Mueller, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 14: 4.
1896. In part, not as to Bromelia sylvestris Vell. 1825.
Ananas bracteatus var. albus L. B. Smith, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard 7: 76.
1939.
Brazit: Telles (GH, SP).
SAo Pauto: Itapecerica, Camargo (GH); Hoehne & Gehrt (GH, type of
Ananas bracteatus var. albus L. B. Smith; SP).
PARANA: Dusén 15469 (S).
SANTA CATARINA: Brusque, Reitz 3057 (HBR, US); 4011 (HBR). Itajai,
Reitz 4157 (HBR). Mun. Ararangua: Sombrio, Reitz C-1344 (HBR).
3. Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill, Interpr. Rumph. Amb. 133. 1917.
Bromelia ananas L. Sp. Pl. 285. 1753.
Bromelia comosa L. Herb. Amboin. 21. 1754; Amoen. Acad. 4: 130. 1759.
Ananas sativus Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7, pt. 2: 1283. 1830.
Ananassa sativa Lindl. ex Spach, Hist. Vég. 12: 400. 1846.
Ananas ananas Voss, Vilm. Blumeng. ed. 3. 1: 964. 1895.
BraziL: Cultivated, Baker & Collins (GH) ; Reitz 3654-b (HBR).
Baia: Machado Portella, eastern Baia, Luetselburg (! Mez). Serra de Sao
José, Luetselburg (! Mez).
Mato Grosso: Cuiaba, Lindman A-2351 (S).
4. Ananas erectifolius L. B. Smith, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard 7:78, pi. 1.
1939.
Ananas sp. Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5:81. 1930.
BraZzIL: Cultivated, Baker & Collins 9 (GH); Foster 1114 (GH).
AMAZONAS or ParA: Amazon Basin, Ducke (GH, type, US neg. 3953).
ParA: Belterra, Pires 4072 (IAN, US). Santarém, Carr (F); Ginsberger &
Zerny 303 (F).
5. Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L. B. Smith, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
7:79, pl. 2. 1939.
1. Apex of the scape weak and easily broken; syncarp many-flowered, up to
Re eT oes 3 0 Sisie. «0:6 via o,w 9 shecaaba cea era Var. a. ananassoides
1. Apex of the scape tough; syncarp few-flowered, only about 4 cm. long.
Var. b. nanus
5a. Ananas ananassoides var. ananassoides. Ficure 128.
Acanthostachys ananassoides Baker, Handb. Bromel. 25. 1880.
Ananas microstachys Lindm. Svensk. Akad. Handl. 24: no. 8:30, pl. 7,
figs. 20-23. 1801.
254 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Ananas sativus var. microstachys Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 294. 1892.
Ananas guaraniticus Bertoni, Monogr. Gen. Ananas in An. Cient. Parag.
II. No. 4:274. 1919.
Ananas comosus var. microstachys L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 72.
1934.
ParA: Santarem, Archer 8328 (IAN, US). Vigia, Black 50-8832 (IAN).
Campina do Palha, Vigia, Black 48-3266 (IAN).
Fic. 127—Ananas frits-muelleri: a, Inflorescence, X 1/10; b, petal and
stamen, XI. (Both after Camargo.)
Fic. 128.—Ananas ananassoides var. ananassoides: a, Habit, & 1/40; b, sec-
tion of leaf, * 1; c, inflorescence, X %; d, sepal, X 1; e, petal and stamen, X I.
(All after Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard.)
Minas Gerats: Pires & Black 2941 (IAN). Lapinha, Lagoa Santa, Palacios
3302 (LIL). La Rosa to Alfenes, Regnell III-1261 (S). Mun. Conceigao:
Serra do Cipd, Foster 639 (GH, US).
Marto Grosso: Braco, Rio Arinos, Baldwin 3086 (US). Camizao, Foster 1089
in part (GH, US). Livramento, southwest of Cuiaba, Baker & Collins
(GH). Guia, Baker & Collins (GH). Nioac to Rio Formiga, Baker &
Collins (GH). East of Porto Felicidade 3 km., Baker & Collins (GH).
Rosario Oueste, Baker & Collins (GH).
Sao Pauto: Itapura, Camargo (GH). Mogi-Mirim, Gehrt (GH, SP). Soro-
caba to Itapetininga, Baker & Collins (GH). Tatui to Sorocaba, Baker &
Collins (GH). Mun. Santa Izabel: Igarata, M. Kuhlmann 1956 (SP);
2551 (SP).
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 255
5b. Ananas ananassoides var. nanus L. B. Smith, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
7:79, pl. 3. 1939.
Brazi_: Cultivated, Baker & Collins (GH); Camargo (IAN).
AMAZONAS: Siao Gabriel, Rio Negro, Baldwin 3468-a (US).
ParA: Tapari, Rio Tapajoz, Dahlgren & Sella 28 (F).
Baia: Foster 43 (GH).
Marto Grosso: Camizao, Foster 1089 in part (GH, US).
EXCLUDED AND DOUBTFUL TAXA
The majority of the following cases in need of clarification come
from the Flora Brasiliensis. It should be noted that this work includes
a number of Bromeliaceae not attributed to Brazil and it does not
seem necessary to exclude these when they were never claimed.
Aechmea regularis Baker, Journ. Bot. 17: 229. 1879; Mart. Fl. Bras. 3,
pt. 3: 324. 1892.
This is a synonym of Aechmea bracteata (Sw.) Griseb., a species
ranging from Mexico to Colombia. There is no authentic record of
its occurrence in or near Brazil.
Billbergia viridiflora H. Wendl. Allg. Gartenz. 22: 154. 1854; Mart. Fl. Bras.
3, pt. 3: 424. 1892.
This was described from cultivated material of unknown origin and
doubtless ascribed to Brazil because the center of the genus is there.
However, the species is now known to be native to southern Mexico,
British Honduras, and Guatemala.
Bromelia fastuosa Lindl. Coll. Fasc. 1: pl. 1. 1821; Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3:
193. 1891.
This name applies to either B. pinguin or B. sylvestris because of its
narrowly triangular sepals and is Mexican, not Brazilian. See under
B. antiacantha Bertol.
Catopsis nutans (Sw.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 599. 864, Mart. FI. Bras.
3, pt. 3: 576. 1894.
Tillandsia nutans Sw. Prodr. 56. 1788.
In Flora Brasiliensis this species was confused with C. sesstliflora
(R. & P.) Mez. Actually it ranges from Mexico and the West Indies
to Venezuela and Ecuador.
Deuterocohnia longipetala (Baker) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras, 3, pt. 3: 506.
1894.
Dyckia longipetala Baker, Handb. Bromel. 135. 1880.
The supposed record for this species in Brazil is a Humboldt and
Bonpland collection from the Rio Marafion. However, a study of
2506 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
their route discloses the collection was made in Peru more than a
thousand kilometers from where the river enters Brazil.
Dyckia altissima Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27:84. 1841; Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 473.
1894.
This species was described from Argentina and then extended to
Brazil by the erroneous inclusion of D. princeps Lem. and other
distinct species.
Hohenbergia gnetacea Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 272. 1891.
The species is native to Jamaica, not to Brazil as originally stated.
Hohenbergia pycnantha (Baker) Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 273. 1891.
Aechmea pycnantha Baker, Handb. Bromel. 41. 1880.
This is a synonym of Hohenbergia polycephala (Baker) Mez, an
endemic species of Jamaica.
Pitcairnia inermis (Meyer) Meyer ex Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. 7: 1238.
1830; Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 440. 1894.
Pourretia inermis Meyer in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 123. 1827.
In Flora Brasiliensis Mez states categorically that this species is in
Brazil (“In fines Brasiliae septentrionalis descendit”), yet gives no
citation to corroborate. In the Pflanzenreich he drops the claim
completely and none of the collections are near enough to make it
seem probable.
Pitcairnia nigra (Carr.) André, Rev. Hortic. 60: 365. 1888; Mart. Fl. Bras.
3, pt. 3: 461. 1894.
Neumannia nigra Carr. Rev. Hortic. 53: 390. 1881.
This species was described from cultivation and its origin surmised
as Brazil. Subsequently it has been collected in Colombia and Ecuador
far from the Brazilian boundary and at altiudes that make its occur-
rence in the Amazon Basin appear most unlikely.
Pitcairnia poeppigiana Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 461. 1804.
The only collection of this species is from Peru. Mez’s suggestion
that the species may also occur in Brazil is not too improbable al-
though the type locality is about three hundred kilometers distant.
Pitcairnia recurvata (Scheidw.) K. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1857:
App. 4. 1858; Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 460. 1894.
Puya recurvata Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 10: 275. 1842.
This species was described from cultivation with Brazil as its sup-
posed origin. Subsequent collections from the wild have been limited
to southern Mexico, British Honduras, and Guatemala.
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH 257
Pitcairnia xanthocalyx Mart. Hort. Monac. Sem. for 1848: 4. 1848; Mart. FI.
Bras. 3, pt. 3: 438. 1894.
The species is native of Mexico. Here again Brazil seemed the
probable origin for an ornamental cultivated species.
Quesnelia chacoensis Rojas, Bull. Geogr. Bot. 26:159. 1918; Pflanzenreich
IV. 32: 176. 1935.
_ Only written evidence is available on this species but the description
indicates the genus Dyckia, not Quesnelia, and “Chaco” would indicate
Paraguay, Argentina, or Bolivia, not Brazil.
Quesnelia lamarckii Baker, Handb. Bromel. 85. 1889.
This is a synonym of Musa coccinea Andr. Being from Guiana it
would not require noting here except that Quesnelia has been indicated
as endemic to Brazil in the systematic treatment above.
Quesnelia tillandsioides (Baker) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 386, pl. 75.
1892.
Billbergia tillandsioides Baker, Handb. Bromel. 84. 18809.
This supposed species consists of a rosette of a Vriesia (probably
V. corcovadensis (Britten) Mez) and the scape and inflorescence of
Quesnelia liboniana (De Jonghe) Mez in close juxtaposition.
Whether it is an error of attempted reconstruction in preparing the
specimen or a deliberate hoax as some would claim, it has been the
source of no small confusion and embarrassment.
Tillandsia bandensis Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 235. 1887; DC. Monogr. Phan.
9: 858. 1806.
This species has been cited from Brazil on the basis of the type,
which actually came from Uruguay.
Tillandsia bracteata Vell. F1. Fluminensis 132. 1825; Icon 3: pl. 125. 1835.
It has not been possible to link this name with any known species.
From the illustration it appears to be an Aechmea like Ae. fasciata
(Lindl.) Baker but with sepals too large and pointed for that species.
Tillandsia brasiliensis Larrafiaga, Escritos D. A. Larrafiaga 1: 396. 1922.
The description given the above is so vague and general that it is
impossible to identify it. No material is known to exist.
Tillandsia comata Vell. FJ. Fluminensis 136. 1825; Icon. 3: p/. rgo. 1835.
The illustration indicates an Aechmea with the habit of Ae. cariocae
L. B. Smith, but the floral bracts are much too long for that species.
258 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Tillandsia imbricata Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 133. 1825; Icon 3: fl. r3z. 1835.
This must be a Vriesia but its combination of lax simple in-
florescence and long straight acute bracts are not duplicated in any
known species.
Tillandsia saxatilis Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 136. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 139. 1835.
There must be an error in this illustration as everything indicates
Aechmea nudicalis (L.) Griseb. or a close relative, but the ovary is
shown as superior.
Tillandsia tetrasticha Vell. Fl. Fluminensis 135. 1825; Icon. 3: pl. 137. 1835.
As suggested by Mez this may be an aberrant form of an Aechmea
with a dense many-flowered simple inflorescence. However, those
it most nearly resembles have ranges too far south for the area covered
by Vellozo.
Tillandsia vernicosa Baker, Journ. Bot. 25: 241. 1887.
The type of this species is a cultivated plant labeled “Christie.
Parana,” but no trace has been found of this collector and no sub-
sequent collection has been made in or near Brazil.
Vriesia albescens Aly. Silveira, Fl. Montium 2: pl. 131, fig. 2. 1931. Nomen.
This appears to be an error for his V. glauca.
Vriesia atro-purpurea Alv. Silveira, Fl. Montium 2: Add. 3, pl. 131, fig. I.
1931.
It has not been possible to examine material of any of Silveira’s
species and the description and illustration of the above are inadequate
for classification.
Vriesia decipiens F. Mueller, Gartenflora 42:737. 1803. (See under V.
erythrodactylon.)
Vriesia glauca Alv. Silveira, Fl. Montium 2: Add. 3. 1931.
It has not been possible to classify this species.
Vriesia macropoda (Baker) Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 3: 554. 1894.
Tillandsia macropoda Baker, Handb. Bromel. 218. 1889.
Mez identifies this with V’. inflata Wawra, a species with sepals
completely covered by the floral bracts, while Baker describes the
sepals as much exceeding the floral bracts. It has not been possible
to explain the contradiction as yet.
LOCALITIES CITED
The following localities are defined because of their absence from
the “Index to Map of Hispanic America 1: 1,000,000” published by
NO. I BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH
259
the American Geographical Society. In a few cases names found
there are included here because of ambiguity as in the use of the same
name for two or more localities in the same state.
Bearings are mostly given in the same style as in the Index. That
is, the nearest full degree of latitude is given, then a dash and the
nearest full degree of longitude, followed by the letter a, b,c, or d. The
quadrant lying northwest of the intersection of the degree lines is a;
northeast, b; southwest, c; and southeast, d. A capital “N” or “S”
indicates the latitude.
Usually localities in the Distrito Federal are not defined further
since their position is already sufficiently definite for plotting range
maps.
Agua, Ilha de. Distrito Federal. Baia
da Guanabara.
Albino Souza, Morro. Parana. Mun.
Piraquara.
Alcatrazes, Ilha das. Sao Paulo. Near
Santos, 24-46d. S.
Alexio. Amazonas. Mun. Manaus.
Alfenes. Minas Gerais. Near Santa
Rosa.
Almada. Baia. Near Ilheus.
Almas, Serra das. Baia. The range
at 14-42b. S.
Alto da Serra. Parana. The crest of
the Serra do Mar, east of Curitiba
on the road to Paranagua.
Alto dos Marins. Sao Paulo. Between
Piquete and the boundary with
Minas Gerais. ! Hoehne.
Andarai Grande. Distrito Federal.
! Brade.
Angelim, Cascata do. Mato Grosso.
Near Buritizinho.
Anhangava, Morro.
Piraquara.
Araguai (Araguaya of Index). Espi-
rito Santo. Near Vitoria.
Araquari. Santa Catarina. Municipio
immediately south of Joinvile and
Sao Francisco do Sul, formerly
Paraty.
Arara. Ceara. North of Araripe.
Aratuba. Ceara. Formerly Coite,
4-39b. S.
Archer, Morro de. Distrito Federal.
Arica. Mato Grosso. Near Cuiaba.
Parana. Mun.
Ariro, Serra de. Rio de Janeiro or Sao
Paulo, 23-44a. S.
Armagao de Piedade. Santa Catarina.
The same as Armacao do Sul,
Ilha de Santa Catarina.
Arpoador, Praia do. Distrito Federal.
Between Copacabana and Pedra
Dois Irmaos.
Atafona. Rio de Janeiro. East of Sao
Joao de Barra on the south side
of the Rio Paraiba do Sul.
Aura. Para. The name of a farm in
Belém.
Azambuja. Santa Catarina. Not the
one listed in the Index. Part of
Brusque.
Babilonia, Morro da. Distrito Federal.
Baependy. Minas Gerais. Municipio,
now Baipendi.
Baixada Fluminense. Distrito Federal,
Rio de Janeiro. The lowland
about Rio.
Bananal. Sao Paulo. The locality at
23-44a. S. ! Brade.
Bandeira, Morro da. Rio de Janeiro.
Serra dos Orgaos, west side of the
Parque Nacional. ! Brade.
Banhado. Parana. Mun. Morrétes, on
the Serra do Mar.
Barra de Sao José. Rio de Janeiro.
Somewhat north of Cabo Frio,
22° 45’ S. ! Brade.
Barracgao. Parana. Southwest corner
of the state. ! Reitz.
260 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Barreira. Rio de Janeiro. At the foot
of the Serra dos Orgaos in the
Parque Nacional. ! Brade.
Barro, Espigao de. Santa Catarina.
Near Ararangua.
Bateia, Morro da. Santa Catarina.
Near Brusque.
Berberibe. Pernambuco. The same as
Beberibe, just north of Recife.
3etim. Minas Gerais. Municipio, in-
cluding the former municipio of
Contagem, 20-44a. S. ! L. O.
Williams.
Bica, Serra da. Distrito Federal.
Bico Alto. Ceara. In the Serra de
Baturité.
Biribiri. Minas Gerais. The same as
Beribéri of the Index, 18-44d. S.
Blei (Bley). Parana. Mun. Lapa.
Boa Vista. Rio de Janeiro. The lo-
cality at 22-42b. S., collection by
Glaziou on the Rio Paraiba do
Sul.
Boa Vista, Alto da. Distrito Federal.
Boca da Mata. Minas Gerais. Mun.
Serro.
Boca do Rio. Baia. Just south of
Salvador, 13-38b. S.
Bocaiti. Minas Gerais. Near Pomba,
21-43c. S. ! Hoehne.
Bom Gosto. Baia. Near Olivenga, 15-
30a. S.
Bom Jardim. Santa Catarina. Near
Biguacu.
Bom Jesus. Rio Grande do Sul.
Northeastern highlands, about 28°
g0° &.,. 50° “W. /alt.. T0de.. Ai.
! Rambo.
Bom Jesus da Lapa. The same as
Lapa.
Bom Retiro. Santa Catarina. The lo-
cality at 28-5ob. S., Municipio.
Bom Socorro, Morro do. Santa Cata-
rina. Near Nova Trento.
Boracéa. Sao Paulo. Near Salesépo-
lis.
Borda do Campo. Parana. Mun. Pi-
raquara, 25-49c. S.
Bosque da Saude. Sao Paulo. Mun.
Sao Paulo. ! Brade.
VOL. 126
Botafogo. Distrito Federal.
Braco. Mato Grosso. A mining camp
on the Rio Arinos, about 12°
south. ! Baldwin.
Braco do Sul. Espirito Santo. Mun.
Castelo, 20° 40’ S. ! Brade.
Braganga. Sao Paulo. Now Braganca
Paulista, 23-47b. S.
Brajatiba, Morro de. Parana. Mun.
Guaratuba, 2 km. southeast of
Guaratuba. ! Stellfeld.
Brejo. Serra do. Piaui. 7-42 to 43. S.
Bussuquara. Para. In Belém on the
grounds of the water reserve.
! Black.
Butantan (Now Butanta). Sao Paulo.
Mun. Sao Paulo. ! Hoehne.
Buturoca, Rio. Sao Paulo. Near San-
tos.
Caapoeira. Not a locality but a habi-
tat indicating secondary woods.
! Hoehne.
Caar6. Rio Grande do Sul. Near Sao
Luiz, northwestern highlands,
about 28° S., 55° W., alt. 300 m.,
campo, wood islets. ! Rambo.
Cabeca de Boi. Mato Grosso. Near
Cuiaba.
Cabritos, Morro dos. Distrito Federal.
Between Jardim Botanico and the
ocean. ! Brade.
Cabritos, Serra dos. Minas Gerais.
Near Capivari.
Caceres. The same as Sao Luiz de
Caceres.
Cachoeira do Rancho Frio. Rio de
Janeiro. Serra dos Orgaos, on the
Rio Paquequer in the Parque Na-
cional, alt. 1400 m. ! Brade.
Cachoeira Dourada. Minas Gerais.
Mun. Ituiutaba, 60 km from Ituiu-
taba on the boundary with Goias.
Cacupé. Santa Catarina. On the Ilha
de Santa Catarina, 28-4ob. S.
Caeté. Minas Gerais. The locality at
20-44b. S., collection by Martius.
Caioba. Parana. Mun. Paranagua,
35 km south of Paranagua on the
coast.
=
NO. I
Cajazeiras. Paraiba. The locality at
7-38a. S.
Cajuri. Sao Paulo. The locality at
21-47c. S., collection by Regnell.
Caldeirao. Amazonas. Less than 30
km west of Manaus but on the
Amazon. Collection by Martius.
Camizao. Mato Grosso. Near Aquidu-
ana.
Campina do Palha. Para. Near Vigia.
Campininha. Parana. Mun. Piraquara,
8 km from Quatro Barras toward
the sea, 25-49c. S. ! Hatschbach,
Campo Bonito. Rio Grande do Sul.
Near Torres.
Campo dos Padres. Santa Catarina.
Near Bom Retiro.
Campo Grande. Mato Grosso. The
locality at 20-55d. S., collection
by Foster.
Campo Largo. Parana. Municipio, the
locality at 25-sod. S., collection by
Hatschbach.
Canna Verde. Sao Paulo. Near Ca-
jurt, collection by Regnell.
Canoas. Rio Grande do Sul. 15 km
northeast of Porto Alegre, near
Esteio. ! Rambo.
Cantareira, (Serra da). Sao Paulo.
Mun. Sao Paulo, Horto Florestal.
! Hoehne.
Canto Grande.
Porto Belo.
Capao Redondo. Sao Paulo.
Sorocaba. ! Hoehne.
Capela, Estacao. Rio Grande do Sul.
Now Estacao Azevedo, 50 km
northeast of Porto Alegre, near
Montenegro, campo, arenitic hills,
wood islets, alt. 50 m. ! Rambo.
Carioba. Sao Paulo. On the Rio
Piracicaba between Campinas and
Limeira, 22° 41’ S. and 47° 19’ W.
! M. Kuhlmann.
Carioca, Serra da. Distrito Federal.
Cariri. Ceara. Near Imbuzeiro. Col-
lection by Loefgren.
Carmo. Minas Gerais. Mun. Ituiutaba,
5 km south of Ituiutaba, 19-49a.
S. ! Macedo.
Santa Catarina. Near
Near
BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH
261
Carmo. Rio de Janeiro. The locality
on the Rio Paquequer near Tere-
sOpolis.
Carud-agu. Rio Branco. Evidently a
peak in the Serra da Lua, 2-60a,
N.
Caruart. Pernambuco. Near the
Paraiba boundary. ! D. A. Lima.
About 50 miles west of Campo
Grande, Paraiba. ! Foster.
Carvalho, Parana. Near Ipiranga,
! Asplund,
Cascadura. Distrito Federal. City of
Rio de Janeiro. ! Brade.
Cascata. Rio Grande do Sul. Appar-
ently the same as Cascata da
Hermenegilda. ! Rambo.
Casino At. Parana. In Curitiba.
! Stellfeld.
Castanho, Rio. Amazonas. Upper Rio
Negro basin, about 1° 22’ N.,
64° 38’ W.
Castelo, Mun. Espirito Santo. 20° 40’
S., 41° W. ! Brade.
Castelo de Agua. Rio de Janeiro.
Serra dos Orgios, in the Parque
Nacional. ! Brade.
Catuni. Baia. Not listed in the Index
but shown on the Map. 10-40 c. S.
Caumba Nova. Ceara. Error for Ca-
cimba Nova, 5—40c. S.
Caxias. Rio de Janeiro. Just north of
the Distrito Federal on the Baia
da Guanabara.
Chapeu de Sol. Minas Gerais. Mun.
Jaboticatubas, 19° 40’ S., 43° 57’
W. ! Segadas-Vianna.
Chuqué, Serra de. Baia. Apparently
the same as Serra do Jaci, 10-38a.
Si
Cidade Jardim. Sido Paulo. Mun. Sao
Paulo.
Cipo, Serra do. In the Index as Sipé,
northeast of Belo Horizonte.
Cochrane, Monte do. Distrito Federal.
Cocui. Amazonas. A large mountain
on the point of the Rio Negro
where Brazil, Colombia, and Vene-
zuela meet. Most collections are
from the Brazilian army post of
262
the same name a few miles below
the mountain. ! Schultes.
Cocuruto (not Cocuruté). Rio Grande
do Sul. Near Pelotas. ! Rambo.
Coite. Ceara. Now Aratuba.
Collatina, Mun. Espirito Santo. 20-
4tb..‘S.
Colonia. Piaui. The same as Floriano,
7-43a. S.
Colonia Sao Pedro. Rio Grande do
Sul. Mun. Sao Pedro, 20 km
north of Torres. ! Schultz.
Conceicao. Goias. The locality at 12-
47c. S., collection by Burchell.
Conceicéo de Itanhaen. Sao Paulo.
Now simply Itanhaém.
Conchas. Sao Paulo. The locality at
23-48d S., on the Sorocabana rail-
road line between Laranjal and
Botucatu, near Tieté. ! Hoehne.
Conselheiro Matta-Rodeador. Minas
Gerais. Now Conselheiro Mata.
Contas, Rio das. Santa Catarina.
Near Sao Joaquim.
Copacabana. Distrito Federal.
Corcovado. Distrito Federal.
Coronel Pacheco. Minas Gerais. Ex-
periment Station, now Agua
Limpa, 22-43a. S. ! Hoehne.
Correas. Rio de Janeiro. North of
Petropolis between Cascatinha and
Nogueira, 23-43a. S.
Corrego Alegre, (Fazenda). Minas
Gerais. Mun. Delfim Moreira,
22° 32’ S., 45° 13’ W. ! M. Kuhl-
mann.
Corupa. Santa Catarina. Near Jara-
gua.
Cosme Velho. Distrito Federal.
Cotia. Sao Paulo. Now Ibiuna, near
Una, 23° .38' S.,.877 hos! WW.
! M. Kuhlmann.
Cresciuma. Santa Catarina. Now
Cricitima, 29-49a. S.
Cristais, Serra dos. Minas Gerais.
Near Diamantina. ! Brade.
Cruzeiro, Morro do. Minas Gerais.
Mun. Ouro Preto, 1 km south of
Ouro Preto. ! Macedo.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 126
Cuibica. Espirito Santo. The same as
Cobica, south of Vitoria. ! Foster.
Cume do Bico. Ceara. In the Serra
de Baturité.
Cunha, Serra da. S40 Paulo. Near the
Serra Geral in Cunha, 23° 06’ S.,
44° 56’ W. ! M. Kuhlmann.
Curral, Serra do. Minas Gerais.
About 25 km southwest of Belo
Horizonte. ! Foster.
Curralinhos. Santa Catarina. 29-
sod. S.
Curupira, Mato do. Mato Grosso.
Near Cuiaba.
Curupira, Morro do. Sao Paulo. Near
Santos, collection by Mosén.
Delfim Moreira, Mun. Minas Gerais.
Region of the Serra da Manti-
queira near the Sado Paulo bound-
aty, 22° 35’ S.5°45°(a4" Were.
Kuhlmann.
Demora, Rio. Parana. Near Antonina.
Desengano. Rio de Janeiro. Mun.
Santa Maria Madalena, 22° S.,
2° east of Rio de Janeiro. ! Brade.
Desterro. Santa Catarina. Now Flori-
anopolis.
Desvio Ypiranga. Parana. Apparently
the same as Ipiranga.
Deuses, Terra dos. Minas Gerais. In
Lavras. ! Black.
Diamente, Fazenda do. Minas Gerais.
Near Corinto. ! Bracelin.
Dimiti, Serra. Amazonas. Near Rio
Dimiti, 1-67d. N.
Dionisio Cerqueira. Santa Catarina.
Extreme northeast corner of the
state.
Dois Irmaos. Rio Grande do Sul.
Southern slope of the highlands,
about 50 km northeast of Pdrto
Alegre, alt. 100 m., rain forest belt.
! Rambo.
Dois Irmaos, Pedra. Distrito Federal.
Dona Castorina, Estrada. Distrito
Federal.
Dona Francisca, Estrada. Santa Cata-
rina. In Joinvile.
NO. I
Dourada, Serra. Goias. The locality
at 16-50c. S., collections by Schott
and Ule.
Douro, Mision. Goids. The same as
S4o José do Duro, 11-46c. S., col-
lection by Gardner.
Ega. Amazonas. Now Tefé.
Engenho Novo. Distrito Federal. In
Rio de Janeiro. ! Brade.
Escola. Pernambuco. Sao Bento, near
Tapera. ! D. A. Lima.
Esperanca. Amazonas. Near Peruvian
border, across from Leticia, 4-70d.
S. | Black.
Esperanca. Parana. About 10 km
northwest of Prudentopolis, 25-
sic. S. ! Stellfeld.
Espigao do Curupira. Sao Paulo.
Near Santos, collection by Mosén.
Esteio. Rio Grande do Sul. 20 km
northeast of Porto Alegre, low-
lands with campos, swamps, and
wood islets, alt. 20 m. ! Rambo.
Estreito do Uruguai. Santa Catarina.
Near Concordia.
Excelsior. Distrito Federal. Probably
part of Pico da Tijuca.
Fabriciano, Coronel. Minas Gerais.
Mun. Anténio Dias. ! Foster.
Fachinal. Santa Catarina. Near
Biguacu.
Feira. Baia. The same as Feira de
Santana, 12-39c. S.
Felisberto. Baia. Near Ilheus.
Figueiredo. Santa Catarina.
Bom Retiro.
Flamengo, Morro. Distrito Federal.
Flores, Ilha das. Rio de Janeiro. Just
off the northern end of Niteroi.
Flores, Pedra das. Rio de Janeiro.
Mun. Santa Maria Madalena,
= © TO «east Of Kio de
Janeiro. ! Brade.
Florestal. Parana. Mun. Piraquara,
29 km east of Curitiba. ! Hatsch-
bach.
Florestal, Estagao. Sao Paulo, on the
grounds of the Instituto de Bo-
tanica. ! Foster.
Near
BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH
263
Fonseca, Chacara de. Distrito Federal.
! Brade.
Fonte Sanatoria. Sao Paulo. About
150 km from Sao Paulo on the
road to Curitiba. ! Foster.
Formiga, Rio. Mato Grosso. The one
at 21-56d. S.
Forno Grande. Espirito Santo. Mun.
Castelo, 20° 40’ S., 2° east of
Rio de Janeiro. ! Brade.
Furquilha, Serra da. Rio de Janeiro.
Mun. Santa Maria Madalena, 22°
S., 1° 10’ east of Rio de Janeiro.
! Brade.
Garrafao, Morro do. Santa Catarina.
Near Jaragua.
Gavea, Pedra da. Distrito Federal.
Geral, Serra. Goids. Luetzelburg col-
lections near Sao José do Duro.
Gloria, Mun. Baia. o-30d._ S.
! Schery.
Governador Valadares, Mun. Minas
Gerais. 19-42b. S.
Governo, Mato do. Sao Paulo. Mun.
Sao Paulo, former name of the
Parque do Estado including the
Instituto de Botanica and its Jar-
dim Botanico. ! Hoehne.
Grongogy, Rio. Baia. The same as
Rio Grungogi.
Guaiba, Rio. Rio Grande do Sul. The
mouth of the Rio Jacui. 30—5Ic.
S. ! O’Donell.
Guapi (Guapi Mirim). Rio de Janeiro.
Due south of TeresOpolis on the
railroad.
Guaribas. Piaui. Between Sao Jodo
do Piaui and Raimundo Nonato.
Guiomar. Espirito Santo. Southwest
of Vitoria. ! Foster.
Gurupi, Rio. Para-Maranhao. 1-46c.
Ss
Heitor Legrui. Sao Paulo. Interior of
Sao Paulo. ! Hoehne.
Hermenegilda, Cascata. Rio Grande
do Sul. Near Pelotas, about 32°
S., 52° W. ! Rambo.
264 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Herval. Santa Catarina (not Parana).
27-51c. S., collections of Dusén,
March 7-9, 1911. ! Asplund.
Humaita. Amazonas. 8-63a. S.
Humaita. Ceara. Now Senador Pom-
peu, 6-30a. S. ! Ducke.
Humaita. Mato Grosso. Near Rio dos
Bugres, collection of Lindman.
Igarapé. See second capitalized word
of title.
Ilha. See also the second capitalized
word of title.
Ilha Comprida. Sao Paulo. Includes
Iguapé, 48-25b. S.
I!heu, Dist. Minas Gerais. Includes
Vicosa in drainage basin of Rio
Doce. ! Bracelin.
Imbé, Santo Antonio de. Rio de
Janeiro. Evidently the same as
Imbé, 22-42b. S.
Imbetiba. Rio de Janeiro. A small
harbor (enseada) south of Macaé,
22-42d. S.
Imbuzeiro, (? Riacho). Ceara. 5-41b.
S., collection by Loefgren.
Indaial. Santa Catarina. Near En-
cano.
Inferninhos.
Itajuba.
Ipanargna. Paraiba. 10 or 15 miles
north of Campina Grande. ! Fos-
ter.
Ipanema. Distrito Federal.
Ipero. Sao Paulo. Near Sorocaba.
! Hoehne.
Ipiranga. Parana. Just below the
crest of the Serra do Mar on the
eastern slope east of Curitiba, on
the railroad. Collections by Dusén.
Iracema. Baia. On the road to Serra
de Sincora, 13-41d. S. ! Froes.
Ira Igarapé. Amazonas. Affluent of
the Rio Tiquié, which is the first
large affluent of Vaupés in Brazil
below the boundary Rio Papuri.
! Schultes.
Isana, Rio. Amazonas. The same as
Icgana.
Santa Catarina. Near
VOL. 126
Itabapoana. Espirito Santo. About
ar® Sy artw,
Itabapoana, Ponte de. The same as
Itabapoana, separated merely by
the river dividing Rio de Janeiro
and Espirito Santo. ! Hoehne.
Itacorubi. Santa Catarina. 28-48a. S.
Itamarati. Rio de Janeiro. Near Pe-
tropolis. ! Brade.
Itambé. Minas Gerais. The locality
at 19-43c. S., collection by Saint-
Hilaire.
Itapeba, Restinga de. Distrito Federal.
Near Recreio dos Bandeirantes.
Itapemirim. See Cachoeiro de Itape-
mirim.
Itapiranga. Santa Catarina. Mun.
Chapeco, 27-54d. S.
Itapirapua (Itapirapuan), Mount.
Mato Grosso. Near Buritizinho
and Diamantino. Collection by
Lindman.
Itapoan. Rio Grande do Sul. 50 km
south of Porto Alegre at the
northern end of the Lagoa dos
Patos, granitic hills, campos,
woods, swamps, alt. 30 m.
! Rambo.
Itararé. Parana. Across the river
from Itararé in Sao Paulo, 24-
49c. S. ! Asplund.
Itatinga. Baia. 15° o5 S...20° W.
! Froes.
Itubira, Serra de. Baia. Near Serra
das Almas, 14-42b. S.
Itumirim. Baia. The locality at 10-
4oc. S. ! Campos Porto.
Iturassu. Baia. About 40 miles south-
east of Maracas, midway between
Maracas and Jequié. ! Foster.
Izidoro, Mato do. Minas Gerais.
Possibly a limestone sinkhole near
Diamantina. ! L. O. Williams.
Jabaquara. Sido Paulo. Mun. Sao
Paulo, near the Jardim Botanico
and the Instituto de Botanica.
! Hoehne.
Jacarei (Jacarehy). Parana. Near
Ipiranga. ! Asplund. Collections
—
cinta’ ——EE
NO. I
of Dusén. The citation of “re-
stinga” as a habitat on some labels
indicates a coastal locality.
Jacarepagua, Restinga de. Distrito
Federal.
Japui, Monte. Sao Paulo. In Sao
Vicente.
Japuiba (Japuhyba). Rio de Janeiro.
A few kilometers northeast of
Angra dos Reis on the railroad.
! Hoehne.
Jaragua, Morro da. Sao Paulo. Some
25 km northwest of the city of
Sao Paulo. ! Brade.
Jarau. Rio Grande do Sul. 25 km west
of Quarai, southwestern Rio
Grande do Sul on the Uruguayan
frontier, about 30° 30’ S., 56° W..,
arenitic ranges, campos, woods,
alt. 200 m. ! Rambo.
Jeremoabo. Baia. The same as
Geremoabo.
Joao Coelho. Para. The same as
Santa Isabel.
Joao Pessoa. Paraiba. Formerly
Paraiba.
José Vaz, Serra de. Rio de Janeiro.
Near Campo Belo, _Itatiaia.
! Brade.
Juct, Rio. Espirito Santo. About 30
miles southwest of Vitéria. ! Fos-
ter.
Juruema, Riosinho. Amazonas. Right
bank of the Rio Jutai, 6° S., 60°
W. ! Froes.
Juruena, Rio. Mato Grosso. Not
listed in the Index but shown as
13-590b. S.
Kappesberg. Rio Grande do Sul. 100
km northeast of Pérto Alegre,
southern rim of the highlands, rain
forest, alt. 600 m., about 29° S.,
51° W. Now Estacao Sao Salva-
dor. ! Rambo.
Km 279 (toward Curitiba). Sao
Paulo. Nearest Apiai, collection
of Foster.
BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH
265
Lagem (Lagen or Layen), Retiro de.
Sao Paulo. Region of Cajuru,
collection of Regnell.
Lago, Igarapé do. Amapa. Mun.
Macapa, 1° N., 52° W. |! Froes.
Lagoa de Piri. Santa Catarina. Evi-
dently the same as Lagoa, Ilha de
Santa Catarina.
Lagoa Grande. Minas Gerais. Mun.
Nova Lima, in Serra de Mutuca,
6-7 km south of Belo Horizonte.
! L. O. Williams.
Lagoa, Ribeirao da. Sao Paulo. May
be an affluent of the Rio Feio,
interior of Sao Paulo. ! Hoehne.
Collection of Edwall.
Lapa (Bom Jesus de Lapa). Baia.
13-43c. S. ! Campos Porto.
Lapinha. Minas Gerais. 10-15 km
south of Lagoa Santa. ! O’Donell.
Laranjeiras. Distrito Federal.
Layen. Error for Lagem, see above.
! Asplund.
Leblon, Praia do. Distrito Federal.
Leopoldina. Espirito Santo. The same
as Cachoeira de Santa Leopoldina,
20-40c. S. Collection of Luetzel-
burg.
Luiz de Melo, Mata. Paraiba. North-
east of Campina Grande. ! Foster.
Macieiras. Rio de Janeiro. On Ita-
tiaia.
Mae Catira, Rio. Parana. Mun. Mor-
rétes, by the Estrada da Graciosa,
near Sao Joao. ! Hatschbach.
Mairori, Serra de. Rio Branco. Near
Rio Surumt, 4-60a. N.
Majestoso, Pico. Rio de Janeiro.
Serra dos Orgaos, in the Parque
Nacional. ! Brade.
Mandioca. Rio de Janeiro. Below
Petrépolis, collection by Glaziou.
! Brade.
Manga, Piaui. Near Floriano. 7-43a.
&:
Mantiqueira, Serra da. Minas Gerais.
The boundary between Minas
Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, collec-
tion by Magelhaes.
266
Manuel Agustin, Corrego. Minas
Gerais. Near Corinto. ! Bracelin.
Mar, Serra do. Sao Paulo, Parana.
The main north-south range and
drainage divide in both states.
Maracaja. Santa Catarina. 29-49a. S.
Maracana. Santa Catarina. Evidently
the same as Maracaja.
Maracassumé, Rio. Maranhao. 2° S.,
47° W. ! Froes.
Maracuja, Rio. Santa Catarina. Near
Anitapolis.
Marambaia, Ilha de. Rio de Janeiro.
West of the Distrito Federal, 23-
44d. S.
Marapendi, Lagoa. Distrito Federal.
Marari. Amazonas. On the Rio Jurua,
6-68b. S.
Marco da Legua. Para. Near Belém.
! Black.
Maromba, Ponte. Rio de Janeiro. On
Itatiaia.
Massiambu. Santa Catarina. Mun.
Palhoga, 27° 49’ S., 48° 40’ W.
Mata Luiz de Melo. Paraiba. North-
east of Campina Grande. ! Foster.
Matinhos. Parana. Between Para-
nagua and Guaratuba, near Caioba,
25° 51’ S., 48° 32’ W. ! M. Kuhl-
mann.
Mato Dentro, Mun. Minas Gerais.
Between Belo Horizonte and the
Serra do Cipd, about 50 km from
Conceigéo de Mato Dentro. ! Ma-
cedo.
Maua. Rio de Janeiro. The locality
at 23-43a. S.
Meio da Serra. Rio de Janeiro. Half-
way up the serra to Petropolis.
Meio, Rio do. Parana. Mun. Anto-
nina, 25-49d. S.
Miguel Burnier. Minas Gerais. The
same as the railroad station,
Burnier. ! Hoehne.
Milho Verde. Minas Gerais. The lo-
cality at 18-43c. S., collection by
Saint- Hilaire.
Mirador, Rio. Santa Catarina. Near
Orleaes.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 126
Moinho Velho. Sao Paulo. Between
Sao Paulo and Osasco, near Bu-
tanta.
Monte Claro. Espirito Santo. North-
west of Collatina 35 miles. ! Fos-
ter:
Montenegro. Rio Grande do Sul. 60
km northeast of Porto Alegre,
foothills of the Serra Geral
(southern slope of the highlands),
campo, rain forest, 30 m. alt.
! Rambo.
Monte Serrat. Rio de Janeiro. On
Itatiaia.
Mooca. Sao Paulo. Mun. Sao Paulo.
! Brade.
Morin. Rio de Janeiro. Near Pe-
tropolis. ! Brade.
Morro. See also second capitalized
word of title.
Morro Grande. Parana.
! M. Kuhlmann.
Morro Velho. Minas Gerais. Now
Vila Nova Lima, an English gold
mine near Sabara and Belo Hori-
zonte. ! Hoehne.
Morungava (Morungaba). Parana.
A district including Itararé, 24-
4oc. S.
Muguentaua. Amazonas. Right bank
Coastal.
of the Rio Tefé, 3-65d. S.
! Froes.
Mutuca, Serra da. Minas Gerais.
Mun. Nova Lima, 20° 03’ S., 44°
W. ! L. O. Williams.
Nariz do Frade. Rio de Janeiro.
Serra dos Orgaos, Parque Na-
cional, alt. 1800 m. ! Brade.
Nataia, Igarapé. Amapa. Right bank
of the Rio Oiapoque, 2° 05’ N.
! Froes.
Negra, Serra. Pernambuco. Not one
of those listed, near the Paraiba
line. ! Foster.
Neu Wiirttemberg. Rio Grande do
Sul. Now Panambi; northwestern
highlands, 28° S., 54° W., alt.
500 m. rain forest, campo.
! Rambo.
NO, I
Niemeier, Avenida. Distrito Federal.
Nordeste, Escola Agronomica do.
Paraiba. At Areia.
Nova Granja. Minas Gerais. Mun.
Santa Luzia, near Santa Luzia on
the east. ! L. O. Williams.
Nova Wurtemburg. See Neu Wiirt-
temberg.
Olho d’Agua, Serra d’. Paraiba. Near
7, Suan. W.
Olimpo, Pico. Parana. Mun. Mor-
rétes, the same as Pico do Ma-
rumbi, 25-49d. ! Hatschbach.
Osorio. Rio Grande do Sul. Muni-
cipio, near Lagoa de Pinguela
(30-50a S.). Probably Conceicaio
do Arroio of the Map.
Paduiri, Rio. Amazonas. From the
Sicrsa. Parima, 1°..22'. N., 64°
38’ W.
Pae Ricardo, Matas do. Distrito Fed-
eral.
Paineiras. Distrito Federal. On the
Corcovado.
Palacios. Minas Gerais. Mun. Jaboti-
catubas, 19° 10’ S., 43° 35’ W.,
alt. 1200 m. ! Segadas-Vianna.
Palmarco. Pernambuco. Evidently an
error for Palmares, 9-35a.
Palmeira. Rio Grande do Sul. North-
eastern highlands, about 27° 30’ S.,
54° W., alt. 600 m., campo, woods.
! Rambo.
Palmeiras. Mato Grosso. The locality
at 16-56b. S., near Cuiaba. Col-
lection by Lindman.
Palmeiras. Parana. Between Curitiba
and Ponta Grossa, 25° 24’ S.,
50° W. ! M. Kuhlmann.
Panuré. Amazonas. The same as
Ipanuré, MIpanoré, and Sao
Jeronimo; on the Rio Uaupés,
o-68a. N. ! Pires.
Pao d’Assucar. Distrito Federal.
Peak at the west side of the en-
trance to the bay.
Papagaio, Pico do. Distrito Federal.
BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH
267
Papagaio, Rio. Mato Grosso. Near
Utiariti.
Paraiba. Paraiba. Now Joao Pessoa.
Paraiba do Norte. The same as the
state of Paraiba.
Paraibana. Minas Gerais. The same
as Rio Paraibuna in Juiz de Fora.
! Hoehne.
Paramirim dos Creoulos. Baia. The
same as Paramirim at 13-42c. S.
Pardo, Rio. Rio Grande do Sul. The
locality at 30-52a. S., collection
by Sellow.
Pareci Novo. Rio Grande do Sul.
60 km northeast of Pérto Alegre,
10 from Montenegro, foothills of
the Serra Geral, rain forest region,
alt. 50 m. ! Rambo.
Parque do Estado. Sao Paulo. Mun.
Sao Paulo, surrounds the Instituto
de Botanica. ! Hoehne.
Parque Nacional. Minas Gerais. Mun.
Antonio Dias, near Ipatinga.
! Foster.
Parque Nacional. Rio de Janeiro.
Near Teresopolis.
Patrimonio. Sao Paulo. Between
Piedade and Juquia, 23° 50’ S.,
47° 27' W. 1! M. Kuhlmann.
Pedra Bonita. Distrito Federal.
Pedra Branca. Espirito Santo. Mun.
Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, 20° 40’
S.,. 2° e@ast of Rio’ -de Janeiro.
! Brade.
Pedra Grande. Sao Paulo. The same
as Pedra Grande de Atibaia.
! Hoehne.
Pedra, Serra da. Santa Catarina.
Near Ararangua.
Pedras, Morro das. Sado Paulo. Mun.
Iguapé, near the coast about 15 km
north of Iguapé. ! Brade.
Pelado, Morro. Sao Paulo. Near
Lindoia, 23-47b. S. ! Hoehne.
Pereque, Rio. Parana. Mun. Para-
nagua, 26-48a. S. ! Hatschbach.
Peroba. Santa Catarina. Near Ara-
rangua.
268
Pharmacépolis (of Vellozo). Rio de
Janeiro. Now Parati, 23-45d. S.
! Brade.
Piacaguera (Piassaguera). Sao Paulo.
An island in the delta just north
of Santos.
Picu, Serra do. Minas Gerais. The
Serra lying south of Itatiaia, col-
lections by Glaziou. ! Brade.
Near the boundary with Sao
Paulo and with Rio de Janeiro.
Piedade, Pico da. Minas Gerais. Near
Caete, 20-44b. S.
Pilao, Serra do. Santa Catarina. Near
Ararangua.
Pildes. Santa Catarina. Near Palhoca.
Pinhaes. Parana. Sao José dos Pin-
haes, collections of Dusén, 26-
49a. S.
Pinhal. Rio Grande do Sul. Possibly
the railroad station at 30-54b. S.,
collection of Palacios and Cuezzo.
Pinheiral. Rio de Janeiro. Indicates a
spontaneous stand of Araucaria on
Itatiaia, alt. 2000-2200 m., be-
tween Macieiras and Agulhas
Negras. ! Brade.
Pirajussara. Sao Paulo. Mun. Sao
Paulo, by Butanta. ! Hoehne.
Piraquara, Mun. Parana. 29 km east
of Curitiba.
Piratininga, Restinga da. Rio de
Janeiro. South of Niteroi, collec-
tion of J. G. Kuhlmann.
Pocao. Pernambuco. The locality at
8-37d. S., 28 km north of Pes-
queira. ! Pickel.
Pontanarri, Igarapé. Amapa. About
20 km west of Oiapoque on the
Brazilian side. ! Black.
Ponte de Pedra. Mato Grosso. The
locality at 14-57a. S., collection
by Hoehne.
Portoa. Baia. Across the bay from
Ilheus. ! Foster.
Porto da Caixa. Rio de Janeiro. Near
Niteroi on the Baia da Guanabara.
! Brade.
Porto das Canoas. Santa Catarina.
Mun. Sao Francisco do Sul, be-
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 126
tween Joinvile and the Parana
line.
Porto Dom Pedro II. Parana. On the
Baia de Paranagua. ! Asplund.
Porto Uniao. Santa Catarina. On the
Map at 26-51c. S., incorrectly
indexed.
Pouso Alegre. Minas Gerais. The lo-
cality at 22-46d. S. ! Hoehne.
Praia. See also the second capitalized
word of the title.
Praia Braba (Brava). Santa Cata-
rina. South of Itajai.
Praia Grande. Sao Paulo. The same
as the station of Moncagua or
Mongagua on the Sorocabana rail-
road line. ! Hoehne.
Prateleiras. Rio de Janeiro. On
Itatiaia.
Prazeres, Serra dos. Paraiba. Near
Triumfo.
Queimada Grande, Ilha da. Sao Paulo.
South of Itanhaém, 24-47d. S.
Queimado, Morro. Distrito Federal.
Quilombo, Rio. Sao Paulo. The lo-
cality at 24-46a. S., collection by
Doering.
Quinta da Boa Vista. Distrito Federal.
Quintas. Goids. Mun. Goias, 25 km
from Goids on the slopes of Serra
Dourada. ! Macedo.
Rats, Isle aux. Distrito Federal. Baia
da Guanabara.
Recreio dos Bandeirantes. Distrito
Federal.
Redentor, Estrada do. Distrito Fed-
eral.
Republica, Alto da. Rio de Janeiro.
Mun. Santa Maria Madalena, 22°
S., 1° 10’ east of Rio de Janeiro.
! Brade.
Retiro. Minas Gerais. Probably just
a shelter on the Fazenda do Dia-
mante, collection by Mexia.
! Bracelin.
Retiro, Morro do.
Near Petropolis,
Glaziou. ! Brade.
Rio de Janeiro.
collection by
NO. I
Retiro, Rio. Minas Gerais. In the
Serra da Mantiqueira south of
Itatiaia. ! Brade.
Retiro da Lagem (Lagen or Layen).
See Lagem.
Reutersberg. Rio Grande do Sul. 70
km from Porto Alegre, 10 from
Dois Irmaos, alt. 400 m., rain
forest. ! Rambo.
Ribeirao do Ouro.
Near Brusque.
Ribeirao do Tijuco. Sao Paulo. The
same as Rio do Tijuco, Apiai,
24° 33’ S., 48° 55’ W. ! M. Kuhl-
mann.
Ribeirao Grande.
Near Taio.
Ribeirao Pires. Sao Paulo. Mun.
Santo Andre, on the Santos to
Sao Paulo railroad. ! Hoehne.
Not in the Index but shown on
the Map, 24-46a. S. Collection
by Edwall.
Ribeirao, Ilha do. Distrito Federal. In
the city of Rio de Janeiro. ! Brade.
Ricardo Franco, Pico. Para, 2° 17’
590” N., 55° 56’ 47” W., collection
of Sampaio.
Rio do Restro, Serra do. Santa Cata-
rina. Near Orleaes.
Rodrigo de Freitas, Lagoa. Distrito
Federal.
Rola Moga, Serra de. Minas Gerais.
Boundary between Mun. Betim
and Mun. Brumadinho, 20 km
from Belo Horizonte. ! Foster.
Santa Catarina.
Santa Catarina.
Salto. Santa Catarina. Near Blu-
menau. Collection by Reitz.
Salto Alegre. Rio Grande do Sul.
Near Neu Wiirttemberg, collec-
tion by Bornmueller. ! Rambo.
Salvador. Rio Grande do Sul. The
same as Estacgao Sao Salvador,
formerly Kappesberg. ! Rambo.
Sanga da Anta. Santa Catarina. 29-
sod. S.
Sanga do Engenho. Santa Catarina.
29-50b. S.
BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH
269
Sanitaria, (Fonte). Sao Paulo. About
150 km from Sao Paulo on the
road to Curitiba. ! Foster.
Santa Cruz. Mato Grosso. None of
those listed in the Index. On the
Rio Paraguai and evidently the
same as Barra dos Bugres on the
map, 15-57c. S. Collection by
Moore.
Santa Felicidade. Parana. Mun. Curi-
tiba, 25-49c. S. ! Hatschbach.
Santa Isabel. Para. Now Joao Coelho
on the Belém-Braganga railroad
line, 1-48c. S.
Santa Luzia, Morro. Santa Catarina.
Near Brusque.
Santa Teresina. Pernambuco.
Palmares, 9-35a. S.
Santa Terezinha. Minas Gerais. Mun.
Ituiutaba, north of Ituiutaba on
the Rio Paranaiba, 19-5ob. S.
! Macedo.
Santo Antonio. Santa Catarina. Evi-
dently the same as Santo Antonio
da Ilha and Santo Antonio de
Lisboa, 28—49b. S.
Santos Dumont. Ceara. Now Aratuba.
Sao Bento. Pernambuco. The locality
at 8-35b. S., near Tapera.
Sao Bento (do Sul). Santa Catarina.
The locality at 26-49c. S.
Sao Caetano. Minas Gerais. The lo-
cality at 21-44b. S., collection by
Gardner.
Sao Cristovao. Distrito Federal.
Sao Francisco dos Campos. Minas
Gerais. Region of the Serra da
Mantiqueira, almost on the Sao
Paulo line, 22° 35’ S., 45° 24’ W.
! M. Kuhlmann.
Sao Gabriel, Rio. Espirito Santo.
Meets the northern Rio Doce at
about 19° 30’ S., 41° W. ! Brade.
Sao Ignacio, Serra do. Baia. Near
Sao Ignacio, 11-43d. S.
Sao Joao. Amazonas. 7-72c. S. Col-
lection by Ule.
Sao Joao. Parana. The locality at
25-40d. S., collection by Dusén.
Mun.
270
Sao Jodo do Piaui. Piaui. The locality
at 9-43b. S.
S40 Joao dos Barreiros. Sao Paulo.
Now simply Sao Jodo, near Sao
Roque, 24-47ab. S. ! Hoehne.
Sao Joao, Pedra. Rio de Janeiro. On
the Rio Paquequer in the Parque
Nacional, 22-43d. S. ! Brade.
Sao Joaquim, Mun. Santa Catarina.
The same as Sao Joaquim da
Costa da Serra on the Map, 50-
28d. S. Collection by Reitz.
Sao Jose, Serra de. Baia. North of
Geremoabo, 10-38a. S.
Sao José del Rei, Serra. Minas Gerais.
Error for Sao Joao del Rei, col-
lection by Glaziou.
Sao Luiz. Parana.
Grossa. ! Foster.
Sao Luiz de Puruna, Serra. Parana.
Mun. Campo Largo, 49 km from
Ponta Grossa, the beginning of the
campos of the planalto, 25-s5od.
S. ! Hatschbach.
Sao Marcelino. Amazonas. The same
as Marcellino, 1-67c. N. On the
left bank of the Rio Negro oppo-
site the Rio Xié. ! Schultes.
Near Ponta
Sio Miguel. Minas Gerais. Near
Vicosa, collection by Mexia.
! Bracelin.
Sio0 Pedro. Amazonas. On the Rio
Paduiri, 1° N. ! Froes.
Sao Sebastiao. Sao Paulo. The lo-
cality at 23-46c. S., near Cam-
pinas.
Sao Vicente, Campos de. Minas Gerais.
8 km south of Ituiutaba. ! Ma-
cedo.
Saquarema. Parana. Between Mor-
rétes and Alexandra. ! Stellfeld.
Sernambetiba, Restinga de. Distrito
Federal.
Serra. Sio Paulo. The same as Alto
da Serra.
Serra. See second capitalized word of
title.
Sertao da Lagoa. Santa Catarina. On
the Ilha de Santa Catarina and
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 126
evidently near or the same as
Lagoa.
Sete Lagoas. Minas Gerais. 60 km
northwest of Belo Horizonte, 19°
30’ S. ! Brade.
Silvestre. Distrito Federal. On the
Corcovado.
Sipd. See Cipo.
Sitio. Minas Gerais. On the railroad
south of Barbacena. Not indexed
but on the Map, 21-44d. S. Col-
lection of Sampaio.
Soberbo. Rio de Janeiro. Just south
of TeresOépolis and below the di-
vide of the Serra dos Orgaos,
22-43d. S.
Socavao. Parana. 30 km east of Cas-
tro, 25-5ob. S. ! Stellfeld.
Spitzkopf. Santa Catarina. Two dif-
ferent peaks, one near Blumenau,
a collecting locality of F. Mueller
and others, the other near Brusque,
a collecting locality of R. Reitz.
Suarao. Sado Paulo. Coast near Itan-
haém, 24-47d. S. ! Hoehne.
Sumare. Distrito Federal.
Tabunha, Fazenda da. Minas Gerais.
Vicosa in the drainage basin of
the Rio Doce, collection by Mexia.
! Bracelin.
Tagua, Morro. Parana. About 2 km
west of Caioba, 26-49b. S. ! Stell-
feld.
Taimbe. Rio Grande do Sul. More
usually Taimbesinho, 190 km
northeast of Porto Alegre, about
29° 30’ S., 50° W., alt. 930 m.,,
Araucaria woods, campo, cloud
forests, peat bogs. ! Rambo.
Taio. Santa Catarina. Evidently the
same as the Rio Itayo of the Map,
27-s5ocd. S.
Taipi, Ponte de. Sao Paulo. The
same as Itaipi and Morro de
Taipt, 24-46c. S.
Tambe (Itambe), Taboleiro de. Pa-
raiba-Pernambuco. 7-35c. S.
NO. I
Tapari. Para. About 25 miles up the
Rio Tapajoz from Santarém, 3-
55a. S. ! Dahlgren.
Tapera. Pernambuco. Railroad sta-
tion, 8-35c. S., collections by
Pickel. ! D. A. Lima. Not in
Index but on Map.
Taperinha. Para. Near Santarém,
collection by Ginzberger & Zerny,
probably a farm where they
stayed. ! Rechinger.
Tapes, Serra dos. Rio Grande do Sul.
Granitic range, north of Pelotas
and south of the Rio Camaquam,
about 31° 30’ S., beginning at the
Lagoa dos Patos. ! Rambo.
Taquaril, Serra de. Minas Gerais.
Mun. Belo Horizonte, collection
by Oliveira.
Taraira, Rio. Amazonas. Part of the
Brazil-Colombia boundary, flow-
ing south into the Rio Apaporis
about 50 km above its mouth, 1-
70b. S. ! Schultes.
Taraqua. Amazonas. The locality at
o-68c. S., collection by Pires.
Taruva. Santa Catarina. Near Ara-
rangua.
Tavares, Rio. Santa Catarina. On the
Ilha de Santa Catarina south of
Lagoa.
Theewald. Rio Grande do Sul. 70 km
northeast of Porto Alegre, foot-
hills of the Serra Geral, rain
forest region, alt. 500 m. ! Rambo.
Tijuca, (Pico da). Distrito Federal.
Tijuca, Barra da. Distrito Federal.
Tijuca, Restinga. Distrito Federal.
The coast west of Gavea.
Tijuco, Rio. Sado Paulo. Near Apiai,
24° 33’ S., 48° 55’ W. ! M. Kuhl-
mann.
Timoneira. Parana. The same as
Tamandaré, 25-49c. S.
Tinga, Rio. Para. On the Rio Cupari
about 45 miles from its mouth.
! Black.
Toca do Tigre. Rio Grande do Sul.
5 km from Itapoan. ! Rambo.
BROMELIACEAE OF BRAZIL—SMITH
271
Tomé Asst. Para. Japanese colony
on the Rio Acara and its tributary
the Tomé Asst, 2-48c. S., collec-
tion by Mexia. ! Bracelin.
Trinidade. Santa Catarina. On the
Ilha de Santa Catarina, collection
by Rohr.
Turma 23. Parana. Near Ponta
Grossa. ! Asplund. Probably a
railroad installation.
Uanari. Amazonas. The same as the
Serra do Uranari, near Sao Ga-
briel, o-67b. S. ! Pires.
Ubatuba. Sao Paulo. The locality at
23-45c. S., on the coast north of
Caraguatatuba and the Ilha de Sao
Sebastiao. ! Hoehne.
Umuarama. Sao Paulo. On the Plan-
alto da Mantiqueira, 22° 46’ S.,
45° 34’ W. ! M. Kuhlmann.
Utinga. Para. In Belém. ! Black.
Vaccaria. Minas Gerais. 106 km north
of Belo Horizonte near Cipo.
! Foster.
Val Veneto. Rio Grande do Sul. Near
Santa Maria, about 29° 45’ S.,
53° W., southern slope of the
highlands, rain forest region.
! Rambo.
Varadouro. Para. Probably refers to
a low habitat with a little water
rather than a locality. Collection
of Sampaio.
Vargem Alta. Espirito Santo. Mun.
Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, 60 km
northeast of Cachoeiro do Itape-
mirim. ! Foster.
Vargem do Cedro. Santa Catarina.
The same as Vargem do Cerro on
the Map, 28-40d. S.
Vargem Grande. Goias. On the upper
Rio Tocantins, 15-48d. S.
Victoria. Espirito Santo. Now Vi-
toria.
Viera. Rio Grande do Sul. Near Rio
Grande, collection by Archer.
Vila Ema. Sao Paulo. Mun. Sado
Paulo, by Ipiranga. ! Brade.
272
Vila Friburgo. Sao Paulo. Mun. Sao
Paulo. ! Hoehne.
Vila Mariana. Sao Paulo. Mun. Sao
Paulo, collection by Usteri.
! Hoehne.
Vila Nova. Santa Catarina. The lo-
cality at 28-4od. S., collection by
Reitz.
Vila Velha. Parana. A _ castlelike
geological formation, not a settle-
ment, southeast of Ponta Grossa.
Vista Chineza. Distrito Federal.
Vitoria. Pernambuco. The locality at
8 35c. S. Collection by Pickel.
Viuva, Morro da. Distrito Federal.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL, 126
Volta Grande. Parana. km 39 from
Curitiba on the road to Para-
nagua, 25-49d. S. Not indexed
but on the Map.
Vossoroca. Parana. Mun. Sao José
dos Pinhaes, a reserve of the
light and power company, 26-49a.
S. ! Hatschbach.
Xiborem, Rio. Amazonas. Evidently
the same as Xiborena of the In-
dex, collection by Luetzelburg.
Ypiranga. See Ipiranga.
INDEX
(Page numbers of principal entries in boldface.)
Acanthostachys, 177
ananassoides, 253
exilis, 177
strobilacea, 177, 178 (fig.)
Aechmea, 9, 192
Aechmea, subgenus, 205
alba, 224
alopecurus, 222
amazonica, 215
ampullacea, 217
ampullacea var. longifolia, 217
angustifolia, 209
aquilega, 191
aquilegioides, 191
araneosa, 210
armata, 218, 219
augusta, 190
aurantiaca, 181
aureo-rosea, 220
azurea, 209
benrathti, 217
bicolor, 12, 212 (fig.), 213
billbergioides, 166
blanchetiana, 13, 205
blanchetii, 190, 205
blumenavii, 213
boliviana, 209
brachycaulis, 202
bracteata, 255
brasiliensis, 214
brevicollis, 202
bromelitfolia, 14, 15, 19, 225
burchellii, 165
caesia, 216
calyculata, 222
candida, 12, 210
capixabae, 203
cartocae, 13, 228
castanea, 13, 228, 230 (fig.)
caudata, 21%
caudata var. caudata, 211
caudata var. variegata, 211
chantinii, 210
chlorophylla, 14, 226 (fig.), 227
chrysocoma, 191
coelestis, 211
Aechmea comata, 221
comata var. comata, 221
comata var. makoyana, 14, 221
conglomerata, 204
conglomerata var. conglomerata,
204
conglomerata var. discolor, 205
conglomerata var. farinosa, 204
conifera, 227
conspicuiarmata, 225
contracta, 216
corallina, 203
corymbosa, 202
crocophylla, 218
cumingit, 209
cylindrata, 221
cylindrata var. micrantha, 221
cylindrica, 209
dealbata, 216
depressa, 227
discolor, 203
distichantha, 213
distichantha var. distichantha, 213,
218 (fig.)
distichantha var. distichantha
forma albiflora, 214
distichantha var, glaziovii, 215
distichantha var. schlumbergeri,
214
eburnea, 183
ellipsoidea, 225
eriantha, 190
eriostachya, 225, 226
eurycorymbus, 207
excavata, 214
exsudans, 191
fasciata, 10, 216
fasciata var. fasciata, 216
fasciata var. purpurea, 216
fernandae, 227, 227
floribunda, 142, 212
fosteriana, 210
fraudulosa, 205
freidrichsthalii, 210
fuerstenbergit, 143
fulgens, 18, 203, 203
273
274
Aechmea fulgens var. discolor, 203
fulgens var. fulgens, 203
fusca, 184
gamosepala, 213
gigantea, 227
glaziovii, 215
glomerata, 188, 190, 204
glomerata var. farinosa, 204
gracilis, 212
grandiceps, 214
hamata, 216
henningsiana, 211
huebneri, 206
humilis, 206
hyacinthus, 221
hystrix, 223
inconspicua, 209
inermts, 210
involucrata, 214
involucrifera, 215
jenmamii, 209
jucunda, 215
kertesziae, 213
kleinti, 222
kuntzeana, 206
lagenaria, 224
lamarchei, 17, 224
laxiflora, 205
legrelliana, 217
leucolepis, 14, 228 (fig.)
lindenti, 221
lindeniit var. makoyana, 14, 221
lingulata, 208
lingulata var. froesti, 15, 208
lingulata var. lingulata, 15, 208,
212 (fig.)
lingulata var. patentissima, 15,
208
loesenera, 165
longisepala, 188
macrochlamys, 16, 210
macroneottia, 225
maculata, 15, 226 (fig.), 227
makoyana, 221
marmorata, 202
megalantha, 207
melinonii, 209
mertensii, 206, 207 (fig.)
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 126
Aechmea microthyrsa, 250
miniata, 203
miniata var. discolor, 204
miniata var. miniata, 203
mitis, 16, 205
mucronifiora, 206
multiceps, 190
multiflora, 227, 228 (fig.)
mutica, 16, 204 (fig.), 205
myriophylla, 214
nervata, 17, 224, 225 (fig.)
noettigtt, 250
nudicaulis, 219
nudicaulis var. aureo-roseda, 17,
220
nudicaulis var. cuspidata, 219, 223
(fig.)
nudicaulis var. microdon, 212
nudicaulis var. nudicaulis, 219
nudicaulis var. sulcata, 219
odora, 208
oligosphaera, 188
organensis, 212
orlandiana, 205
ornata, 223
ornata var. hoehneana, 17, 223
(fig.), 224
ornata var. nationalis, 224
ornata var. ornaia, 223
ortgtesti, 217
paniculata, 210
paniculigera, 209
parviflora, 141
patentissima, 208
pectinata, 218 (fig.)
perforata, 227
petropolitana, 250
phanerophlebia, 207
pimenti-velosoi, 218
pimenti-velosoi var. glabra, 218
pimenti-velosoi var. pimenti-velo-
soi, 218
pineliana, 222
pitcairnioides, 217
platynema, 142, 209
platyphylla, 214
platzmannii, 211
podantha, 18, 203, 204 (fig.)
polystachya, 214
NO. I INDEX 275
Aechmea polystachya var. excavata, Aechmea tomentosa, 18, 207
214 triangularis, 19, 224, 225 (fig.)
polystachya var. longifolia, 215
polystachya var. myriophylla, 214
prieureana, 206
pulchella, 215
pulchra, 225
purpurea, 171
purpureo-rosea, 208
pycnantha, 256
racinae, 205
racinae var. erecta, 205
racinae var. racinae, 205
ramosa, 209
ramosa var. festiva, 18, 210
ramosa var. ramosa, 209
recurvata, 216
recurvata var. benrathti, 217
recurvata var. ortgiesiit, 217
recurvata var. recurvata, 216
regelti, 215
regularis, 255
remotiflora, 205
reukartiana, 209
ridleyi, 191
rosea, 184
rubiginosa, 227
rubra, 215
rupestris, 217
salzmannit, 190
saxicola, 227
schomburgkii, 227
schultesiana, 210
selloana, 222
Setigera, 206
Sphaerocephala, 14, 227
spicata, 206
sprucei, 209
Squarrosa, 222
stelligera, 18, 207 (fig.)
stenophylla, 140
stephanophora, 228
suaveolens, 208
subinermis, 203
sulcata, 219
thyrsiflora, 206
thyrsigera, 213
tillandsioides, 215
tinctoria, 225
tocantina, 210
triticina, 222
triticina var. capensis, 19, 223
triticina var. triticina, 19, 223
turbinocalyx, 219
vanhoutteana, 222
victoriana, 205
viridis, 183
weilbachit, 203
wetlbachit var. leodiensis, 203
weilbachit var. weilbachii, 203
werdermannii, 207
wittmackiana, 215
wullschlaegeliana, 206
xiphophylla, 215
Aérobia, subgenus of Tillandsia, 78
Alcantarea, subgenus of Vriesia, 136
imperialis, 137
regina, 136
Allardtia, subgenus of Tillandsia, 9, 76
Ananas, 252
ananas, 253
ananassoides, 253
ananassoides var. ananassoides,
253, 254 (fig.)
ananassoides var. nanus, 255
bracteatus, 252
bracteatus var. albus, 253
comosus, 9, 253
comosus var. microstachys, 254
erectifolius, 253
fritzmuelleri, 253, 254 (fig.)
guaraniticus, 254
macrodontes, 251
nuicrostachys, 253
sagenaria, 252
sativus, 253
sativus var. microstachys, 254
sylvestris, 251, 253
Ananassa bracteata, 252
sativa, 253
Andrea, 172
selloana, 172, 173 (fig.)
Anoplophytum, subgenus of Tillandsia,
9, 78
amoenum, 86
binotti, 79
brachypodium, 86
276 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Anoplophytum didistichum, 78
guianense, 44
roseum, 81
strictum var. krameri, 82
Araeococcus, 140
flagellifolius, 140
goeldianus, 20, 140, 141 (fig.)
micranthus, 20, 140
parviflorus, 141
Aregelia ampullacea, 149
bahiana, 148
binotti, 156
burchellu, 165
carcharodon, 156
carolinae, 149
chlorosticta, 152
compacta, 149
concentrica, 155
coriacea, 153
cruenta, 153
cyanea, 151
elegans, 151
eleutheropetala, 147
farinosa, 148
indecora, 148
johannis, 152
laevis, 149
laurentii, 155
leucophoea, 152
longebracteatum, 153
macahensis, 150
makoyana, 156
marechalit, 149
marmorata, 157
microps, 165
morreniana, 147
myrmecophila, 147
olens, 148
pineliana, 147
princeps, 148
princeps var. phyllanthidea, 31, 148
rubrospinosa, 154
sarmentosa, 152
spectabilis, 147
tristis, 151
Billbergia, 9, 233
Billbergia, subgenus, 236
alfonsi-joannis, 247
Billbergia amoena, 10, 236, 238
amoena var. amoena, 238, 239
(fig.)
amoena var. minor, 239
amoena var. viridis, 20, 239
bakeri, 241, 242
bakeri var. straussiana, 242
baraquiniana, 247
binotti, 240
bivittata, 161
boliviensis, 247
bonplandiana, 242
brachysiphon, 247
bradeana, 237
brasiliensis, 244
buchholtzti, 240
burchellii, 241
caespitosa, 241
canterae, 247
chantinii, 210
chlorantha, 237
contracta, 216
corymbosa, 202
cylindrostachya, 248
decora, 247
distachia, 240
distachia var. concolor, 242
distachia var. distachia, 241 (fig.)
distachia var, maculata, 242
distachia var. straussiana, 242
elegans, 236
endert, 231
ensifolia, 241
euphemiae, 245
euphemiae var. euphemiae, 246
euphemiae var. nudiflora, 20, 246
euphemiae var. saundersioides, 21,
246
fasciata, 216
fosteriana, 21, 245 (fig.), 246
horrida, 240
horrida var. tigrina, 240
tridifolia, 240
iridifolia var. concolor, 21, 240
iridifolia var. iridifolia 240, 241
(fig.)
kuhlmannii, 248
laxiflora, 237
leopoldti, 244
es pe INDEX
Billbergia leptopoda, 22, 244
leucantha, 246
liboniana, 232
lietzei, 22, 244
linearifolia, 242
longifolia, 244
macrocalyx, 246
magnifica, 247
marmorata, 202
maxima, 248
meyendor ffii, 149
meyert, 246
minarum, 22, 243 (fig.), 244
minuta, 242
mitis, 16, 205
morelit, 245
morremana, 233
nutans, 242
nutans var. nutans, 242, 243 (fig.)
nutans var. schimperiana, 243
mutans var. schimperiana forma
rupestris, 243
odora, 208
olens, 148
oxypetala, 247
oxysepala, 247
pallescens, 238, 242
pallida, 238
paniculata, 210
parviflora, 141
patentissima, 15, 208
paxtonti, 245
pohliana, 237
porteana, 247
purpureo-rosea, 208
pyramidalis, 10, 244
pyramidalis var. bicolor, 244
pyramidalis var. concolor, 245
pyramidalis var. minor, 239
pyramidalis var. pyramidalis, 244,
245 (fig.)
quesneliana, 230
quintusiana, 246
regeliana, 241
reichardtit, 237
rhodocyanea, 216
rhodocyanea purpurea, 216
rubicunda, 248
rupestris, 246
Billbergia sanderiana, 236
saundersii, 21, 246
schimperiana, 243
speciosa, 202, 238, 239
thunbergiana, 240
thyrsoidea, 244, 245
thyrsoidea var. “B.” longifolia, 244
tillandsioides, 215, 257
tweedieana, 237
tweedieana var. latisepala, 22, 237
tweedieana var. minor, 22, 237
tweedicana var. tweedieana, 237
variegata, 240
viridiflora, 255
vittata 202, 237, 239 (fig.)
wacketii, 238
wiotiana, 238
sebrina, 10, 247, 249 (fig.)
zonata, 237
Bonapartea juncea, 96
vittata, 137
Brocchinia, 9, 54
cordylinoides, 54, 55
hechtioides, 55
micrantha, 55
paniculata, 55
reducta, 55 (fig.)
tatet, 54
Bromelia, 172
acanga, 174
ananas, 253
antiacantha, 10, 174, 255
aquilega, 191
arenaria, 174
argentina, 175
arvensis, 230
balansae, 175
binotii, 174
blanda, 232
carolinae, 149
comosa, 253
cruenta, 153
denticulata, 150
exigua, 176
exsudans, 191
fastuosa, 174, 255
fernandae, 227
glaztovii, 23, 175
goyazensis, 175
277
278 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Bromelia interior, 23, 176 (fig.)
iridifolia, 240
itatiaiae, 140
karatas, 177
laciniosa, 174, 175, 176 (fig.)
lagopus, 177
legrellae, 176
lindmanii, 175
lingulata, 208
longifolia, 142, 227
mertensii, 206
morreniana, 177
nudicaulis, 219
pallida, 238
pinguin, 175, 255
pyramidalis, 244
regnellii, 175
reversacantha, 174
rhodocincta, 149
rondoniana, 176
sagenaria, 251
scarlatina, 177
serra, 175
sylvestris, 251, 253, 255
sylvicola, 175
thyrsiflora, 206
tinctoria, 225
tristis, 151
variegata, 248
villosa, 177, 178 (fig.)
sebrina, 247
Bromeliaceae, 1, 2, 5, 7,8
Bromelioideae, 8
Canistrum, 181
amasonicum, 186
aurantiacum, 18%
binotii, 184
cruentum, 186
cyathiforme, 181, 182, 182 (fig.)
eburneum, 183
fosterianum, 182
fuscum, 184
giganteum, 182
ingratum, 182
lindenti, 183
lindenit var. lindeniti, 183
lindenti var. lindenit forma elatum,
183
Canistrum lindenii var. lindenii forma
exiguum, 183
lindenii var. roseum, 184
lindenti var. roseum forma elatum,
184
lindenit var. roseum forma e.xi-
guum, 184
lindenti var. roseum forma humile,
184
lindenti var. roseum forma proce-
rum, 184, 185 (fig.)
lindenii var. viride, 183
lindemi var. viride forma elatum,
183
lindenti var. viride forma exiguum,
184
lindenii var. viride forma magnum,
183
lindemit var. viride forma parvum,
184
minutum, 186
perplexum, 183
regnellii, 181
rosewm, 184
schwackeanum, 181
superbum, 186
viride, 183
Caraguata lingulata, 138
vittata, 137
Catopsis, 9, 138
berteroniana, 138, 139 (fig.)
deflexa, 94
fendleri, 95
maculata, 04
modesta, 139
mosenii, 138
nutans, 139, 255
nutans var. erecta, 139
sessiliflora, 139, 255
Chevalieria comata, 13, 228
crocophylla, 218
gigantea, 227
grandiceps, 214
ornata, 223
sphaerocephala, 227
stephanophora, 228
thyrsigera, 213
Connellia, 44
augustae, 44
caricifolia, 45
NO. I
Connellia quelchii, 44, 45 (fig.)
Cordyline micrantha, 55
Cottendorfia, 9, 43
florida, 43 (fig.)
neogranatensis, 44
Cryptanthopsis, 178
navioides, 34, 179
saxicola, 34, 179
Cryptanthus, 9, 157
acaulis, 25, 160
acaulis var. acaulis, 160
acaulis var. argenteus, 160
acaulis var. bromelioides, 160
acaulis var. discolor, 160
acaulis var, diversifolius, 162
acaulis var. genuinus, 160
acaulis var. purpureus, 160
acaulis var. ruber, 160
angustifolius, 72
bahianus, 158
beuckeri, 161, 163 (fig.)
bivittatus, 16%
bivittatus var. atropurpureus, 16%
bivittatus var. bivittatus, 161
bivittatus var. luddemannii, 161
bivittatus var. moénsis, 161
bromelioides, 160
bromelioides var. bromelioides,
160
bromelioides var. tricolor, 160
carnosus, 160
discolor, 160
diversifolius, 25, 162
duartei, 23, 159 (fig.)
emergens, 165
fosterianus, 16%
glasiovii, 158, 158
incrassatus, 25, 162
lacerdae, 24, 16%
marginatus, 24, 161, 162 (fig.)
maritimus, 23, 159
minarum, 24, 161, 162 (fig.)
moensi, 161
morrenianus, 177
pickelii, 25, 161, 163 (fig.)
praetextus, 161
pseudoscaposus, 25, 159 (fig.)
pumilus, 160
schwackeanus, 159
sinuosus, 26, 160
INDEX
279
Cryptanthus suaveolens, 162
undulatus, 26, 160
undulatus var. purpureus, 160
undulatus var. ruber, 160
sonatus, 160
sonatus forma fuscus, 16%
sonatus forma viridis, 16%
sonatus forma sonatus, 16%
Cylindrostachys, subgenus of V riesia,
108
Dendropogon usneoides, 92
Deuterocohnia, 9, 45
divaricata, 45
longipetala, 255
mesiana, 45, 49 (fig.)
paraguariensis, 45
Diaphoranthema, subgenus of Tilland-
sia, 9, 90
recurvata, 91
Disteganthus scarlatinus, 177
Distiacanthus morrenianus, 177
scarlatinus, 177
Dyckia, 9, 56
altissima, 68, 256
apensis, 62
argentea, 65
augustae, 44
biflora, 64
bracteata, 70
brevifolia, 65
burchellii, 64
catharinensis, 63
catharinensis var. dentata, 63, 64
choristaminea, 65
cinerea, 68
coccinea, 66
coccinea var. deltoidea, 67
consimilis, 69
conspicua, 62
densiflora, 69
dissitiflora, 70
dissitiflora var. bracteata, 70
distachya, 68
distachya forma induta, 68
dusenii, 69
elata, 68
elongata, 68
eminens, 68
encholirioides, 63
280 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Dyckia encholirioides var. encholirio-
ides, 63, 66 (fig.)
Dyckia remotiflora var. angustior, 65
remotiflora var. montevidensis, 62,
encholirioides var. rubra, 64 64
ferruginea, 67 remotiflora var. remotiflora, 64
fosteriana, 69 rojasti, 62
frigida, 68 rubra, 64
gemellaria, 65
glaziovii, 248
grandifolia, 61
hassleri, 62
heloisae, 26, 65, 66 (fig.)
hilaireana, 26, 65
horridula, 68
interrupta, 68
kuntzeana, 62
lagoensis, 69
leptostachya, 62, 63 (fig.)
linearifolia, 68
longifolia, 62
longipetala, 255
lutziana, 7%
macedoi, 67 (fig.), 68
macracantha, 62
maracasensis, 71
maritima, 62, 63 (fig.)
micracantha, 67
microcalyx, 62
microcalyx var. inermis, 62
microcalyx var. micrantha, 62
minarum, 69, 70 (fig.)
missionum, 71
missionum var. breviflora, 71
montevidensis, 64
morreniana, 62
myriostachya, 62
niederleinit, 71
orobanchoides, 64
pedicillata, 56, 61%
princeps, 65, 68, 256
pseudococcinea, 70
racemosa, 71
rariflora, 64, 65, 69
rariflora var. cunninghami, 64
rariflora var. montevidensis, 65
rariflora var. “D. montevidensis,”
64
rariflora var. “D. remotiflora,’ 64
reitsii, 69
remotiflora, 64, 65
saxatilis, 71
schwackeana, 69
selloa, 61
sellowiana, 71
simulans, 67
sordida, 68
spectabilis, 42
subsecunda, 42
sulphurea, 65
tenuis, 62
tomentosa, 56, 61
trichostachya, 67
tuberosa, 66
tuberosa var. deltoidea, 67
tuberosa var. tuberosa, 66, 67
(fig.)
uleana, 71
ursina, 63
vaginosa, 65
warmingu, 7O -
weddelliana, 70 (fig.), 71
Echinostachys hystrix, 223
pineliana, 222
vanhoutteana, 222
Encholirium (Encholirion), 9, 41
augustae, 44
bradeanum, 26, 41, 42 (fig.)
corallinum, 130
densiflorum, 43
glaziovii, 42
hoehneanum, 42
horridum, 41
jonghit, 129
roseum, 131
roseum variegatum, 131
rupestre, 43
saundersii, 111
spectabile, 42, 43 (fig.)
subsecundum, 42
Euaechmea, subgenus of Aechmea, 205
Euvriesia, subgenus of Vriesia, 108
NO. I INDEX 281
Fernseea, 140 Hohenbergia stellata, 188, 189 (fig.)
itatiaiae, 140, 141 (fig.) strobilacea, 177
utriculosa, 191
Garrelia encholirioides, 63 Hoiriri bromeliifolia, 225
Gravisia, 191 kuntzeana, 206
aquilega, 11, 191, 192 (fig.) polystachya, 214
capitata, 192 Hoplophytum, subgenus of Aechmea,
chrysocoma, 191 210
constantinit, 192 aureo-roseum, 17, 220
exsudans, 191 calyculatum, 222
Guzmania, 137 coeleste, 211
altsonti, 138 cyaneum, 150
brasiliensis, 137 lindenii, 221
complanata, 78 lineatum, 221
cornuaulti, 78
lingulata, 138
minor, 138, 139 (fig.) Karatas acanthocrater, 155
monostachia, 138 amazonica, 186
obtusa, 122 ampullacea, 149
pleiosticha, 138 antoineana, 170
tricolor, 138 binotii, 156
vittata, 137 carcharodon, 156
carolinae, 149
Helicodea, subgenus of Billbergia, 246 chlorosticta, 152
Hohenbergia, 186 coriacea, 27, 152
augusta, 11, 190, 192 (fig.) cruenta, 153
billbergioides, 166 Se
blanchetti, 190 denticulata, PEM hc)
brachycephala, 188 ferdinando-coburgit, 170
fulgens, 167
innocentii, 167
johannis, 152
laciniosa, 175
laurentii, 154
legrellae, 176
leucophoea, 152
horrida, 189 makoyana, 156
legrelliana, 216 ia os
littoralis, 188 meyendor fit, 148
melinonii, 209 morreniana, 147
membranostrobilus, 189 neglecta, 170
olens, 148
capitata, 192
caruaruensis, 189
catingae, 189
disjuncta, 189
eriantha, 190
ferruginea, 190
gnetacea, 256
minor, 190 14
oligosphaera, 188 plumieri, 177
pickelii, 191 princeps, 148
polycephala, 256 purpurea, 168
pycnantha, 256 regnellu, 181, 182
ramageana, 190 rutilans, 168
ridleyi, 191 sarmentosa, 152
salzmannii, 189 (fig.), 190 scarlatina, 177
sellowiana, 190 scheremetiewti, 171
282 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Karatas spectabilis, 147
tristis, 151
Lamprococcus, subgenus of Aechmea,
202
chlorocarpus, 141
corallinus, 203
farinosus, 204
glomeratus, 204
glomeratus var. discolor, 205
miniatus, 203
miniatus var. discolor, 204
vallerandii, 143
Lindmania, 43
flaccida, 44
guianensis, 44, 45 (fig.)
micrantha, 44
neogranatensis, 44
Macrochordium, subgenus of Aechmea,
224
lamarchei, 224
lindenit, 221
pulchrum, 225
recurvatum, 216
vanhoutteanum, 222
Massangea hieroglyphica, 120
Mosenia sicarius, 181
Musa coccinea, 257
Navia, 9, 71
acaulis, 72
angustifolia, 72
caulescens, 72
crispa, 72
lopezii, 72, 77 (fig.)
myriantha, 72
Neoglaziovia, 248
concolor, 249
variegata, 10, 248, 249 (fig.)
Neoregelia, 144
albiflora, 151
ampullacea, 28, 149
bahiana, 148
bahiana var. bahiana, 148
bahiana var. viridis, 27, 148
binoti, 156
carcharodon, 156
Neoregelia carolinae, 149
carolinae var. carolinae, 149
carolinae var. tricolor, 149
compacta, 149
concentrica, 154, 155 (fig.)
coriaced, 27, 28, 152
cruenta, 30, 153, 155 (fig.)
cyanea, 150
eleutheropetala, 147
farinosa, 29, 148
fluminensis, 27, 150, 151
fosteriana, 147
hoehneana, 28, 150 (fig.)
indecora, 148
johannis, 28, 152
kuhlmannti, 28, 152, 153 (fig.)
laevis, 149, 150 (fig.)
leprosa, 29, 150, 151 (fig.)
leucophoea, 31, 32, 152
longebracteata, 154
macahensis, 27, 29, 150
macrosepala, 29, 153, 154 (fig.)
makoyana, 156
marmorata, 157
melanodonta, 30, 155, 156 (fig.)
morreniana, 147
myrmecophila, 30, 147
olens, 148
oligantha, 30, 153, 154 (fig.)
pauciflora, 31, 155, 156 (fig.)
pineliana, 147
princeps, 148
princeps var. phyllanthidea, 31,
148
princeps var. princeps, 148
rubrospinosa, 154
sarmentosa, 152
sarmentosa var. chlorosticta, 152
sarmentosa var. sarmentosa, 152
spectabilis, 147
tristis, 151
uleana, 31, 32, 152, 153 (fig.)
zonata, 30, 31, 155
Neumannia nigra, 256
Nidularium, 9, 162
acanthocrater, 154
affine, 171
amazonicum, 186
ampullaceum, 149
WO, I
Nidularium angustifolium, 171
antoineanum, 170
antoineanum var. angustifolium,
170
apiculatum, 32, 170
apiculatum var. apiculatum, 170,
173 (fig.)
apiculatum var. serrulatum, 32,
170
bahianum, 148
billbergioides, 166 (fig.)
bracteatum, 166
burchellii, 165, 166 (fig.)
citrinum, 166
compactum, 149
concentricum, 155
corcovadense, 171
cruentum, 153
cyaneum, 151
denticulatum, 150
denticulatum var. simplex, 152
eleutheropetalum, 147
emergens, 165
farinosum, 148
ferdinando-coburgit, 170
fulgens, 167
giganteum, 181, 182
innocentii, 167
innocentit var. innocentii, 167, 169
(fig.)
innocentit var. lineatum, 32, 168
innocentit var. paxianum, 168
innocentit var. striatum, 168
innocentit var. wittmackianum,
168
itatiaiae, 32, 169 (fig.)
johannis, 28, 152
karatas, 185
kermesianum, 172
laurentii, 154
laurentu var. elatius, 157
laurentii var. inmaculatum, 153
lindenii, 183
lineatum, 32, 168
loeseneri, 165
longebracteatum, 153, 154
longiflorum, 32, 169
macahense, 150
makoyanum, 156
INDEX
283
Nidularium myendor ffit, 149
microcephalum, 165
microcephalumi var. bicensis, 165
microps, 165
microps var. bicense, 165
microps var. microps, 165
microps var. pallidum, 165
minutum, 186
myrmecophilum, 30, 147
neglectum, 170
parviflorum, 166, 167
pauciflorum, 32, 170
pauciflorum var. pauciflorum, 170
pauciflorum var. sanguineum, 170
paxianum, 168
pinelianum, 147
porphyreum, 171
procerum, 171
procerum var. kermesianum, 172
procerum var. procerum, 171
pubisepalum, 165
purpureum, 149, 168
purpureum var. albiflorum, 169
purpureum var. purpureum, 168
regelioides, 169
rosulatum, 167
rubens, 171
rutilans, 168
sanguinarium, 156
sarmentosum, 152
scheremetiewti, 171
spectabile, 147
striatum, 168
superbum, 186
terminale, 32, 166, 170
triste, 151
utriculosum, 170
wawreanum, 186
wettsteinti, 170
wittmackianum, 168
Ortgiesia, subgenus of Aechmea, 216
legrelliana, 217
tillandsioides, 217
tillandsioides 8 subexserta, 217
Orthophytum, 178
amoenum, 33, 179
disjunctum, 33, 180, 182 (fig.)
foliosum, 33, 180
284 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.
Orthophytum glabrum, 180
leprosum, 180
maracasense, 33, 180 (fig.)
mello-barretoi, 179
navioides, 34, 179
rubrum, 34, 180 (fig.)
saxicola, 34, 179
Pepinia aphelandriflora, 54
Pholidophyllum zonatum, 161
gonatum var. fuscum, 161
Phytarrhiza, subgenus of Tillandsia, 9,
8&8
crocata, 90
monadelpha, 89
Pironneava floribunda, 142
glomerata, 190
platynema, 142
Pitcairnia, 46
albiflos, 51
amazonica, 54
anomala, 54
anthericoides, 52
aphelandriflora, 54
beycalema, 48
bradei, 52
burchellii, 52
caldasiana, 52
canaliculata, 51
caricifolia, 54, 55 (fig.)
carinata, 48
cinnabarina, 50
claussenit, 51
corcovadensis, 50
decidua, 52
dietrichiana, 51
encholirioides, 48
ensifolia, 52
flammea, 48
flammea var. corcovadensis, 50
flammea var. flammea, 49, 49
(fig. )
flammea var. floccosa, 51
flammea var. glabrior, 50
flammea var. pallida, 50
flammea var. roeslii, 50
floccosa, 41
fulgens, 49
funckiana, 47
Pitcairnia glaziovii, 52
guyanensis, 41
hypoleuca, 50
inermis, 256
kegeliana, 54
laevis, 49
lancifolia, 48
lancifolia var. lancifolia, 48
lancifolia var. minor, 48
longicauda, 51
macrocalyx, 48
maidifolia, 47
micrantha, 44
minarum, 51
morelii, 49
muscosa, 48, 51
nigra, 250
nuda, 48
oerstediana, 48
patentiflora, 48
pauciflora, 54
platypetala, 53
peoppigiana, 256
pruinosa, 51
recurvata, 256
roezlit, 49, 50
selloana, 51
sessiliflora, 52
sprucei, 53
staminea, 51, 53 (fig.)
staminea var. longicauda, 51
suaveolens, 52
subjuncta, 54
subpetiolata, 52
torresiana, 52
uaupensis, 53 (fig.)
ulei, 52
undulata, 53
viridiflora, 133
weddelliana, 51
xanthocalyx, 257
zetfolia, 48
126
Platyaechmea, subgenus of Aechmea,
213
Platystachys, subgenus of Tillandsia, 9,
95
geniculata, 136
Portea, 249
filifera, 250
gardneri, 250
NO. I INDEX
Portea kermesina, 250
leptantha, 250, 251 (fig.)
noettigit, 250
petropolitana, 250
petropolitana var. extensa, 250
petropolitana var. noettigii, 250
petropolitana var. petropolitana,
250
silveirae, 251
tillandsioides, 217
Pothuava, subgenus of Aechmea, 218
comata, 221
Spicata, 219
Pourretia aéranthos, 87
floccosa, 41
frigida, 68
inermis, 256
Prantleia, 178
glabra, 180
leprosa, 180
Prionophyllum maritimum, 62
selloum, 61
Pseudananas, 251
macrodontes, 252
sagenarius, 251 (fig.)
sagenarius var. macrodontes, 252
Pseudo-Catopsis, subgenus of Tilland-
sid, 9, 94
Purpurospadix, subgenus of Aechmea,
227
Puya, 9, 41
augustae, 44
floccosa, 41, 42 (fig.)
funckiana, 47
maidifolia, 47
quelchti, 44
recurvata, 256
roraimae, 44
Quesnelia, 229, 257
arvensis, 230 (fig.)
arvensis var. sororocabae, 230
augusto-coburgii, 233
blanda, 34, 232
cayennensis, 230
centralis, 231
chacoensis, 257
distichantha, 214
edmundoi, 34, 231, 232 (fig.)
Ouesnelia effusa, 202
enderi, 231
glaziovii, 203
hoehnei, 231
humilis, 231
imbricata, 231
indecora, 233
lamarcku, 257
lateralis, 34, 231
liboniana, 232 (fig.), 257
morreniana, 233
quesneliana, 230
roseo-marginata, 231
rufa, 230, 231
rufa var. sororocabae, 230
selloana, 172
skinneri, 231
Strobilispica, 232
testudo, 231
tillandsioides, 257
vanhoutteana, 222
vanhouttei, 222
wittmackiana, 215
Regelia acanthocrater, 155
ampullacea, 149
binotii, 156
chlorosticta, 152
coriacea, 153
cruenta, 153
denticulata, 151
innocentii, 167
johannis, 152
laurentit, 155
makoyana, 156
meyendor ffii, 149
morremana, 147
princeps, 148
regnellii, 181
sarmentosa, 152
Spectabilis, 147
tristis, 151
Renealmia disticha, 122
monostachia, 138
polystachia, 95
recurvata, 91
recurvata B, 95
usneoides, 92
Ronnbergia marantoides, 202
285
286 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Schlumbergeria brasiliensis, 137
Sincoraea, 178
amoena, 33, 179
Strepsia usneoides, 92
Streptocalyx, 141
angustifolius, 142
blanchetii, 205
currant, 144
floribundus, 142, 143 (fig.)
fuerstenbergti, 143
juruanus, 143
lanatus, 144
laxiflora, 205
longifolius, 142
orthopoda, 250
podantha, 250
peoppigti, 143 (fig.)
poitaei, 142
tessmannit, 142
vallerandii, 143
williamstt, 143
Thecophyllum cornuaulti, 78
Tillandsia, 9, 72
Tillandsia, subgenus, 9, 95
acaulis; 26, 160
adpressiflora, 77 (fig.)
aéranthos, 87
aéris-incola, 94, 97 (fig.)
amazonica, 118
amethystina, 126
amoena, 87, 238
anceps, 88 (fig.)
angustifolia, 95
araujei, 84
astragaloides, 85
atrichoides, 90, 91
augusta, 190
autumnalis, 85
bakeriana, 89
bandensis, 257
berteroniana, 138
bicolor, 87
blanchetiana, 13, 205
blokii, 136
boliviensis, 96
brachyphylla, 79, 81
brachypodia, 87
bracteata, 166, 257
Tillandsia brasiliensis, 257
brassicoides, 134
bromelifolia, 225
bryoides, 91
bulbosa, 96
cambuquirensis, 79
caribaea, 95
carinata, 124
carinata var. constricta, 125
citrina, 109, 166
clausseniana, 133
comatda, 257
complanata, 77
concentrica, 154
corallina, 130
corcovadensis, 135
cornuaulti, 78
crassifolia, 78
crocata, 90
cyanescens, 87
cyathiformis, 181
decomposita, 89
decurvata, 127
dianthoidea, 87
didisticha, 78, 80 (fig.)
distaceia, 241
distachia, 241
disticha, 122
drepanocarpa, 109
duidae, 76
dura, 78
duvaliana, 125, 132
elongata, 77
elongata var. elongata, 77
elongata var. subimbricata, 77
ensiformis, 127
erectiflora, 113
ernestit, 115
fasciculata var. fasciculata, 95
fendleri, 95
fenestralis, 129
ferruginascens, 95
firmula, 86
fluminensis, 78
gardneri, 78
geminiflora, 79
geminiflora var. geminiflora, 79,
80 (fig.)
geminiflora var. incana, 81
VOL. 126
I
Tillandsia gigantea, 115, 118
glaucophylla, 95
glaziovii, 134
globosa, 81
globosa var. globosa, 8x
globosa var. major, 81
glutinosa, 111
gontorachis, 126
goyazensis, 78
gracilis, 113, 115
gradata, 120
grao-mogolensis, 89
guttata, 132
heliconioides, 122
heterostachys, 127
hieroglyphica, 120
imbricata, 257
incana, 81
incurvata, 122
inflata, 123
itatiaiae, 119
jenmanii, 94
jonghei, 129
juncea, 96
juruana, 96
kegeliana, 95
krameri, 82
laevis, 49
lancifolia, 126
langsdor ffii, 82
latisepala, 84
linearis, 88, 90
lingulata, 138
loliacea, 90
longibracteata, 36, 124
longicaulis, 119
lorentziana, 78
lubbersii, 108
macropoda, 258
maculata, 04
mallemontii, 90
mandonit, 90
meridionalis, 82, 84
microxiphion, 87
monadelpha, 89
morrent, 118
multifolia, 78
nutans, 255
oligantha, 134, 135
287
Tillandsia oranensis, 78
orthorhachis, 77
parabaica, 125
paraénsis, 96, 97 (fig.)
paratbica, 125
parkeri, 94
parviflora, 95
parvispica, 95
philippocoburgit, 116
pityphylla, 86
platynema, 130, 132
platzmannii, 134
pleiosticha, 138
poenulata, 134
pohliana, 84
polystachia, 95, 213
polytrichoides, 91
procera, 113
pruinosa, 96
pseudo-stricta, 85
psittacina, 124, 126
pulchella, 84
pulchella var, disticha, 85
pulchella var. pityphylla, 87
pulchella var. pulchella, 85
pulchella var. rosea, 82, 85
pulchella var. saxicola, 86
pulchella forma surinamensis, 86
pulchella var. surinamensis, 85
pulchella var. vaginata, 86
pulchra, 85
pulchra var. vaginata, 86
pungens, 95
quadriflora, 90
recurvata, 91, 127
recurvifolia, 81
regina, 136, 137
regnellii, 78, 79
reticulata, 115
retrorsa, 89
rhodocincta, 78
rhododactyla, 108
rodigasiana, 109
rosea, 81
rubra, 108
sanctae-crucis, 96
saundersii, 111
saxatilis, 258
scalaris, 133
288 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Tillandsia selloa, 88
selloana, 127
sessiliflora, 139
setacea, 88, 96
simplex, 133
splendens, 123
sprengeliana, 81
streptocarpa, 89, 93 (fig.)
stricta, 82
stricta var. disticha, 83
stricta var. krameri, 82
stricta var. stricta, 82, 88 (fig.)
subimbricata, 77
subulata, 85
surinamensis, 85
tenuifolia, 95
terminalis, 166
tessellata, 115
tetrasticha, 258
tomentosa, 89
tricholepis, 89, 91
triflora, 86
triticea, 94
tuberosa, 66
tureri, 78
tweedieana, 109
undulata, 90
unilateralis, 133
uni-spicata, 219
usneoides, 10, 92, 93 (fig.)
variegata, 238
ventricosa, 135
venusta, 79
vernicosa, 258
viminalis, 133
viridis, 04
viscidula, 113
warmingii, 129
qwawraned, 131
weddellii, 89
windhausenti, 84
xiphioides, 78
Tillandsioideae, 9
Vriesia, 9, 97, 257
Vriesia, subgenus, 108
aerisincola, 94
albescens, 258
albiflora, 108
altodaserrae, 111
Vriesia amasonica, 118, 119 (fig.)
amethystina, 126
argentinensis, 113
atra, 129
atro-purpurea, 258
biguassuensis, 120
billbergioides, 109
billbergioides var. billbergioides,
109
billbergioides var. subnuda, 109
bituminosa, 132
blokii, 136
botafogensis, 111, 112
brachystachys, 124
brasiliana, 136
brassicoides, 134
brusquensis, 111
caldasiana, 113
carinata, 124, 125 (fig.)
carinata X?, 125
carniata var. constricta, 125
carniata X ensiformis, 124
carinata X incurvata, 124
carinata var. inflata, 123
carinata X inflata, 124
carinata X psittacina, 127
carinata X scalaris, 125
carinata X simplex, 125
catharinensis, 113
clausseniana, 133
conferta, 127, 128
conferta var. recurvata, 127
corallina, 130
corallina var. striata, 131
corcovadensis, 135 (fig.), 257
crassa, 116
decipiens, 121, 258
delicatula, 118
densiflora, 116
disticha, 122
drepanocarpa, 109
dusenii, 109
duvaliana, 122, 125
ensiformis, 127
ensiformis var. bicolor, 129
ensiformis var. ensiformis, 127,
128 (fig.)
ensiformis X incurvata, 129
ensiformis var. warmingii, 129
VOL. 126.
NO.
I
Vriesia erythrodactylon, 121, 125
(fig.), 258
INDEX
289
Vriesia longiscapa, 120
erythrodactylon * incurvata, 122
extensa, 136
fenestralis, 129
flammea, 134
fosteriana, 129
friburgensis, 111, 112
friburgensis var. friburgensis, 112
friburgensis var. paludosa, 112,
114 (fig.)
friburgensis var. tucumanensis,
113
funebris, 108
gamba, 129
geniculata, 136
gigantea, 11, 115, 117 (fig.), 118,
136
glauca, 258
glaucophylla, 95
glasiouana, 136
glaziouiana, 136
glutinosa, 111
glutinosa var. viridis, 113
goniorachis, 126
gracilis, 113, 114
gradata, 120
gravisiana, 108
guttata, 132
guttata X?, 132
haematina, 111
hamata, 129
heliconioides, 122
hieroglyphica, 120, 121 (fig.)
hoehneana, 118, 119 (fig.)
hydrophora, 120
imperialis, 136
incurvata, 122, 123
incurvata var. inflata, 123
inflata, 123, 258
interrogatoria, 133
itatiaiae, 119
jonghii, 129, 131 (fig.)
lancifolia, 126
languida, 116
leptantha, 109
longibracteata, 36, 124
longicaulis, 119
longicaulis var. secunda, 119
lubbersit, 108
luschnathii, 94
macropoda, 258
maculosa, 116
minarum, 116
modesta, 120
monacorum, 112
X morreniana, 127
morreni, 118
morrentt var. disticha, 118
mosenii, 115
muelleri, 111
neoglutinosa, 111
X obliqua, 132
oligantha, 134
paludosa, 112
paradoxa, 115
paraibica, 125
pardalina, 132
parviflora, 126
pastucho ffiana, 120
pauciflora, 121
penduliflora, 35, 120
petropolitana, 123
philippocoburgii, 111, 116
philippocoburgti X?, 118
philippocoburgii var. philippoco-
burgit, 116, 117 (fig.)
philippocoburgu var. vagans, 117
pinottit, 108
platynema, 129, 132
platynema var. flava, 130
platynema var. gracilior, 130
platynema var. libonit, 131
platynema var. platynema, 130,
131 (fig.)
platynema var. rosea, 131
platynema var. striata, 131
platynema var. variegata, 131
platzmanniti, 126, 134
poenulata, 134
procera, III, 113
procera var. debilis, 115
procera var. gracilis, 113
procera var. procera, I13, I14
(fig. )
procera var. rubra, 114
procera var. tenuis, 115
290 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Vriesia psittacina, 126 Vriesia sincorana, 108
psittacina var. brachystachys, 124 sparsiflora, 116
psittacina * brachystachys, 127 speciosa, 123
psittacina var. carinata, 124 splendens, 123
psittacina var. decolor, 126 splendens var. longibracteata, 36,
psittacina var. duvaliana, 125 124
psittacina var. erythrodactylon, 121 splendens var. splendens, 123
psittacina var. morreniana, 127 stricta, 116
psittacina var. psittacina, 126, 128 tessellata, 115, 118
(fig.) thyrsoidea, 110
psittacina var. rubro-bracteata, triangularis, 120
126 triligulata, 116
psittacina X scalaris, 133 tucumanensis, 113
psittacina X simplex, 133 tweedieana, 100, 112
racinae, 134 unilateralis, 133
recurvata, 127 vasta, 136
regina, 136, 136 ventricosa, 135
regnellu, 132 viminalis, 133
reticulata, 115 viridiflora, 133
x retroflexa, 133 vitellina, 109
rhodostachys, 122 vulpinoidea, 122
rodigasiana, 109, 110 (fig.) warmingit, 129
rostrum-aquilae, 122 wawraned, 131
rubida, 135
rubra, 108
ruschii, 118 Wittmackia glaziovii, 208
sanctae-crucis, 96 lingulata, 208
saundersii, 111, 112 odora, 208
scalaris, 133, 135 (fig.) patentissima, 208
sceptrum, 110 (fig.) Wittrockia, 184
schenckiana, 119 amazonica, 186
schwackeana, 108 azurea, 36, 186, 187 (fig.)
segadas-viannae, 35, 120, 121 campos-portoi, 36, 186, 187 (fig.)
(fig. ) minuta, 186
selloana, 127 smithii, 36, 186
simplex, 133 superba, 185 (fig.)
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BRRATUHR
This publication was erroneously marked "End of Volume,"
Publication 189, by Loeblich and Tappan, dated February 3, 1955,
is lio. 3 of vol. 126 and is the last number in the volume. No. 1,
by Lyman B. Smith (Publ. 4184), has not yet been issued.
+
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOLUME 126, NUMBER 2 ’
(Enp-or VOLUME)
THE ARCHEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTO-
LOGICAL SALVAGE PROGRAM IN
THE MISSOURI BASIN, 1950-1931
(WitH 12 PLATES)
By
PAUL L. COOPER
River Basin Surveys
Smithsonian Institution
(Pusrication 4188)
CITY OF WASHINGTON
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
APRIL 28, 1955
Te Lord Waltimere Press
BALTIMORE, MD., U. 8. A.
CONTENTS
PIPES OETA» SAEACTUES lucha di cl wisi sev elatcciens hotbed wlamicady leaky Wah a RL shea
HEN SES ORAS asa see echstttatcaian!5ye:@ ajeerdis « ‘oyhie a'ein, eaaieyalcad dial eatadlte = Satara. RI
Eee ee CEUCIENEAS is. apc i's icin eres & ensorn Sfaversurderer RREA Soa cue Aero
Eel Wonk: ,AR0! EXPIORALIONS: \. ...-4:o . siyteracignhe Saas searepetc eee ates cas
ROU te dm is ath dasicare)> onciacsd Je ararsih Dtaren’: aetna ta tnack Us chara cittes mie een ae
PES Sct al aE stony a’ daiycis vajoporact< Wore folrnyecesemrices: acl Ram ene tea) omen eee
UR Gr ieaek AEA WN ONAN, «sc Savane ep branu beh a: aheich ec onaeer snaps: aterteanie ee eens
NRA S NU FAS ts tela tinaacl gchar Xk « cage SRO: sche cael ne aa tela Sioa
SOOM OE EU IL ates taierzyoie. « steative,« wrayate Ges asc. quneysverevane hg si Sveaalels ele tens meas
Picldwarue ml PalcOMLOlORY. «|. ses se viig Aw isd & oe Aisles eangenre shud Coreen
acid wereiciny OtDer ASCNCIES 35.09 fs sid elbe ddd ale aclee Mee Rae eae eee
OB ea ear a EEN icing corsk on x b¥>,«ahoys’ otshatarowrarayaiayal inlay aay snare Sahetes aie Cee aetna
SUS aA Se persis rays nisr ct » eye shana, sre). arate mpeya/eraves alls + sushi toukpnalig ee hoe eke attemere
MILs YW RIA ee RR ee Sane ee St ee kee eee
Ne lnrtS col Maat eeterainrs i stricto chicos oral weserd. (seve ohe re tlcie ree reTe ORI ee a eee
WV, SeSELRER ES NS LGs oR ING hal 5 ian le cals Gis 's orBvaiads fate tegaty adalerian Mears
(COoseTe DUH Karl ee Oe WA Fis rel SEO eee MP Meee Eanes opie. em ee
ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
Following page
1. a, Excavations in a shallow camp site, 48FR23, Boysen Reservoir.
b, View of excavations in stratified site, 48CK204, Keyhole Reser-
2. a, View across Marias River toward a buried pottery-bearing site,
24TL26, Tiber Reservoir, Montana. b, Excavation in lower,
pottery-bearing occupational level at site 24TL26, Tiber Reservoir,
Wi Ropolech ic Oi te An ee eee APMC mnitomimdtG bem vonGeote
Chipped-stone artifacts from site 24TL26, Tiber Reservoir..........
Bone and antler artifacts from site 24TL26, Tiber Reservoir........
. a, Pottery sherds and shell bead from site 24TL26, Tiber Reservoir.
b, Part of site 48BH7, group of 23 tipi rings, Yellowtail Reser-
Gees 9
6. a, River Basin Surveys camp at Rock Village, 32ME15, Garrison
Reservoir, in October 1950. b, Excavated floor of circular
house in Rock Village, 32ME15, Garrison Reservoir.............
7. a, Cross-section view of slab-lined central fireplace in house, Rock
Village, 32MEr5, Garrison Reservoir. b, Aerial view of site
32ML1, Fort Stevenson, Garrison Reservoir, a year after excava-
Lismayeieever: Gasity SUPVEYS. «. scejccia W nsicss'de’s aie ni a shal amine
12
44
10.
It.
12.
I.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Following page
a, Bulldozer removing overburden in Trench 1 of Area B, Long
site, 39FA65, Angostura Reservoir. b, Excavation in Area A,
Long site, 39FA65, Angostura Reservoir, after removal of over-
burden: with ‘bulldazer.:). fegeet ss C4 seeks & es/iee cucu temuneedaas
a, Workers clearing site of rectangular structure in 39LMs57, site of
Fort Lookout trading post and prehistoric Indian village, Fort
Randall Reservoir, South Dakota. b, View of circular house,
after excavation, and general site surface in Area A of the Oldham
site 490CH7, Port ‘Randall Reservoir: scicc2 tie ewe recs ce ees oon
a, House floors at the Dodd site, 39ST30, Oahe Reservoir, after ex-
cavation of the earlier, rectangular house had removed part of the
later, circular house. b, Rectangular house underlying later,
circular house at Dodd site, 39ST30, Oahe Reservoir.............
a, Aerial view of Philip Ranch site, 39ST14, Oahe Reservoir, a
year after final excavation by River Basin Surveys in 1951. b,
Excavation of house floor in Philip Ranch site, 39ST14, Oahe
Resbeyotr? foo cbc odea edt er hele dates Ace eee a tee es eee
a, Rectangular house in early component of Cheyenne River site,
39ST1, Oahe Reservoir. b, Circular house in historic component
of Cheyenne River site, 39S5T1, Oahe Reservoir..............000-
FIGURE
Map of Missouri River Basin showing reservoir projects investigated
under the Inter-Agency Salvage Program as of December 31, 1951..
60
2
THE ARCHEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTO-
LOGICAL SALVAGE PROGRAM IN
THE MISSOURI BASIN, 1950-1951
By PAUL L. COOPER
River Basin Surveys, Smithsonian Institution
(Wirt 12 PLATES)
INTRODUCTION
The Inter-Agency Salvage Program in the Missouri Basin con-
tinued in operation throughout calendar years 1950 and 1951 with
a number of institutions carrying on investigations of archeological
and paleontological remains to be destroyed by Federal water-control
projects. Activities were on a larger scale than previously because
of augmented funds available to the Missouri Basin Project and
increased participation by State-supported agencies. Through the
combined resources of the various institutions, selected sites in II
reservoir areas were intensively investigated and many other reser-
voirs were surveyed more or less exhaustively.
The Missouri Basin Project, a unit of the nation-wide River Basin
Surveys of the Smithsonian Institution, continued its studies of
archeological and paleontological resources to be lost as a result of
the present water-development program. Previous summary reports
(Wedel, 1947b, 1948, 1953a, and 1953b) have described in detail
the history, organization, and general background of the Survey, and
repetition here is not necessary. Suffice it to say that, since 1946, in
accordance with various interbureau agreements and operating with
funds provided by the Department of the Interior through the Na-
tional Park Service, the project has visited and examined for archeo-
logical and paleontological remains many proposed reservoir sites
and has submitted to the National Park Service reports on the results
together with recommendations for salvage where this was deemed
necessary. During part of this period it also has undertaken intensive
investigation of significant sites to be lost.
This report is intended only as a brief review of progress made by
the Missouri Basin Project during 1950 and 1951, with summary
statements relative to the fieldwork of other agencies active in the
salvage program. It makes no attempt at reporting and evaluating
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 126, NO. 2
2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
total accomplishments during the period, since these will not be known
until the completion of studies still under way. I have attempted to
keep interpretations at a minimum, partly because they must rest
primarily upon preliminary and tentative statements by the research
men, who will undoubtedly in some instances revise their opinions at
later stages of their studies. Periodic progress reports and more
comprehensive summary reports, when available, have been the main
sources relied upon, and I hope that little violence has been done to
the facts and to the opinions of those who have compiled the reports.
The work of the Missouri Basin Project continued to be facilitated
by the freely given assistance of many organizations, agencies, and
individuals. Personnel of the Washington and regional offices of the
National Park Service, and of the Bureau of Reclamation and Corps
of Engineers, were consistently helpful. In the National Park Serv-
ice, various officials assisted in planning operations and provided con-
sultative services, especially in the field of historic-sites archeology.
Officials in the district and various field offices of the Corps of Engi-
neers and in the regional and field offices of the Bureau of Reclama-
tion contributed in many ways to the success of our fieldwork. In
addition to making information of all kinds freely available, both
agencies also provided various facilities, including space for field
headquarters and storage, and the loan of equipment. In the Fort
Randall Reservoir area the schedule for acquisition of certain tracts
of land was accelerated, and these were withheld from agricultural
leases to permit cost-free access for excavation. State agencies
throughout the Basin cooperated in every possible way, including the
provision of needed information and making their research and other
facilities available. The University of Nebraska, through its Labora-
tory of Anthropology, continued to provide office and laboratory
space and to offer the use of its library. Landowners were uniformly
indulgent in permitting excavations, often at the cost of personal
inconvenience, and they and other local residents were helpful to field
personnel in ways too numerous to mention. As in the past, the
Committee for the Recovery of Archeological Remains, representing
the anthropological profession, gave invaluable aid and support to
the salvage program.
In previous years, with a few notable exceptions, funds were pro-
vided only for survey and test excavation to determine the extent of
the salvage problem. In the meantime, construction on a number of
dams was proceeding apace, and the day when large numbers of sites
not duplicated elsewhere would disappear beneath the waters of the
newly created reservoirs was looming ever closer. Construction on
4° Ti2° 1102 loge 106° 104° 1o2° 1002
98° 96° 94° 92° 90° 88°
'
/ ‘
A
§ LBeE i a H | Absaroka 59 Kelley
\ (epee S A "ek A Tc Ht W MA T Osea 2 Alzada 60 Keyhole
¢ San. A N 3 Amherst 61 Kilgore
Pe ae \ <i ett 4 i =—— 4 Anchor 62 Kirwin 49°
; AS —— x Selaiae oreo Mm ( 5 Angostura 63 Kortes |
t ed. ane 6 Antelope 64 Loke Solitude
4 Se i N 7 Apex 65 Landon
5 -\ > = So oe 8 Bodwater 66 Little Bighorn
. 2 9 Boldhill 67 Long Pine
Ce 10 Beacon 68 Loretto
'l Bellwood 69 Lovewell
12 Bernice 70 Meadville
13 Bison 71 Medicine Creek
14 Bixby 72 Medicine Loke
= Gs) 15 Blue Horse 73 Merritt
= 16 Bonny 74 Middle Fork
it ee, = 2 17 Box Butte 75 Moorhead nae
47 ? ' es 18 Boysen 76 Mullen
A Ken ee x ae Brenner 77 Narrows
< S Brewster 78 Nelson Buck
3 (56) (9) el Broncho ; 79 Newlan
5 sf BS Bulteuanerees BI Nort
2 - e a orton
= BISMARCK \ oe 24 Bull Creek 82 Oahe
gneve 25 Cairo 83 Onion Flot
1 26 Cannonball 84 Oregon Basin
t 27 Canyon Ferry 85 Pactola
is 28 Cedar Bluff 86 Parks
aa 29 Cherry Creek 87 Philip
<a e a 30 Clark Canyon 88 Pioneer
31 Colwell 89 Plum Creek
45° t 32 Crookston 90 Pomme de Terre 45°
§ . ! og Crash 91 Ponca Creek
: ushing 92 Raft Lake
N Moreau R. 3 ‘ 35 Davis Creek 93 Red Gulch
J XN 36 Deerfield 94 Red Willow
2) » } 37 Des Lacs 95 Rockville
4 ‘I 38 Devils Lake 96 Rocky Ford
’ 39 Dickinson 97 Rosedale
pane Ke .O} ilwA\ = 46 Du Noir 98 Ross Fork
t | Edgemont 99 Shadehill
~S 42 Eldridge 100 Shell Creek
1 1 43 Eli {Ol Sherman
1 Ny 44 Enders 102 Sheyenne
a Vea 45 Ericson 103 Smith
432 River = ae ---%— 46 Fort Randall 104 Snowy 43°
LY 47 Garrison 9 F
S ‘ : ; 105 Soral Creek
} 48 Govins Point 106 South Fork
t 49 Glendo 107 Sparks
J) 50 Glen Elder 108 Stanford
ec 51 Green Grass 109 Sun Butte
S 52 Harlan County 110 Sunlight
\ 53 Heart Butte !1l Sweetgrass
\ 54 Hobson 112 Thacher
4 55 Hunter Mountain 113 Thief Creek
( 56 Jamestown 114 Tiber
we 57 Kanopolis 115 Trenton
\58 Kasinger Bluff 116 Triangle Pork
v 117 Webster
41° & 118 Wells
a 119 Whitetail eh
10 WwW NA 120 Willow Park
See 121 Wilson
122 Wray
5 © 123 Yellowtail
i LINCOLN ff See sl?
’ e 21)
a eS = .
@. °
/ Republican ae =f 3
COA a
e DENVER &
aha > (29) River ae
/ WW -—s> Z|
C Ss, River =
O [E oe Konsos R S S 0 U Rota. 5 /
<ae TOPEKA M | go
(~=5 1 JEFFERSON © ? Pa
os) { 1 ' CITY t=
(s7) eu” “oz nivel he
Sr x oO (
A S 7 Soden '
sas
Arkan ¥ 1 (0)
° 50 100 150 200 “N 4
372 MILES SNpe™ ;
4 379
' Na Cf Germ
' v4
RSP eS ae 1366
lize ass a Se I a 12-31-1953
8 106° 104¢ 1022 (00° 96° 96° 94° Bee 90°
Fig. 1.—Map of Missouri Ri i i i i
* 40 iver Basin (heavy broken line) showing reservoir proj Sj i indi i
Be. : 2 : jects investigated under the Inter-Agency Salvage P f D be: st. Numb : a i si re 7 tircles ind heol cals igati
in Sees ° : g g ge Program as of December 31, 1951. Numbers on the ma a 2 S ro: names in th eht. Circles indicate archeological investigation, and squ
dicate paleontological investigation. (Certain reservoir names have been changed since the compilation of the map accomp ae Rese EE ROSE SAE Tee } ee ; ee
City; Parks, formerly Rock Creek; Sun Butte, formerly Wilson; and Trenton, formerly Cylbertson.) anying the summary report for 1948. These are: Absaroka, formerly Mission; Beacon, formerly Bridger; Bernice, formerly Terry; Eldridge, formerly Taylor; Nelson Buck, formerly Beaver
ae
" er '
(aR 4K.
aia halide we fog Ya
fa N ; i a i oD i
a ‘ i
ee OTS Ff :
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, 1950—-I19Q5I—-COOPER 3
the three largest reservoirs in the Basin—Fort Randall, Garrison, and
Oahe—was in progress and on the first two had been for several
years. It was known that in the Oahe Reservoir alone virtually
hundreds of sites, many exceedingly large and showing evidence of
long or repeated occupancy, would be flooded. There in late pre-
historic and early historic times dwelt a number of semisedentary
agricultural groups, the remains of whose earth-lodge villages are
among the most impressive sites in the northern United States. Not-
withstanding the known presence of the many sites containing irre-
placeable data which were certain to be lost in the near future, no
excavation other than some small-scale test trenching and the emer-
gency removal of a mound in the Fort Randall spillway area had been
possible in previous years in any of the reservoirs on the main stem
of the Missouri River. With a substantial increase in funds ear-
marked for excavation in fiscal year 1950, and presuming that similar
funds would be available in subsequent years, the prospect of achiev-
ing a significant sampling of the doomed remains seemed much
brighter.
The funds were not only greater than in the past, but they became
available so late that there was little drain on them for fieldwork in
calendar year 1949. Consequently a sizable sum was unexpended at
the end of the fiscal year on June 30, 1950. The large carryover
permitted the planning and execution of a large-scale program in the
summer of 1950, despite the fact that the passage of the appropriation
bill for fiscal year 1951 was delayed until late fall. A similar state
of affairs existed on June 30, 1951. Such a situation is advantageous
for a program of summer fieldwork which of necessity utilizes stu-
dent labor, ordinarily available only if firm commitments for a full
season’s employment can be made. It is difficult if not impossible to
program effectively for the final quarter of one fiscal year and the
first quarter of the next without knowledge of what funds will be
available, and when.
In 1950, the Missouri Basin Project had six archeological parties
and one paleontological unit in the field. Of the former, one was a
reconnaissance team and five were engaged primarily in excavation.
An additional excavation unit, to investigate Indian sites in the Fort
Randall Reservoir, was planned but could not be activated because of
inability to obtain supervision for it. Accordingly, the only unit
functioning in that reservoir was one which was committed to exca-
vation mainly in sites of White origin. Again in 1951, there were a
single archeological reconnaissance party and one paleontological
4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
party, but seven excavation units were in the field. Of the latter,
two were at sites of White origin and five at aboriginal sites.
For the first time, in 1950 and 1951, Federal funds were available
for allocation to State-supported agencies, a number of which had
assisted in the salvage task in earlier years entirely with their own
resources. Under agreements with the National Park Service, agen-
cies in Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas,
and Wyoming undertook investigations in threatened areas during
both years. The Missouri Basin Project participated in this program
by recommending sites for excavation, by providing the agencies
with previously developed records relating to the sites, and by con-
sultation in the field.
For the Missouri Basin Project, the expansion of the program in
1950 and 1951 meant an increase in staff as well as in transportation
and other equipment and necessitated the acquisition of additional
working and storage space. Additions to the archeological staff were
made under both temporary indefinite and 6-month appointments,
and the laboratory and clerical staff was also augmented.
PERSONNEL
There were numerous changes in personnel during the years 1950
and 1951, largely because of the increase in funds available and the
expansion of River Basin Surveys activities. Of the professional
staff, Archeologists Richard P. Wheeler, Robert B. Cumming, Jr.,
and Paul L. Cooper were on duty throughout this period. Cooper
was designated acting field director in January 1950, after Dr.
Waldo R. Wedel severed his connection with the Missouri Basin
Project, and was appointed field director in October of that year.
Cumming was in charge of the laboratory until October 1950, at
which time he assumed the duties of a research archeologist. Frank-
lin Fenenga was appointed as an archeologist at that time and super-
vised the laboratory activities until the beginning of the 1951 field
season, when he assumed supervision of a survey party. Several
archeologists were appointed on a 6-month basis to lead excavation
or survey parties during the field season of 1950. They were G. Ellis
Burcaw, Walter D. Enger, Jr., Donald J. Lehmer, and Robert L.
Shalkop. All remained through or nearly through the terms of their
appointments except Enger, who left the project late in September
to return to school. Lehmer’s appointment was extended to March
1951, to permit the writing of a report on the site whose excavation
he completed in 1950, and he was reappointed in June to complete
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I195I—COOPER 5
the excavation of another site, begun in 1950. In April 1951 Don-
ald D. Hartle was added to the staff as archeologist. Two archeolo-
gists were employed during this period to excavate sites of White
provenience ; Thomas R. Garth served on the staff from July of 1950
to May of 1951, at which time G. Hubert Smith was appointed. Dur-
ing the field season of 1951, Dr. Waldo R. Wedel, curator of arche-
ology, U. S. National Museum, assumed supervision of one of the
excavation parties from June to September, having been detailed to
the River Basin Surveys for that purpose. Carl F. Miller was trans-
ferred from the River Basin Surveys staff in Washington, D. C., to
lead a historic-sites party from July to September. The River Basin
Surveys paleontologist, Dr. Theodore E. White, was on duty in the
Missouri Basin May 15—~November 15, 1950, and June 8-November 6,
IQ5I.
The laboratory and office staff was considerably expanded in 1950
and 1951 to handle the processing of specimens and records and to
perform other functions relating to the administration and technical
activities of the organization. Among the full-time personnel, Dean E.
Clark, in charge of specimen processing and protection, and George
Metcalf and J. M. Shippee, field and laboratory assistants, were on
duty throughout the period. A record clerk, Evelyn Bauman, and
an administrative clerk, Lawrence L. Tomsyck, were added to the
staff during the spring and summer of 1950. A second clerk-stenog-
rapher was also employed; Erma Jean Piest held this position from
January to June 1950, when she resigned to leave the city, and was
succeeded by Doris Winninger, who was appointed in July 1950.
Ina May Reagan, clerk-stenographer (secretary) resigned at the end
of March 1950, and was replaced by Clara Rehn. In the photo-
graphic department, Alva E. Nixon served throughout 1950 and until
March 1951, when he went into the armed service, and it was not
until early September that a full-time photographer, Nathaniel L.
Dewell, was appointed to succeed him. In June 1951, La Verna
Pendleton was transferred to the project from Washington, D. C.,
and during most of the remainder of that year supervised the routine
laboratory activities.
Others employed in the office and laboratory on a temporary or
part-time basis were Richard Holmes and Herbert Ball, draftsmen;
Rose Lee Cohen, draftsman and illustrator; Halcyon Harris and
Alice Rowe Bell, illustrators; and Lee Madison, laboratory helper.
Field personnel consisted largely of students from various parts
of the country, although local labor was also utilized where available.
In some instances, especially with larger parties, members of the per-
6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
manent staff or others, usually students, with previous field experience
were assigned as assistants to the party chiefs. J. M. Shippee assisted
Wheeler during both field seasons, except for about two weeks with
Fenenga in 1951. George Metcalf assisted Wheeler briefly in 1950
and Burcaw, Smith, and Hartle in 1950 and 1951, when he was not
leading a reconnaissance team in the Garrison Reservoir area. Those
employed as assistants during the 1950 field season were Donald D.
Hartle, with Lehmer’s party, and Harold McAllister, assisting Garth.
Shalkop was accompanied during much of his reconnaissance by
Gordon F. McKenzie. In 1951, Hartle was assisted by Lynd Esch,
Smith by Byron Houseknecht, Wedel by William Bullard, Cumming
by Harry Meyers, and Lehmer by Thomas Cummings and, briefly,
by Raymond Price, who also worked for a short time with Miller.
Edward Moorman, transferred from the River Basin Surveys in
Texas, also assisted Wedel and led a reconnaissance team in the
Oahe Reservoir area. Fenenga was assisted in his reconnaissance at
different times by Homer Aschman, Frederick Hadleigh-West, and
W. Raymond Wood. The paleontologist was accompanied in 1950
by Prentiss Shepherd and William Harrup and in 1951 by Harrup
and William Easton.
The field parties varied in size with the nature of the work and
the availability of labor. During the main part of the season, while
students were generally available, the average number of workers
with the excavation parties was 10 or 11, although there were some-
times as few as 6 or 7, and one party consisted of nearly 20 persons.
LABORATORY ACTIVITIES
As in previous years, the headquarters of the project were in the
Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Nebraska, and throughout
1950 and part of 1951 all laboratory activities were carried on and
much of the specimen storage was in space provided there. Some
specimens and most of the project’s equipment were stored in a build-
ing at the Lincoln Air Base during this period. Because of the rapidly
increasing bulk of collections and equipment, the expansion of the
staff, and the certainty that these storage facilities would soon be-
come unavailable through reactivation of the Base, the first floor and
basement of a store building a few blocks from the University campus
were acquired by lease early in 1951, and equipment other than
vehicles was immediately installed there. During the spring the speci-
mens and processing activities were transferred to the new quarters.
By the end of the year, the records and photographic departments
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I195I—COOPER 7
were functioning there, although the project office and a considerable
part of the research activities continued in the Laboratory of Anthro-
pology on the campus.
The increased intensity of field activities in 1950 and 1951 resulted
in a much greater flow of specimens and records into the laboratory
than in former years. This fact, together with an attempt to make
the basic-site files more nearly complete than had previously been
possible with limited personnel, drastically increased the workload.
Thus, the number of reflex copies of field records made and incor-
porated in the files was almost 25,000. Most of these copies went
into a control file and a file that is available for use in the field or for
loan to qualified persons outside the organization.
During this period 153,600 specimens were cleaned, cataloged, and
filed. Many of them required, in addition, such special attention as
treatment with preservatives or minor repairs to prevent their de-
terioration in storage or in handling during analysis. Restoration was
on a rather limited scale, partly because restorable pottery vessels or
other objects were not often recovered in the excavations and partly
because the time of qualified persons could not be spared for such
work. A number of partial restorations were made, however, and
two small vessels from mounds in the Fort Randall Reservoir and a
pot from a site in the Boysen Reservoir were completely restored.
Animal bones recovered by excavation were identified by the pale-
ontologist in the Lincoln laboratory, but bones identified generally as
canine, fish, and bird were sent out for more specific identification by
specialists, as were molluscan, vegetal, and White trade materials.
Additions were made to the comparative collections of identified ani-
mal bones and molluscan remains previously begun. It is evident that
the large mass of documented animal bone accumulated from various
localities throughout the Missouri Basin and from different time
periods constitutes a valuable body of data relative to the problem of
faunal variations in time and space. This opinion is fortunately
shared by the director of the University of Nebraska State Museum,
Dr. C. Bertrand Schultz, and an agreement was reached that, when
proposed new storage space became available, the Museum would
accept those collections for permanent preservation. That the gener-
ally unexploited potential of such material for cultural interpretation
may be considerable is suggested by a study made by the paleontolo-
gist on the staff of the animal bones found in certain sites from the
standpoint of the butchering techniques employed by the inhabitants.
The much-expanded excavation program during this period re-
sulted not only in a greatly increased quantity of specimens and
8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
records to be processed for incorporation into the files but also, be-
cause of an attendant shift in emphasis to preparation of technical
archeological reports, in the need for many photographs, maps, and
profiles for illustrative use in the resultant publications. As persons
qualified to perform this task were available, drawings of artifacts
were made to supplement the photographic presentation. Approxi-
mately 1,100 such drawings, mostly of specimens from sites in Medi-
cine Creek, Boysen, Angostura, and Oahe Reservoirs, were completed.
Photographs of specimens for use in plates made up a larger propor-
tion than previously of the more than 3,600 negatives processed and
the 13,000 contact prints and 500 enlargements made. The approxi-
mately 1,000 color transparencies added to the files were, on the other
hand, almost exclusively made in the field. In the drafting depart-
ment, scores of maps, ground plans, profiles, and other drawings were
made for inclusion in final reports, in addition to maps for appraisals
and the inking and tracing of field drawings for preservation in the
permanent record files.
The time of the archeologists in the laboratory was spent on ap-
praisal statements or detailed archeological reports, depending upon
the nature of their field activities. Because of the preponderance of
excavation in the field program, by far the greater effort was ex-
pended on detailed analysis of specimens and writing of technical
reports.
A number of mimeographed appraisals, containing recommenda-
tions for salvage in reservoir areas investigated, were transmitted to
the National Park Service, while others were nearly ready for distri-
bution as the period ended. Preliminary appraisals of Bixby Reser-
voir, South Dakota; Moorhead Reservoir, Montana and Wyoming;
Rockyford Reservoir, South Dakota; and Onion Flat, Raft Lake,
and Soral Creek Reservoirs, Wyoming, were distributed in January
1950. They had been completed in December 1949. Similar state-
ments prepared and distributed during the period were on the Sun
River Basin, Montana (including Nilan and Wilson Reservoirs) ;
the Jefferson River Basin, Montana (Apex, Brenner, Clark Canyon,
Kelley, and Landon Reservoirs) ; the Niobrara Basin, Nebraska (Col-
well, Crookston, Eli, Kilgore, Long Pine, Meadville, Merritt, Ponca
Creek, Sparks, and Thacher Reservoirs) ; Keyhole Reservoir, Wyo-
ming; Lovewell Reservoir, Kansas; and Narrows Reservoir, Colo-
rado. Preliminary appraisals of Alzada Reservoir, Wyoming, and
Little Bighorn Reservoir, Montana, were nearly ready for duplica-
tion on December 31, 1951. In addition, a supplementary appraisal
of the Moorhead Reservoir was written and transmitted.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50—-195I—-COOPER 9
A few brief articles based on the work of the Missouri Basin
Project appeared in print during 1950 and 1951, but comprehensive
reports of the results of fieldwork were either in press or still being
prepared. During 1950, two papers prepared by former staff mem-
bers were published. They were: “Birdshead Cave, a Stratified Site
in Wind River Basin, Wyoming,” by Wesley L. Bliss, in American
Antiquity, vol. 15, No. 3, and “An Experiment in Relative Dating of
Archeological Remains by Stream Terraces,” by Jack T. Hughes, in
Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society Bulletin, vol. 21.
Also published during 1950 was the “Proceedings of the Sixth Plains
Archeological Conference, 1948” (University of Utah Anthropologi-
cal Papers No. 11), in which appeared a number of brief papers by
members of the staff. A paper based on his excavations in the Oahe
Dam area by Donald J. Lehmer, “Pottery Types from the Dodd Site,
Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota,” appeared in the September 1951
issue of the Plains Archeological Conference News Letter.
A few reports intended for publication were completed during the
period but had not yet been printed by the end of 1951. They in-
cluded a report on the Woodruff ossuary, prepared by Marvin F.
Kivett (1953) on the basis of his excavation of the site in 1947; a
paper synthesizing data from the Oahe Dam area, by Donald J.
Lehmer (1952); two papers on paleontological subjects, one on the
Boysen Reservoir area, the other on the Canyon Ferry area, by
Theodore E. White (1952b, 1954) ; and a paper by White (19524)
on the butchering techniques of the inhabitants of two sites in the
Angostura Reservoir area as reflected by the animal bones recovered.
The status of reports uncompleted at the end of 1951 varied
greatly, depending partly on the schedule of excavations. The manu-
script of the report on excavations at the Dodd and Philip Ranch
sites, in the Oahe Dam vicinity, in 1950 and 1951 was all but com-
plete (Lehmer, 1954), while in other instances, where the first exca-
vation was accomplished during the summer of 1951, analysis had
just begun. This was true of the Oldham site in the Fort Randall
Reservoir, Fort Stevenson in the Garrison Reservoir, the Cheyenne
River site in the Oahe Reservoir, and the various sites in the Keyhole
Reservoir. In the case of the Rock Village, in the Garrison Reservoir,
where excavation was begun in 1950, additional large-scale excavation
was undertaken in 1951 to round out the picture of that extremely
important site. Reporting of the work of 1950 in Tiber Reservoir
was held in abeyance, since it was felt that additional work should
be done in a significant buried site, 24TL26, which had been inade-
quately explored. Analysis of the results at Angostura Reservoir
Io SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 126
in 1950 and previous years and at Boysen Reservoir in 1950 was well
along, but it was believed that a more coherent presentation of arche-
ology in the northwestern Plains would result from the incorporation
into a single report of the description of these areas and of the Key-
hole Reservoir, investigated in 1951. Similarly, although a summary
report on the historic sites investigations in the Fort Randall Reser-
voir was completed and made available to the historians of the Na-
tional Park Service, the compilation of a report for publication seemed
undesirable pending more definitive results from excavation and
documentary research.
Assistance was provided in the preparation of the report on the
extensive excavations in the Medicine Creek Reservoir in 1948.
Primary responsibility for the report on investigations accomplished
under his supervision had been assumed by Marvin F. Kivett, who
left the employ of the River Basin Surveys in 1949 and has since
served as director of the Nebraska State Historical Society Museum.
With the assistance of George Metcalf of the project staff, he made
material progress on the report, although only a small proportion of
his time was available for that activity.
Members of the staff participated in the meetings of the Eighth
Plains Conference for Archeology, held in Lincoln in November
1950, and in the sessions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences in
1950 and 1951. In addition, they made several appearances before
interested groups to explain the work of the River Basin Surveys.
Also in the field of interpretation of the program, occasional exhibits
were developed and installed in the project headquarters or in such
places as the observation building at the Oahe Dam. An exposition
of the salvage program in the Medicine Creek Reservoir, utilizing an
automatic slide projector, was developed jointly by the project and
the University of Nebraska State Museum and installed in the latter
institution.
The laboratory cooperated throughout 1950 and 1951 with the
various State agencies participating in the salvage program by pro-
viding maps, photographs, and site records, as needed, as well as by
making collections available on a loan basis.
FIELDWORK AND EXPLORATIONS
During each of the years 1950 and 1951, the field activities of the
Missouri Basin Project included archeological reconnaissance, in-
tensive excavation of selected sites, and paleontological exploration.
The primary emphasis was on excavation, but throughout each sum-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I1950-195I—-COOPER II
mer a survey team ranged widely over the Missouri Basin inspecting
previously unvisited reservoir areas and occasionally returning to
selected areas for more intensive investigations. Figure 1 shows the
locations of all reservoirs investigated as of December 31, 1951. In
1950, Robert L. Shalkop, accompanied most of the summer by
Gordon F. McKenzie and for a brief time by Willy Stahl, was in the
field from July 3 to November 22 reconnoitering reservoir sites in
the western Plains. He made the initial reconnaissance of Nilan,
Wilson, Landon, Apex, Kelley, Clark Canyon, and Brenner Reser-
voirs in Montana; Narrows Reservoir in Colorado; and Middle Fork
and South Fork Reservoirs in Wyoming. Additional reconnaissance
was accomplished at Keyhole Reservoir, Wyoming, previously sur-
veyed in 1948; at Yellowtail Reservoir, Montana and Wyoming,
where the most accessible areas were spot-checked in 1946; and at
Moorhead Reservoir, Montana and Wyoming, inspected in 1949.
The reconnaissance party in 1951 was led by Franklin Fenenga, who
was assisted at various times by Homer Aschman, Frederick Had-
leigh-West, J. M. Shippee, and W. Raymond Wood. This party
visited Lovewell Reservoir in Kansas; Alzada, Badwater, Buffalo
Bill, Bull Creek, Red Gulch, Smith, Triangle Park, and Willow Park
Reservoirs in Montana; and Gavins Point Reservoir in Nebraska and
South Dakota. It also extended previous surveys in Yellowtail Reser-
voir, Montana and Wyoming, and Sheyenne Reservoir, North Dakota.
Additional survey was also accomplished each year in the reservoirs
in which excavation parties were operating. In the autumn of 1950
Richard P. Wheeler and J. M. Shippee surveyed Io reservoirs in
the Niobrara Basin, Nebraska, and Robert B. Cumming, Jr., and
Shippee extended the survey of the Lower Platte Basin, Nebraska.
Excavation units in 1950 were as follows: At Rock Village
(32ME15), Garrison Reservoir, under the supervision of G. Ellis
Burcaw, assisted by George Metcalf, who also led a survey team
during part of the field season; at the Dodd (39ST30) and Philip
Ranch (39ST14) sites, Oahe Reservoir, under the supervision of
Donald J. Lehmer, assisted by Donald D. Hartle; at various historic
sites in the Fort Randall Reservoir area, under the supervision of
Thomas R. Garth, assisted by Harold McAllister ; at various sites in
the Angostura and Boysen Reservoirs, under the supervision of
Richard P. Wheeler, assisted by J. M. Shippee and briefly by George
Metcalf ; and at various sites in the Tiber Reservoir, under the super-
vision of Walter D. Enger, Jr.
In 1951, excavation units operated as follows: Fort Stevenson
(32ML1), Garrison Reservoir, Archeologist G. Hubert Smith, as-
I2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
sisted by Byron Houseknecht; Rock Village (32ME15) and Star
Village (32ME16), Garrison Reservoir, Archeologist Donald D.
Hartle, assisted by Lynd Esch; Philip Ranch site (39ST14), Oahe
Reservoir, Archeologist Donald J. Lehmer, assisted by Thomas Cum-
mings; Cheyenne River site (39ST1), Oahe Reservoir, Archeologist
Waldo R. Wedel, assisted by William Bullard and Edward Moorman,
who led a survey team in the Oahe Reservoir area; Oldham (39CH7)
and Hitchell (39CH45) sites, Fort Randall Reservoir, Archeologist
Robert B. Cumming, Jr., assisted by Harry Meyers; Fort Lookout
(39LM57), Fort Randall Reservoir, Archeologist Carl F. Miller;
and various sites in the Keyhole Reservoir, Archeologist Richard P.
Wheeler, assisted by J. M. Shippee. During this summer, George
Metcalf carried on reconnaissance in the Garrison Reservoir area
and also assisted Hartle and Smith on occasion.
In 1950, Paleontologist Theodore E. White, assisted during
most of the season by Prentiss Shepherd and William Harrup, in-
vestigated the paleontological situation in Bonny Reservoir, Colorado;
Angostura, Fort Randall, and Oahe Reservoirs, South Dakota; Garri-
son Reservoir, North Dakota; Canyon Ferry Reservoir, Montana;
and Boysen and Anchor Reservoirs, Wyoming. He also made a trip
to Ainsworth, Nebr., to obtain information relative to the paleonto-
logical resources of suggested reservoir sites in the Niobrara Basin,
Nebraska. In 1951, accompanied by William Harrup and William
Easton, he revisited Canyon Ferry, Garrison, Oahe, and Fort Ran-
dall Reservoirs, and also spent some time in the Tiber Reservoir, on
the Marias River in Montana.
COLORADO
Narrows Reservoir site——Archeological investigations in Colorado
by the River Basin Surveys were restricted to a reconnaissance of
about two weeks in November 1950 of the area to be affected by the
proposed Narrows Reservoir, in Morgan County. The dam site is
on the South Platte River 7 miles west of Fort Morgan, and the
reservoir will extend about 12 miles above this point. In this area
the river flows in a broad, shallow valley flanked by a gently rolling
plain covered by sagebrush and sparse short grasses. Only four sites,
three of which are above the maximum pool level, were found in the
course of an exhaustive search. Since all of them appear to be repre-
sented by superficial, scanty deposits, it appears that the reservoir
will have no adverse effect on archeological resources of any conse-
quence.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VO eL2Z6 pe NOS, Bleed
b, View of excavations in stratified site, 48CK204, Keyhole Reservoir, showing
numerous stone hearths.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOES £26; NO} 2 Ree
a, View across Marias River toward a buried pottery-bearing site, 24TL26, Tiber
Reservoir, Mont. Two excavation units are near center of photograph.
b, Excavation in lower, pottery-bearing occupational level at site 24TL26, Tiber
Reservoir, Mont. Marias River at right.
VOL. 126, NO. 2, PL. 3
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Reservoir.
s from site 24TL26, Tiber
Chipped-stone artifact
VOU. 126, INOl= 2) a Pieaaen
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
24 TL2 6d
= Wy
Bone and antler artifacts from site 24TL26, Tiber Reservoir.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, 1950—-I19Q5I—COOPER 13
KANSAS
Archeological work in Kansas by the River Basin Surveys during
this 2-year period was confined to reconnaissance of the site of the
proposed Lovewell Reservoir, one of the few proposed or potential
water-control projects in that State that had not been previously
investigated, at least briefly.
Lovewell Reservoir site—The Lovewell Reservoir, a Bureau of
Reclamation project, will extend approximately 6 miles upstream from
an earth-fill dam which will span White Rock Creek some 15 miles
above the point at which this intermittent stream enters the Republi-
can River. The valley here is fairly broad and is flanked on the north
by gentle slopes to the upland and on the south by an escarpment
from which steep slopes descend to the valley floor. Dense stands
of deciduous trees line the banks of the creek and its tributaries, and
some timber grows on the south slopes.
Two trips were made to the area during the summer of 1951—one
of five days in June, the other of four days in September—during
which all the terrain to be affected by the reservoir was examined.
Seven sites attributable to aboriginal activity were observed within
and near the limits of the future pool. Two of these (14JW204 and
207) are mounds; the remainder are occupational sites. With one
exception (14JW202), where. a few flint objects were found among
the debris of a modern homestead and may owe their presence to the
activities of a collector, the occupational sites (14JW1, 2, 201, and
205') yielded pottery fragments, seemingly representative of a single
complex. In one instance, however, concentration of sherds at one
end of the site and of stone artifacts at the other end suggests the
possibility that two components are present. Minor excavations were
undertaken in one of the sites (14JW1) by the Nebraska State His-
torical Society in 1937, but the main results of that extremely limited
work consist of pointing up the importance of the site rather than of
solving the problems to which it is relevant. Wedel has called at-
tention to the fact that the pottery resembles that from sites attributed
to the Oneota aspect (Hill and Wedel, 1936, pp. 40, 67; Wedel, 1935,
Pp. 227, 229; 1940, p. 337), and little can be added to his observation
until this or a closely related site has been more intensively investi-
gated. Judging from the relatively small collection from the Lovewell
Reservoir area, there are appreciable differences between the ceramics
there and those from the Leary site, the geographically closest site
attributed to the Oneota aspect which has been described in print
(Hill and Wedel, 1936). These include the predominant inclusion of
14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
grit as tempering; the presence of simple stamping on the bodies;
and, in the matter of decoration, a greater frequency of impressions
on the inner rim surface and a lesser frequency of modification of
the lip proper at 14JW1. Despite these differences in detail, however,
the general character of the ceramics and the presence of certain
other traits in the limited collection from this site seem to support
Wedel’s suggestion (1940, p. 337) of a fairly close relationship to
manifestations elsewhere which are identifiable as Oneota. The
clustering of sites apparently referable to this significant but unde-
fined complex presents the opportunity for its comprehensive char-
acterization and the determination of its relationship to identified
Oneota sites. The presence near one of the mounds of sherds re-
sembling those found on the occupational sites inspires the hope that
the burial complex of this cultural entity may also be ascertained,
although these structures may relate to some other manifestation.
MONTANA AND WYOMING
Archeological investigations were carried on by the River Basin
Surveys in 23 reservoir areas in Montana and Wyoming during 1950
and 1951. Nine of these reservoirs are in Montana, 12 are in Wy-
oming, and two straddle the Montana-Wyoming State line. In 1950
one excavation party was in the Tiber Reservoir on the Marias River,
Mont., throughout the summer, while another spent the period
July 20-September 24 in Boysen Reservoir on the Bighorn River, in
Wyoming. A 2-man survey party reconnoitered seven reservoir sites
(Apex, Brenner, Clark Canyon, Kelley, Landon, Nilan, and Wilson)
in Montana, three reservoir sites (Keyhole, Middle Fork, and South
Fork) in Wyoming, and two reservoir sites (Yellowtail and Moor-
head) on the line between these two States. In 1951 the only exca-
vation project in this region was at Keyhole Reservoir, on the Belle
Fourche River, northeastern Wyoming, where the party devoted the
full field season to the investigation of several sites. A 2-man survey
party inspected the Little Bighorn Reservoir area in Montana and
the Alzada, Badwater, Buffalo Bill, Bull Creek, Red Gulch, Smith,
Triangle Park, and Willow Park Reservoirs in Wyoming; this party
also completed the reconnaissance, mainly by boat, of the Yellowtail
Reservoir on the Montana-Wyoming line.
Alzada Reservoir site—The site of the proposed Alzada Dam is
on the Little Missouri River, in Crook County, Wyo., approximately
6 miles south of the Montana-Wyoming line. The dam, an earth-fill
structure, will create a 2-armed reservoir; the valley of the Little
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I195I—COOPER 15
Missouri River proper will have slack water for a distance of 6 miles,
while another arm will extend up the North Fork of the Little
Missouri to a point about 5 miles above the dam site. Both the Little
Missouri River and the North Fork flow here through broad, alluvial
valleys, but recent stream cutting is indicated by deeply incised stream
beds. The region is relatively dry, and the vegetation on the shale-
derived soils is sparse.
The reconnaissance of about 14 weeks in August 1951 covered the
entire reservoir area and resulted in the location of 12 archeological
sites, 9 or possibly 10 of which will be destroyed by the reservoir.
Most of the sites appear to be relatively unpromising, but three of
those which will be flooded yield rather abundant cultural materials
in deposits of some depth and warrant more intensive investigation.
At two of these sites (48CK229 and 231) numerous hearths were
observed, while at the third (48CK227), a deep camp site, materials
were found which suggest several occupations over a considerable
period of time. Among the artifacts collected from this last site is
the base of a point of Angostura type, found elsewhere in contexts
known to have an age of several millennia. It was with stemmed and
notched points characteristic of much more recent complexes. An-
other site (48CK22I1), so situated that it may not be destroyed,
yielded sherds of a pottery vessel, simple-stamped and with a thick-
ened rim decorated with diagonal cord impressions, which appears
to be related to wares found on the Missouri River to the east.
The results of the survey indicate that three of the sites to be lost
in the Alzada Reservoir can be expected to yield significant data for
filling in the cultural picture of this little-known area.
Apex Reservoir site-——The proposed dam site is on Birch Creek,
a tributary of the Big Hole River, in Beaverhead County, Mont. The
I-day survey in July 1950 revealed no archeological sites in the
narrow valley, almost 6,000 feet above sea level, which will be occu-
pied by the small reservoir. The presence of heavy silt deposits on
the floor of the valley, reportedly the result primarily of flooding in
the last decade of the nineteenth century, suggests the possibility
that construction activities will uncover remains of archeological
significance.
Badwater Reservoir site—The Badwater Dam is proposed for
construction on Snyder Draw, an intermittent stream in Fremont
County, Wyo. The reservoir site lies in an arid badland region with
scanty vegetation at the southern edge of the Bighorn Mountains.
The immediate area is unknown archeologically, and the survey ac-
complished little to alleviate this situation, for no concentrations of
16 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
cultural material were found that appear to require further attention.
The fact that the few scrapers and other stone artifacts found were
scattered thinly over the reservoir site suggests that camp sites or
other sites of intensive cultural activity are absent. The single report
received by the survey party of archeological remains in the vicinity
was of an aboriginal steatite quarry in the mountains a few miles
north of the reservoir location.
Boysen Reservoir site-—Boysen Dam, one of the earlier projects
begun under the Missouri Basin water resources development pro-
gram, will create a reservoir about 20 miles long in the Shoshone
Basin just above the point at which the Bighorn River enters the
Wind River Canyon to make its way between the Owl Creek and
Bridger Mountains. The dam was closed and water storage began
in October 1951. Timber in the area is restricted to the slopes of the
mountains and to the banks of the streams. The region supports
sagebrush and greasewood rather than grass as its predominant
vegetation, in which respect it resembles the Great Basin to the west
rather than the Plains to the east. Physiographically it is continuous
with the Great Plains and is separated from the Great Basin by an
unusually low divide. Sand-dune areas are common in the river
valley, and many of the occupational sites are found among these
surface features. Brief reconnaissance in 1946 and additional survey
of three weeks in 1947 had resulted in the recording of 75 sites in
and near the reservoir area. These consist of camp sites, often marked
by clusters of fire-blackened stones, “tipi-ring” sites, petroglyphs,
burials, and rock shelters. During the latter part of the 1947 season
a stratified deposit in a cave, 48F R54 (Birdshead Cave), near the
base of the Owl Creek Mountains was excavated. Although the arti-
fact sample recovered is small, cultural materials were found in all
levels and seem to reflect changes through time. It was hoped that
through additional investigation in the reservoir area the correlation
of more prolific single-component sites with individual strata in the
cave would become possible, thus establishing a sequence of more or
less exhaustively defined complexes for the region.
In 1950 parties from both the Missouri Basin Project and the
University of Wyoming investigated numerous sites in the reservoir
area, the former during only the later part of the summer. The
activities of the River Basin Surveys included search for new sites,
surface reexamination of previously recorded sites, small-scale test
trenching of some sites and more extensive excavation of a few, and
recording of numerous petroglyphs. Eleven camp sites, one rock
shelter, one workshop, four petroglyph sites, and a burial, all previ-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50-I95I—COOPER 17
ously unrecorded, were found. Test trenches were excavated in four
open camps, in a rock shelter, and at the bases of the exposures at
three petroglyph sites. At one petroglyph site (48F R12) charcoal,
burned areas, and animal bones were found to a depth of 3 feet, but
no artifacts were recovered; no indubitable evidence of occupation
was found in the tests of the other two petroglyph sites.
A month was devoted to rather extensive excavation of a large,
newly discovered camp site, 48F R84, the Wise site. A large stone-
paved hearth, 5 feet in diameter, and many small unprepared and
stone hearths were exposed in the site, which proved to be a shallow
one. The fairly large artifact sample recovered included rather
numerous projectile points, predominantly triangular and side-notched
with concave or notched bases; miscellaneous chipped-stone artifacts ;
full-grooved mauls; and pottery sherds, many of which belonged to
a single restorable vessel. Manos and metates appear to be largely if
not entirely lacking in the site. The sherds are mostly gray and are
fairly heavily tempered with angular stone fragments. The restored
vessel has a subconoidal base and is constricted only moderately
above the rounded shoulder. There is a very slight outward curve
just below the rounded lip. Both surfaces are unevenly smoothed
and there is no decoration.
At site 48FR23 (pl. 1, a), on the right side of Tuff Creek, an
eastern tributary of the Bighorn River, artifacts were abundant on
the surface and in the trenches excavated by the party. Numerous
hearths—areas of burned earth, clusters of fire-cracked rocks, and
basins lined and filled with rocks—were uncovered but, as at 48FR84,
no evidence of structures was observed. The artifact complex is
distinct from that of 48FR84 and suggests a markedly different
economy and probably an appreciable difference in time. Perhaps
the most obvious difference is the presence in great abundance of
manos and metate fragments, which were sometimes found in hearths
with other, unworked stones. Among the chipped-stone artifacts
projectile points, predominantly corner-notched, are rather numerous,
as are scrapers of various kinds except end scrapers, which are rare.
Also of rather common occurrence are choppers, averaging about fist
size and usually made by minimum percussion flaking of fragments
of quartzite cobbles.
The results of the work at 48FR23 and 48FR84, together with
materials from other sites in the reservoir area, suggest that at least
two complexes, characterized by different economies and probably
temporally separated, are represented. Judged from the evidence of
Birdshead Cave and other evidence pertaining to the sequence of
18 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
artifact types in the western Plains, the complex—or predominant
complex if the site has been occupied more than once—at 48F R23 is
probably the earlier. The abundance of manos and metates suggests
a heavy reliance on gathering, perhaps in contrast to a primarily
hunting orientation on the part of the inhabitants of 48F R84. Labora-
tory analysis of the collections from these two sites and from others
in the area may permit the definition of still other complexes and go
a long way toward outlining the history of the exploitation of this
little-known area over what will undoubtedly prove to be many
centuries of occupation.
Brenner Reservoir site—This reservoir, to be created by an earth-
fill dam on Horse Prairie Creek in Beaverhead County, Mont., will
flood approximately 750 acres. Five small surface camp sites, yield-
ing scattered flint artifacts, were found in the area during the 2-day
reconnaissance in July 1950. The yield of artifacts from all the sites
was very scanty, and the evidence indicates that in every case the
cultural deposits are thin and do not require further attention.
Buffalo Bill Reservoir site—This project, on the Shoshone River
in Park County, Wyo., consists of an enlargement of an existing
reservoir. It was visited by the reconnaissance party during a single
day in June 1951. Examination of the terrain that will be flooded
by the increased water storage failed to reveal any evidence of aborigi-
nal occupation.
Bull Creek Reservoir site—The site of the dam that will create
this reservoir lies about 5 miles southwest of Buffalo, Wyo., on Bull
Creek, an intermittent tributary of Clear Creek in the Powder River
drainage. It lies in the eastern foothills of the Bighorn Mountains,
and vegetationally it is characterized by sparse short grasses and a
lack of trees. Five sites of archeological interest were observed by
the reconnaissance party during two inspections of the few-hundred-
acre area in June 1951. Two of these consist of numerous stone
circles—approximately 25 circles in one site (48JO201), approxi-
mately 100 in the other (48JO204)—and yielded chipped-stone arti-
facts, and another is a series of small stone cairns which may cover
burials. The two remaining sites are a single isolated stone circle
and a small camp. In view of our lack of knowledge relative to the
prehistory of this vicinity and of “tipi-ring” sites in general, some
further investigation of at least two of these sites would be desirable.
Clark Canyon Reservoir site—The dam site is on the Beaverhead
River just below the junction of Red Rock and Horse Prairie Creeks,
in Beaverhead County, Mont., approximately 18 miles southwest of
the town of Dillon. The reservoir will cover an area of approxi-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, IQ50-I19Q5I—COOPER 19
mately 5,000 acres, much of which is a relatively wide, flat valley
bordered by rugged, sagebrush-covered hills. Four camp sites,
marked by a thin scattering of stone artifacts and chips on the surface,
appear to be the result of brief occupations. None of them is be-
lieved to contain deposits of any depth. Several sites, apparently of
similar nature, are known to exist along the Beaverhead River below
the dam site. Among the artifacts and flakes from these sites, as from
some of the sites in the reservoir area, obsidian occurs frequently.
Kelley Reservoir site——The proposed reservoir will be on Rattle-
snake Creek, a tributary of the Beaverhead River, in Beaverhead
County, Mont. The flat valley floor is bordered by steep, pine-clad
slopes, and locations suitable for occupational sites are few. No loca-
tions of archeological interest were found during the 1-day recon-
naissance in July 1950, and local residents reported having found no
aboriginal materials in the immediate vicinity.
Keyhole Reservoir site-——Keyhole Dam, under construction in 1951,
is on the Belle Fourche River, in Crook County, Wyo. The reservoir
will occupy the main valley for an airline distance of approximately
Iz miles and will drown the lower reaches of six intermittent tribu-
taries. Two markedly different types of terrain are found along this
stretch of the river. The upper part of the reservoir is flanked by
extensively eroded buttes and hills which support short grasses and
sagebrush, while the topography adjoining the river nearer the dam
is characterized by rugged hills and ridges covered by pines and
junipers.
Twenty-nine sites were recorded during a 5-day examination of
the more accessible and promising parts of the area in September
1948. During the period October 7~November 1, 1950, a 2-man re-
connaissance party led by Robert L. Shalkop re-examined previously
recorded sites and discovered 17 additional ones in the course of a
rather comprehensive coverage of the area. A party under the super-
vision of Richard P. Wheeler was in the Keyhole Reservoir area
from June 25 to September 25, 1951, primarily for the purpose of
excavating the most significant sites. During this season 13 new
sites were found. Most of the 59 recorded sites are open camps, but
two stratified rock shelters, three workshops, and a quarry site are
among the total. Six sites were more or less extensively excavated
by the Wheeler party; these included the two known rock shelters
and four open camp sites.
At 48CK47 (Miller Creek site), an extensive camp on a low
terrace in the upper part of the reservoir, an unprepared hearth and
a stone hearth were uncovered in a shallow occupational deposit. The
20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
artifacts recovered include side-notched and corner-notched points,
a milling slab, a perforated silver concha, and a small sample of smooth
and simple-stamped sherds. Among the last are rims which re-
semble some from site 39FA83, in the Angostura Reservoir area, in
having a slightly S-shaped profile and bearing horizontal incised lines
on their exterior surfaces; these specimens differ, however, in having
oblique incised lines on the lip. The presence of corner-notched
points, on the one hand, and of side-notched points and simple-
stamped pottery, on the other, suggests more than one occupation,
each of which was evidently brief.
Site 8CK 46, an open camp site on a pine-covered ridge bordering
Deer Creek, proved to contain numerous stone hearths, basin- or
bowl-shaped, and stone-filled roasting pits sometimes more than 2
feet deep. The artifact collection includes corner-notched projectile
points and lacks pottery.
Site 48CK13 appears on typological grounds to have been occupied
two or three times, although no stratigraphic separation was observ-
able. Hearths uncovered include both unprepared and rock-lined,
basin-shaped types. The projectile points are of three distinct kinds—
lanceolate with basal notches, side-notched and basally notched, and
corner-notched. The lanceolate points from the site are like those
recovered in the two rock shelters excavated by Wheeler, and dis-
cussed below, and by a University of Wyoming party in the lower
level of a very productive open camp site, 48CK7, on the right side
of the Belle Fourche River below the mouth of Wind Creek. These
points have been described as a type under the name “McKean
Lanceolate’’ by Wheeler (Wheeler, 1952).
Rather small-scale excavations were undertaken at site 48F R209,
on a high terrace south of the Belle Fourche River and east of Wind
Creek. In the vicinity of a single unprepared hearth and a nearby
post hole were found several stone artifacts, including corner-notched,
concave-based points, large pointed oval blades, and scrapers, and
two antler fragments which may have been flakers. A very small
camp site seems to be indicated by the evidence.
Perhaps the most significant excavations by the River Basin Sur-
veys party were in two rock shelters, 48CK4 (Belle Rockshelter) and
48CK204 (Mule Creek site), both within about a mile of the dam
site. Intensive excavation revealed that points of the McKean type
were present in the lower levels of both and that later forms charac-
terized the overlying deposits. In both sites the stratigraphic situation
was rather obscure throughout most of the relatively shallow de-
posits, but in each instance evidence was found to establish the pri-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I195I—COOPER 21
ority of the McKean point. At 48CK204 (pl. 1, 0), for example,
three of these points and a stemmed and basally notched point were
found with a stone hearth just above bedrock, while above an over-
lying rock fall, upon which lay several later stone hearths, was a side-
notched triangular point. At 48CK4, too, triangular points were
recovered from the deposits which overlay those containing points
of lanceolate form. An additional element was present in the later
deposits of 48CK204. A number of cord-marked sherds were re-
covered. They include a fragment of rim with one of what was
probably a series of somewhat vertically elongated punctations creat-
ing nodes on the interior of the vessel a short distance below the lip.
This pottery is probably assignable to some Woodland variant with
relationships primarily to the east. Charcoal was collected from the
various levels of these two sites, and samples from hearths in the
lower levels of both were submitted for radiocarbon dating. They
yielded a date of 2790+ 350 years ago for the lower level of 48CK204
and an average date of 1646+200 for the corresponding horizon in
48CK4. It would appear that these dates must be regarded with
some skepticism. Since the association of the charcoal with an ap-
parently identical complex at the two sites seems certain, the time
difference of more than a thousand years is not archeologically ac-
ceptable. Furthermore, either figure seems somewhat low in the light
of the stratigraphic positions of specimens resembling the McKean
point found elsewhere, as at Signal Butte, western Nebraska, and
Pictograph Cave, near Billings, Mont.
Landon Reservoir site-—The Landon Dam site is on Blacktail Deer
Creek, about 15 miles southeast of Dillon, in Beaverhead County,
Mont. The site of the reservoir, which will be approximately 2 miles
long, includes an extensive, fairly level terrace which would seem to
be well adapted to aboriginal occupation, but only four small, thinly
occupied camp sites were discovered. Only one or two artifacts were
collected from each of the sites. More numerous and apparently more
prolific sites are found along the creek just below the reservoir area,
and collections of artifacts from nearby sites are in the possession of
local residents.
Little Bighorn Reservoir site—This reservoir will flood approxi-
mately three miles of the Little Bighorn River in Big Horn County,
Mont., at a point about 4o miles northwest of Sheridan, Wyo. It
will be located in a region of low, rolling hills just below the canyon
of the Bighorn Mountains through which the river flows. The hills
are scantily covered with short grasses, while the valley floor sup-
ports a heavy growth of small trees, and the general area is one which
22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
would be favorable for peoples with a hunting and gathering economy.
Bad weather limited the July 1951 reconnaissance to less than two
days, and it seems certain that further search of the terrain will
reveal additional archeological remains. Of the three sites found
during the incomplete survey, two appear to be of exceptional im-
portance; the third is a small, briefly inhabited camp site. Both of
the more significant sites are large, contain hearths, and yield cultural
materials in quantities which betoken occupation of some intensity
and duration. The basal portion of a Plainview point and two end
scrapers like some which have been found elsewhere in old contexts
were collected from the surface of one (24BH202). The point
fragments found at the second site (24BH201) suggest a later
complex.
Middle Fork Reservoir site1—The proposed dam, on the Middle
Fork of the Powder River approximately 12 miles southwest of
Kaycee in Johnson County, Wyo., will form a reservoir about 6 miles
long. The valley to be flooded is in general broad and flat-floored and
is bordered by sheer sandstone cliffs or steep-sided bluffs. A 9-day
reconnaissance in August and September 1950 covered the entire
reservoir area, and since the vegetation cover was not heavy it is
believed that all exposed sites were found. Sixteen locations of
archeological interest were recorded; 11 are camp sites, I is a “tipi
ring,” 2 are groups of petroglyphs, 1 is a rock shelter which contains
evidence of occupation, and I is a camp site with adjacent petroglyphs.
Several of the camp sites yielded rather abundant surface collections
of stonework, and some will probably prove to have deposits of some
depth. Projectile points are exceedingly rare among the materials
recovered by the reconnaissance party, but a local collection, reported
to be exclusively from Johnson County, contains large numbers of
points of several types characteristic of different complexes and time
levels. Among these are specimens which appear to be representative
of the Plainview and other early types and, at the other end of the
time scale, specimens of iron and copper. Seven sites in this reser-
voir have been recommended for further investigation. Four (48JO2,
II, 12, and 15) are camp sites, two (48JO4 and 6) are petroglyphs,
and one (48JO3) is an occupied rock shelter with petroglyphs.
Moorhead Reservoir site—The Moorhead Reservoir, to be created
by a dam situated near Moorhead, Mont., will flood approximately
32 miles of the Powder River in Powder River County, Mont., and
Campbell and Sheridan Counties, Wyo. In 1949, five days were spent
1 In 1952 the name of this project was changed to Hole-in-the-Wall Reservoir.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I1950-I95I—COOPER 23
in careful examination of the lower end of the reservoir area and in
spot checks along the right side of the river (Wedel, 1953b, pp. 84-
85;). In 1950 the reconnaissance of the area to be inundated was com-
pleted during a period of approximately a month which was punctu-
ated by bad weather. In all, 18 locations of archeological significance
were recorded within or at the border of the future pool. Three of
these are sites composed of from one to three “tipi rings,” and the
remainder are camp sites varying in size and in the abundance of
cultural materials found on the surface. All the sites appear to be
nonceramic. Cultural debris was lacking on the surface of the “tipi-
ring” sites, while the other sites yielded lithic remains including
scrapers, knives, flakes, cores, and—rarely—fragmentary projectile
points, mainly stemmed and of medium size. A few fragments of
obsidian occur in the collections. Locally owned collections, reputedly
from the vicinity of the reservoir area, include projectile points which
appear to relate to various time levels, from fairly early to the his-
toric period. Several bison kills are reported from the region and
artifacts from some of them are in the local collections. Most of the
objects seem to refer to other than very ancient horizons, but collec-
tions reportedly made from the surface include occasional specimens
which suggest early contexts.
Two of the camp sites in the reservoir, 24PR8 and 48CA6, appear
to have deposits of some depth and have been recommended for
excavation.
Nilan Reservoir site-——As proposed, this reservoir will be an en-
largement of a small existing natural body of water, Beale Lake. It
is in a rolling section of the high plains within view of the continental
divide, a few miles to the west. Only two locations of archeological
interest, a rock cairn and a “tipi ring,’ were found during the re-
connaissance in July 1950, and they were both above the full pool line.
No artifacts were recovered from either.
Red Gulch Reservoir site—The dam, as proposed, will be on Red
Gulch, an intermittent tributary of Shell Creek, a stream which enters
the Bighorn River just below Greybull, Wyo. The very small lake,
less than 450 acres in extent at flood level, will be entirely within a
badland area and over a valley floor which now supports exceedingly
scanty vegetation. The brief but comprehensive reconnaissance in
June 1951 revealed that the surface of the entire reservoir area bears
the litter of flint-working activities and possibly of camping. In
addition, cultural deposits were observed in cut banks at depths of
as much as 3 feet beneath the surface. Few artifacts were found by
24. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
the reconnaissance party, but it is presumed that the previous activi-
ties of collectors is largely responsible for this fact.
Smith Reservoir site—An attempt was made in June 1951 to
survey the proposed reservoir area, but unfavorable weather pre-
vented extensive examination of the surface. No sites were found
and it seems unlikely that this small reservoir, at an elevation of over
8,000 feet above sea level on the North Fork of the Powder River,
Wyo., will destroy archeological remains of consequence.
South Fork Reservoir site—As proposed, the South Fork Dam
will form a lake less than 2 miles long on the South Fork of the
Tongue River in Sheridan County, Wyo. Situated on a high plateau
in the Bighorn Mountains, at an elevation in excess of 7,500 feet, the
area to be inundated consists largely of rather steep, densely wooded
slopes. No locations of archeological interest were observed, and no
information was obtained to suggest that archeological materials had
ever been found in the immediate vicinity.
Sun Butte Reservow site.2—The site of the proposed Sun Butte
Dam is just above the existing Gibson Reservoir on the North Fork
of the North Fork of the Sun River approximately 24 miles north-
west of Augusta, Mont. The terrain in which the 5- or 6-mile-long
lake will lie consists of pine-clad slopes on the right side of the stream
and grassy terraces flanked by forested hills on the left side. Only
two sites reflecting aboriginal activity were recorded during the brief
but comprehensive reconnaissance in July 1950. Neither of the
sites—one a small camp site yielding a small triangular point of
obsidian, charcoal, and bones, the other a petroglyph locality—will
be flooded.
Tiber Reservow site—The Tiber Dam, situated about 45 miles
above the mouth of the Marias River, a major tributary of the Mis-
souri in northern Montana, will form a reservoir about 26 miles long.
The area in question, although unsuitable for native agriculture, once
possessed considerable food resources for the aboriginal population, as
shown by Meriwether Lewis’s observation of abundant game during
his exploration of the Marias River in 1806. The Blackfoot and Gros
Ventres hunted the territory in historic times.
The comprehensive reconnaissance of the reservoir area in 1946
and 1947 (Wedel, 1948, pp. 34-36) revealed 53 locations of archeo-
logical significance, including sites of “tipi rings” and of hearths,
both surface and buried. In 1950 a party under the supervision of
Walter D. Enger, Jr., spent the period from June 9 to September 20
2 Formerly Wilson Reservoir.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50-I19Q5I—COOPER 25
in more or less intensive excavation of five sites, all lying in the lower
half of the reservoir area and so situated that they will be destroyed
soon after the beginning of impoundment. In most instances the
yield of artifacts was lamentably scanty, but one site of particular
interest, insufficiently investigated late in the field season because of
earlier high water in the Marias River, appears to be unusually rich
and is worthy of additional excavation.
Site 24LT2 was first observed in 1946, when hearths were found
exposed for a distance of about 200 yards along the left bank of the
Marias River. In 1950, six trenches, 10 to 40 feet long and of various
widths, were excavated at intervals along the cut bank where ex-
posures suggested concentrations of cultural materials. Hearths,
usually simple open fireplaces, were found in five of these trenches
at depths of approximately I to 4 feet in banded alluvial deposits.
One stone-lined hearth, partially destroyed by stream cutting, lay
at a depth of 1 foot beneath the surface. With one exception, the
cultural material was found in a single stratum about 6 inches thick
overlain by 6 inches to 1 foot of sterile earth. In one trench, however,
a hearth was uncovered at a depth of about 4 feet, and small quanti-
ties of bone were found above this feature to a point 14 feet beneath
the surface. Part of a small end scraper with chipping only on the
working end comprises the entire artifact yield from the excavations.
The balance of the specimens consists of a few flakes of chalcedony
and jasper, fragments of water-worn stone, two small fragments of
ocher, and bones of bison, cottontail, deer, and sharp-tailed grouse.
Site 24LT3, revealed by the presence of hearths and charcoal
layers in the river bank, lies about one-third mile upstream from
24LT2, at the foot of a steep-sided hill. Two trenches, 10 feet and
35 feet long, respectively, were excavated to uncover the exposed cul-
tural strata. The smaller excavation revealed three dark zones of
varying thicknesses containing charcoal at approximate depths of 2
feet, 44 feet, and 74 feet. Indubitable evidence of human occupation
was confined to the lowest level, which contained a stone-lined hearth,
small quantities of bison bones and stone, and rare chalcedony flakes.
It seems probable that the considerable depth of this deposit is largely
the result of slope wash from the contiguous hill, and that the higher '
charcoal-bearing lenses may be secondary deposits. The significant
features in the larger trench consisted of shallow, basin-shaped pits
surrounded by relatively thin deposits of burned earth and charcoal
of limited extent. These features, lying beneath overburden of 3
or 34 feet, contained bone and stone refuse, but no artifacts.
A brief period was devoted to the testing of site 24TL3, where
26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
four shallow hearths were uncovered. The excavations yielded only
a few chips of chalcedony, chert, and quartzite; a fair quantity of
concretions, apparently from the local shales, and of other stones;
and a small number of bone fragments, some of which show the
effects of fire. None of these materials shows convincing evidence
of intentional modification or of use as tools, although a minute
smooth-surfaced, grit-tempered sherd, a small side-notched triangular
point of jasper, and a fragment of a chert blade were collected from
the surface.
At site 24TL6, consisting of “tipi rings” and mounds of stone sus-
pected of covering burials, trenches carried through two of the latter
features uncovered a layer of charcoal nearly a foot beneath one of
them but no evidence of disturbance beneath the other. The signifi-
cance of this charcoal lens is in doubt, since no other evidence of
human activity was observed. The only artifact from the site is a
fragment of a chipped implement, probably a drill, collected from the
surface by a reconnaissance party in 1946.
By far the most illuminating site investigated in the Tiber Reservoir
was unavailable for excavation until late in the summer because of
the earlier high level of the Marias River. Approximately a month,
partly with a considerably reduced crew, was spent on this extensive
occupational area, site 24TL26 (pl. 2). Exposed for a distance of
more than a thousand feet in a terrace just below the point at which
the river bends sharply away from the high valley wall, a rich cul-
tural deposit lies beneath alluvial overburden varying from 7 to 12
feet in thickness. The differences in depth appear to be the result of
varying distances of the exposures from the bluffs which border the
terrace in which the site occurs, since the overburden is greatest
adjacent to the uplands and becomes progressively less downstream.
Two excavation units were laid out in the shallower part of the site
to encompass hearth areas which were visible in the cut bank. Both
had an average width of approximately 10 feet and were 25 to 30
feet long, respectively. Excavation was carried to depths of 8 feet in
one and 84 feet in the other. Near the bottom of both excavations
there was a continuous stratum half a foot thick containing hearths,
both simple and stone-lined ; charcoal; ashes; bones; and pottery and
other artifacts. Above this stratum, especially at depths of approxi-
mately 4 to 6 feet, were discontinuous lenses containing evidences of
human occupation. These lenses in most instances apparently repre-
sented hearth areas and there was one group of six holes, perhaps
post molds, in a roughly circular arrangement around an area with
diameters of approximately 12 to 14 feet. Cultural materials were
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I95I—COOPER 27
scanty in the upper levels. They consisted of fragments of bone,
mostly of bison but occasionally of deer; obsidian and chalcedony
chips and other stone fragments; and an exceedingly small number
of artifacts. Much of the bone was in small fragments and some of
it was scorched. Stone artifacts in the upper levels include the basal
fragment of a small side-notched triangular point of chalcedony with
concave base. The width at the base is 14 mm. and the length of the
complete point was probably about 27 mm. Another fragment, of
chert, is presumably from a fairly small, straight-based point, but the
dimensions and form are not further determinable. The only other
stone object showing indubitable evidence of human workmanship is
a small chalcedony flake with fine retouching on one edge. Other
objects which have been modified further than simply by breaking
are a fragment of scapula with two straight parallel lines lightly in-
cised on one surface and an antler tine 180 mm. long with a battered
and somewhat polished tip suggesting use in chipping (pl. 4, 14).
A series of transverse cuts encircling the latter specimen at 58 to
77 mm. from the base suggests that a beginning was made toward
shortening the implement. A minor amount of abrasion on the tip
of another, short, antler fragment may be the result of use.
The lower cultural deposit appears to represent an occupation of
considerable intensity, judging by the results of the limited excava-
tion and by its uninterrupted exposure for hundreds of feet along
the terrace edge. Averaging approximately a half foot in thickness,
it contains quantities of unworked stone, much of it fractured prob-
ably by heat, and bone; flint chips; relatively abundant artifacts of
stone and bone; and pottery sherds. The bone is predominantly
bison, but dog remains are fairly numerous and one to three bones
each of deer, elk, antelope, and jack rabbit were found in the excava-
tions. Hearths, only one of which was lined with stones, were un-
covered in both trenches.
Fourteen pottery sherds, some of which have been combined to
make a final total of eight fragments, were recovered in the lower
cultural zone. In every instance the paste is rather compact and is
dark gray to black, but the exterior surfaces of five fragments are
light gray or tan. Tempering material, which is only moderately
abundant, appears to be preponderantly crushed granite, though an
occasional grain of sand is visible on the broken edges. Deposits of
carbonized material are present on both exterior and interior sur-
faces, but more commonly on the latter. The deposit on the inside
of one vessel is 4 mm. thick. Surface hardness is between 3.5 and
4 (ie., surfaces can be scratched by the mineral fluorite but not by
28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
the mineral celestite). The sherds range in thickness from 3.5 to
II mm., with the mode at about 6 mm. Interior surfaces are rather
smooth to the touch, but are frequently uneven, as though the fingers
or small objects of some sort had been used to support the vessel
walls on the inside during the manufacture.
Three fragments, one a rim sherd, have smooth exterior surfaces.
The body sherds are too small to yield information as to vessel shape,
but the rim is apparently from a heavy-walled, open bowl (pl. 5, a, r),
the rim of which is thickened both inwardly and outwardly to give
the perfectly flat lip a width of 15 mm. in contrast to the 1o-mm.
thickness of the vessel body. This specimen is very similar to a rim
sherd in our collections from a late level in Birdshead Cave, in the
Owl Creek Mountains of western Wyoming (Bliss, 1950, p. 193),
except that the surfaces of the latter have a gritty feel lacking in
the present collection. The exterior surfaces of the remainder of
the sherds were impressed with fibrous material of some sort, ap-
parently never twisted (pl. 5, a, 2-5). The impressions are invariably
shallow and in three instances they are relatively fine and lie parallel
as though the individual elements of the impressing object were
wrapped about a paddle. On another specimen, parallel grooves about
2.5 mm. wide and spaced about I mm. apart lie across, and perpen-
dicular to, shallow elongated depressions, about 75 mm. wide, which
alternate with low ridges (pl. 5, a, 3); a similar effect was created
in the laboratory by impressing modeling clay with coiled basketry.
Still another sherd (pl. 5, a, 4) may have been treated in the same
fashion, but the evidence is less clear. All but one of the sherds with
roughened surfaces bear traces of decoration, which in every instance
appears to consist of a shallow, crudely trailed line following a zigzag
path about the vessel (pl. 5, a, 2-5). The one specimen in which the
lip is present is a rim which appears to slope somewhat inwardly
(pl. 5, a, 2). The flat lip bears a series of slightly elliptical impres-
sions, the creation of which, perhaps with the fingers, has thickened
this feature toward both surfaces of the vessel. The upper points of
the trailed zigzag line reach nearly to the lip. Another specimen
consists of what appears to be a segment of an angularly S-shaped
rim and of the constricted neck of a jar (pl. 5, a, 5). A series of
nearly circular impressions, probably made with the finger tips, en-
circles the rim at its maximum circumference and the trailed decora-
tion is on the shoulder area. One other sherd, probably from a
different pot, also indicates the presence of a constricted neck (pl. 5,
a, 4). Except for the features noted above, the sherds in the small
collection yield no information relative to the shape of the complete
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-IQ5I—COOPER 29
vessels, but both open bowls and pots with constricted necks are
suggested.
The relationships of this pottery are not readily apparent. Except
for the rim sherd from Birdshead Cave, mentioned above, I have not
seen sherds or descriptions of sherds which resemble it closely. Col-
lections described by Wedel (1951) from sites geographically close
to the Tiber Reservoir area, notably a site near Ethridge in Toole
County, Mont., seem to differ significantly in surface treatment and
decorative technique. One similarity, for whatever it may be worth,
is the presence of a series of notches on a carinate portion of the
vessel. In the case of the Ethridge specimens, however, this feature
apparently is found on the body of the pot, whereas I am of the
opinion the Tiber specimen in question is a rim (pl. 5, a, 5). Further-
more, the technique of producing the notches appears to be different
in the two instances. Rims of somewhat reminiscent form and
decorative treatment occur rarely in the collections from the Oldham
site, and from other sites on the Missouri River in South Dakota,
but otherwise, except for general resemblances in paste and temper-
ing, these sherds do not seem to correspond closely with known
ceramics from the central and northern Plains.
Other artifacts from this occupational zone include objects of stone
and bone. Chipped artifacts, which are of limited variety, and chip-
ping debris consist of jasper, chalcedony, chert, flint, quartzite, and
obsidian. Of the 20 projectile points (pl. 3, 7-12, 14) and fragments
identifiable as parts of points, 8 are of chert, 6 of obsidian, 2 of flint,
2 of jasper, and 2 of chalcedony. End scrapers, on the other hand,
are predominantly of jasper. Of the implements of this class or
fragments believed to be parts of them, 14 are made of that material,
while 3 are of chert, 2 are of flint, I is of chalcedony, and 1 is of
fine-grained quartzite. Points are both side-notched and plain. Of
the complete specimens or fragments on which this feature can be
determined, 10 are notched and 8 are plain. In general, the former
have straight or very slightly concave bases and straight or slightly
convex sides. The unnotched points have straight, concave, or convex
bases and convex sides. Most of the points are rather skillfully
chipped over all, but a few, notably those of obsidian (pl. 3, 7, 8, 14),
are exceedingly crude and most often chipped only at the edges.
One of the obsidian points appears to have been reworked (pl. 3, &).
Complete points range in length from 12 to 36 mm. and in width
from g to 18 mm. There are no fragments that indicate points
appreciably larger than the largest of these.
Most of the complete or nearly complete end scrapers are triangu-
30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
loid in outline and planoconvex in cross section (pl. 3, 15-23). The
ventral surface invariably consists of the unmodified flake surface,
while the dorsal surface is ordinarily chipped to the extent necessary
to achieve the desired triangular shape. The steep, carefully chipped
working edge is always convex. The specimens vary in length from
18 to 30 mm. and in width from 19 to 26 mm. A planoconvex object
perhaps related to these implements is an oval with the two opposite
edges chipped to resemble the working edge of an end scraper
(pl. 3, 24).
Other chipped objects in addition to retouched flakes are an asym-
metrical, unifacially worked point of flint (pl. 3, 73), a small bi-
facially worked blade of quartzite (pl. 3, 26), and a flake with two
notches chipped into two of its three edges (pl. 3, 25).
Awls are the most numerous of the bone artifacts. Of the com-
plete specimens, three are made from the split proximal ends of deer
or antelope metapodials (pl. 4, 9, 10, 13), one is from part of the
axillary border and adjacent portion of a scapula, possibly of deer
(pl. 4, 8), and one is from a rough fragment of the lateral surface
of a bison rib with the cancellous bone unmodified (pl. 4, 4). All
but the last of these have sharp, slender points. Of the two frag-
mentary specimens, one is a segment, squarish in cross section, of a
long bone (pl. 4, rz), and the other is from a split rib with the can-
cellous bone partially removed (pl. 4, 7). Three blunt-pointed objects
are splinters of long bones which have been worked only at and near
the tips (pl. 4, z, 3, 12). The single shaft straightener in the collec-
tion is a section of rib bearing a complete perforation and the remains
of another at each of the broken ends (pl. 4, 2). Each edge of the
rib bears two groups of 5 to 7 narrow, shallow, transverse notches.
Two incomplete specimens made from split ribs have rounded ends
and smoothed edges (pl. 4, 5, 6). In both instances, the cancellous
bone has been partially removed. On two fragments of rib, probably
of bison, the mesial surface was broken away near one end and the
remaining lateral surface was worked to a blunt point (pl. 4, 15, 16).
The remaining artifact of this material is a small, highly polished
tubular bead of bird bone.
Of exotic material, there is a single specimen from the lower level
of this site, a shell, Olivella (Callianax) biplicata Sowerby, with
provenience on the Pacific coast, which has been altered by a large
break through the wall away from the natural opening. The borders
of the break are well polished, as is the exterior surface of the shell
in general, and so there is no question that the specimen was used
subsequent to the breakage (pl. 5, a, 7).
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50—-I195I—COOPER 31
On typological grounds, the lower occupation of 24TL26 appears
to be relatively late and thus attests to the recency of the considerable
deposits above it. A study of the site by a geologist would be desirable.
Triangle Park Reservoir site—This will be a very small reservoir
on the South Fork of Rock Creek, high in the Bighorn Mountains in
Johnson County, Wyo. No archeological sites were found during the
reconnaissance, in June 1951, of this area, which lies at an altitude
of approximately 8,800 feet above sea level.
Willow Park Reservoir site——Within a few miles of the Triangle
Park Reservoir area is the site of the proposed Willow Park Reser-
voir, on the South Fork of Piney Creek, in Johnson County, Wyo.,
in the Bighorn Mountains. It is more than 8,500 feet above sea level.
The reconnaissance, accomplished in June 1951, revealed no evidence
of aboriginal occupation.
Yellowtail Reservoir site—The site of the Yellowtail Dam is on
the Bighorn River in Big Horn County, Mont., approximately 40
miles southeast of Billings. The water to be impounded by the 500-
foot-high concrete structure will flood the full length of the spec-
tacular Bighorn Canyon and will back up to a point some miles above
Kane, Wyo. The river here is flanked by the Bighorn Mountains on
the east and the Pryor Mountains on the west. These ranges are
forested, in contrast to the sparsely sagebrush-covered lower surfaces
bordering the river valley. In the upper end of the reservoir area
the valley is broad and shallow, with cottonwoods and smaller growth
on the flood plain and sagebrush on the terraces. About 8 miles below
the mouth of the Shoshone River, the only major tributary in the
reservoir area, the Bighorn River enters the Bighorn Canyon,
through which it flows to a point below the dam site. In its course
through the predominantly narrow, sheer-walled canyon, the river is
frequently characterized by impressive rapids.
The reservoir area has been the object of attention by archeologists
of the Missouri Basin Project at three different times, in 1946, 1950,
and 1951. A 4-day reconnaissance in 1946 amounted to little more
than a spot check of the most accessible places, but during a 3-week
period in 1950 the entire area outside the canyon was examined.
Finally, in July 1951, an 11-day boat trip through the canyon was
accomplished with the aid of local guides and boatmen, and all terrain
suitable for aboriginal occupation within the canyon was inspected.
Forty-nine sites of various kinds have been recorded, but only about
half of them are likely to be destroyed. “Tipi-ring” sites and other
open camp sites account for more than two-thirds of the locations of
archeological interest, which include also rock shelters, petroglyphs,
32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
bison kills, a group of rock cairns, a workshop area, an Indian trail,
and a recent Indian hunting lodge. Several of the camp sites are of
considerable size, and some appear to have deposits of appreciable
depth. Cultural materials, although absent or scanty on the surfaces
of some sites, are rather abundant on others. One interesting site,
48BH7 (pl. 5, 0), consisting of 23 stone circles, yielded numerous
sherds of pottery characterized by coarse, abundant grit tempering ;
surfaces which probably were treated with a grooved or thong-
wrapped paddle; and, at least sometimes, a constricted neck and a
flat lip thickened to the interior. In addition, a number of artifacts
of stone were collected from the surface.
Despite the relative inaccessibility of the canyon, much of the
favorable terrain within its confines was found to bear evidence of
aboriginal occupation, usually camp sites with or without “tipi rings.”
Aside from the circles of stones, the occupational evidence observable
on the surface consisted primarily of hearths, stone artifacts, and
chipping debris.
The evidence accumulated by the surveys in the Yellowtail area
demonstrates that the banks of the Bighorn River, lying within the
historic habitat of the Crow Indians, have been inhabited during a
relatively long period of time, most of which undoubtedly antedates
the arrival of that group in the area.
NEBRASKA
Field work in Nebraska by the River Basin Surveys was restricted
during this period to the Niobrara River Basin, where 10 potential
reservoir sites were reconnoitered by Richard P. Wheeler and J. M.
Shippee in October, 1950, and to the Lower Platte River Basin, where
Robert B. Cumming, Jr., and Shippee carried out limited investiga-
tions in November of the same year.
Lower Platte River Basin
A number of potential reservoirs in the Lower Platte Basin had
been previously surveyed by the River Basin Surveys and by a party
from the Laboratory of Anthropology of the University of Nebraska.
A brief reconnaissance was undertaken in November 1950 by Robert
B. Cumming, Jr., and J. M. Shippee to supplement the earlier surveys
and to investigate burials reported by the Bureau of Reclamation to
have been encountered by its survey crews. Both reported burials
were excavated and the sites of several possible water-development
structures were examined. One of the burials, 25HW201, was near
the Cushing Dam site, in Howard County. Although badly disturbed
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50—-1I95I—-COOPER 33
before excavation by the survey party, the evidence indicates it con-
sisted of two adults, at least one of which was tightly flexed. Only a
few fragments of the other remained. A grit-tempered, cord-marked
pottery sherd was found in the earth which had been recently dis-
turbed. The other burial, 25NC201, was on a ridge bordering the
valley of Cedar River, in Nance County. The incomplete remains of
four individuals, representing secondary burials, were found generally
scattered in an oval pit covered with stones. Among the bones present
was one small fragment, probably from a tibia, which had been arti-
ficially perforated. In the pit fill were a number of grit-tempered,
cord-marked sherds which appear to be attributable to one of the
early Woodland variants in the area. Long bones with perforations
similar to the one mentioned here were found in secondary burials
in a submound pit in a site, 39CH4, excavated in 1947 by the River
Basin Surveys in the Fort Randall Reservoir, South Dakota (Cooper,
1949, P. 309).
The area that would be occupied by the Sherman Reservoir and
the routes to be followed by the Sherman Feeder Canal and the
Sargent and Woods Park Canals, if these various features are con-
structed, were surveyed. Only one site pertaining to archeology was
found, and that was a small area yielding a sherd, two scrapers, and
a little White material, which does not warrant further investigation.
This site and a site where fossil bones of elephant and possibly bison
were found weathering out of a loess deposit are near the course of
the potential Sherman Feeder Canal. The paleontological site prob-
ably deserves investigation.
Niobrara River Basin
The survey of the Niobrara River Basin, together with the more
intensive investigations that should follow it, exemplifies in miniature
one of the notable ways in which the salvage program is contributing
to our knowledge of the prehistory of the Missouri Basin, namely by
the sampling of archeological manifestations over extensive areas of
locally diverse environments. The Niobrara River, heading in eastern
Wyoming, flows east across northern Nebraska through parts of the
Nebraska- Wyoming Upland, the Nebraska Sand Hills, and the Loess
Plains, all subdivisions of the High Plains, and through the southern
part of the Missouri Plateau to its confluence with the Missouri
River (Fenneman, 1931, pp. 17-22, 61-72). In its upper reaches, it
has a narrow, sparsely tree-fringed channel meandering in a valley
bordered by high, slightly undulating plains covered with short grass,
but to the east, augmented by a number of spring-fed tributaries, it
34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
becomes a sizable stream with a relatively uniform flow in a valley
which supports rather heavy stands of timber. There is a correspond-
ing variation in the climate of the basin. For example, average annual
precipitation ranges from less than 15 inches near the headwaters to
about 23 inches in the lower part of the valley. The Niobrara drainage
basin comprises a narrow strip of land, never in excess of approxi-
mately 60 miles in width, across the northern edge of Nebraska with
extensions west into Wyoming and north into South Dakota. It may
be anticipated that cultural remains will reflect the climatic and eco-
logical variations along the east-west profile provided by this basin.
The 10 reservoir sites reconnoitered, in most instances incom-
pletely, in 1950 are all in Nebraska. They are Colwell, in Sheridan
and Dawes Counties about 70 miles east of the Wyoming line ; Crooks-
ton, Eli, Kilgore, Long Pine, Meadville, Merritt, Sparks, and Thacher
in the central section of the basin; and Ponca Creek on the stream
of the same name, actually outside the Niobrara drainage but immedi-
ately adjacent to its lower reaches.
Other projects in the basin are the existing Box Butte Reservoir,
briefly visited by a River Basin Surveys party in 1946, and two
potential reservoirs—Keya Paha and Verdel—not investigated in
1950 because their locations were not known at that time.
Colwell Reservoir site—The Colwell Dam, if constructed, will
create a reservoir approximately 44 miles long in the Niobrara River
Valley proper and extending some distance up Sand Canyon and
Pepper Creek, northern tributaries of the river. The river here is a
small stream in a valley of low, flat terraces cut into high rolling plains
covered with short grass. Other vegetation consists of scanty trees
and brush along the water courses. Part of the reservoir area was
examined during a 2-day visit, during which three camp sites and a
workshop were found. In each instance, materials were relatively
scanty on the surface but this is, at least in some cases, undoubtedly
owing to the existence of sterile overburden. The collections made
from the sites are preponderantly stone objects, but a sherd or two
were found on two of the sites. These pottery fragments are small
and nondiagnostic, although one appears to be simple-stamped and
accordingly suggests a relatively late date. The three sites which will
be destroyed by the reservoir (25SH201, 203, and 204) are believed
to warrant test-trenching, and additional survey will be required to
complete coverage of the area to be flooded.
Crookston Reservoir site——The potential Crookston Reservoir will
be a lake approximately 124 miles long if current plans for a dam on
the Niobrara River about 10 miles southwest of Valentine are carried
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I195I—-COOPER 35
through. The lower end of the Snake River will also be flooded.
Both the Niobrara and Snake Rivers flow here in narrow valleys
bordered by high wooded bluffs, and the region would seem to be
suitable for aboriginal occupation, but during the reconnaissance of
approximately two days no archeological sites were discovered.
Eli Reservoir site—According to present plans, the Niobrara will
be dammed at a point about 17 miles southwest of Cody to create
a reservoir approximately 124 miles long. The valley to be flooded
varies from deep and narrow to flat and wide and its bottom sup-
ports cottonwood groves. Other deciduous species and juniper grow
sparsely on the slopes. A partial reconnaissance during two days
revealed two archeological sites, one producing pottery and the other
only lithic materials. It is reasonable to suppose that complete re-
connaissance would produce a number of additional sites. The ceramic
site appears to have been occupied two or more times, since heavy
sherds of Woodland type and other cord-marked and plain sherds
similar to pottery from Upper Republican or Nebraska aspect sites
were collected. The lithic site apparently is the remains of a work-
shop.
Kilgore Reservoir site——Current plans are for the construction of
a dam on the Niobrara River 10 miles south of the town of Kilgore
to impound a pool approximately 125 miles long. The valley here is
narrow and wooded both on the bottomland and the slopes. The
partial reconnaissance of less than two days resulted in the discovery
of three sites which yielded pottery, though in small quantities prob-
ably because of the heavy vegetation cover. The sherds collected from
one of the sites are plain and those from another are simple-stamped,
while the surface treatment of those from the third is indeterminable.
Two of the sites (25CE214 and 215) are considered worthy of some
excavation and those portions of the reservoir area not visited should
be examined for additional sites.
Long Pine Reservoir site —The site of the potential Long Pine Dam
is on Long Pine Creek, about half a mile above its confluence with the
Niobrara River. The reservoir would directly affect about 10 miles
of the valley of Long Pine Creek and the lower 2 or 3 miles of two
tributaries, Short Pine and Bone Creeks. All these streams are con-
tained in narrow wooded valleys bordered by loess-mantled bluffs.
During a brief inspection of part of the reservoir area, the reconnais-
sance party recorded seven occupational sites, all of which yielded
pottery. Three of the sites had been discovered by previous parties,
one by personnel of the Nebraska State Historical Society, and two
by a group representing the University of Nebraska Laboratory of
36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Anthropology. The latter party also recorded two sites in the reser-
voir area which were not observed in 1950. The reconnaissance pro-
duced no evidence of structures in any of the sites, some of which are
extensive while others appear to be the locations of small camps. The
collections, although in no case large and often rather scanty, suggest
that, except for a suspected lithic component at one site, all the occu-
pations represented are referable to a single complex or to rather
closely related ones. The pottery in the larger collections has simple-
stamped surfaces; trailed or incised and punctated shoulders; rims
which are undecorated or have incised decorations, usually a series
of horizontal lines, on the exterior surface; and lips which usually
bear incised or impressed lines. Most of the sherds from the smaller
collections have characteristics which are compatible with the ceramic
complex represented by the larger collections. The pottery is like that
reported from northeastern Wyoming by Wedel (1947a) and closely
resembles ceramics found in excavations at the Minaric sites near the
mouth of Ponca Creek by the University of Nebraska Laboratory of
Anthropology. Similar pottery has been collected from numerous
sites in northern Nebraska and on the Missouri River as far north as
the North Dakota-South Dakota line. It has been suggested, on the
basis of the presumably relatively late date of the complex and its
presence in an area dominated by the Ponca tribe when first recorded
by Europeans, that this ethnic group was responsible for the culture
revealed, but not yet reported, by the excavations in northeastern
Nebraska.
Meadville Reservoir site—The Meadville project, if carried
through, would include a reservoir approximately 21 miles long in the
valley of the Niobrara River, with an arm extending about 8 miles
up the valley of Plum Creek. Both of these streams flow perennially
in valleys with wooded bottom lands and slopes. Less than half the
reservoir area was covered by the reconnaissance in October 1950,
but six sites of aboriginal occupation were found. Few artifacts were
recovered, and they were generally not diagnostic. Three of the sites
(25BW 202, 203, and 204), all apparently nonceramic, may be of some
age and are considered worthy of further investigation. Additional
survey will probably produce further evidence of Indian activity.
Merritt Reservoir site —Current plans call for a dam on the Snake
River, in Cherry County, about 3 miles below the mouth of Board-
mans Creek and a similar distance above the Snake River Falls. The
impounded water will extend about 12 miles up the Snake River and
about 4 miles up Boardmans Creek, the principal tributary in the
reservoir area. The vegetation in this sandhill region is limited to
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-IQ5I—COOPER 37
grasses on the uplands away from the streams, clumps of cottonwoods
along the channels, and sporadic junipers on the valley slopes. A
minor proportion of the area to be affected by the reservoir was ex-
amined during the brief 1950 reconnaissance, but three archeological
sites were recorded. The only one of these which produced pottery
(25CE210) is apparently the site visited by Wedel in 1931 and re-
ported in a paper (1947a) devoted primarily to a description of sherds
from northeastern Wyoming. Wedel’s impression, based on his mem-
ory of the materials observed in 1931, was that they closely resembled
the Wyoming specimens. The present collection is too small to permit
any appreciable contribution in this regard ; the few small body sherds
recorded are either plain or are decorated with narrow incised lines
and seem to be compatible with Wedel’s description of the Wyoming
pottery. The other two sites, apparently the locations of camps, pro-
duced small numbers of stone objects.
Ponca Creek Reservoir site—Potential Ponca Creek Reservoir,
although for administrative reasons included by the Bureau of Recla-
mation in the Niobrara River Basin, is on a stream which lies outside
the drainage of this river. Ponca Creek rises in Tripp County, S. Dak.,
and enters the Missouri River only a few miles above the mouth of
the Niobrara. The reservoir is planned for a location near Butte, in
Boyd County, Nebr., where it will flood approximately 9 miles of a
valley which is bordered by high, loess-mantled terraces. Deciduous
trees line the banks of the streams, and there is some timber on the
slopes to the uplands. The reconnaissance of 1950, which constituted
merely a spot check of part of the area, resulted in the recording
of seven archeological sites, all occupational areas. Two of these
(25BD2o01 and 25BD207) are extensive villages, in one of which
evidences of three house structures were observed in the edge of an
abandoned gravel pit, which had destroyed part of the site. The col-
lections of pottery from these two villages appear to belong to closely
related, though perhaps not identical, complexes. Both collections
contain pottery with smooth or cord-marked surfaces, rims which are
usually flaring and predominantly undecorated except for impressions
or incisions on the lip panel or border, and punctated and incised or
trailed shoulders. Collared rims are rare, as are rims whose exterior
surfaces have been decorated by incising or trailing. The exterior
surface of this part of the vessel is frequently cord-marked. There
are differences in the samples from the two sites which may or may
not accurately reflect differences in the total pottery complexes. These
include the presence of handles and a greater frequency of shoulder
decoration in the materials from 25BD2o1 and, on the other hand,
38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
a number of simple-stamped body sherds and a fabric-marked sherd
in the 25BD207 collection. On the basis of the relatively scanty evi-
dence available, it appears that these two sites are closely related to
the Lynch site (25BD1), partially excavated in 1936 by the Univer-
sity of Nebraska Laboratory of Anthropology but not yet compre-
hensively reported in print. Of the remaining sites, all of which
yielded few specimens, two, and perhaps three, are probably related
to sites 25BD2o1 and 25BD207. Another has pottery which resembles
at least in a general way certain of the ceramics from the Loseke
Creek sites, in Platte County, Nebr., excavated by the Nebraska State
Historical Society (Kivett, 1952, pp. 52-55); from the Eagle Creek
site, in Holt County, Nebr., excavated by the University of Nebraska
(Hill and Kivett, 1940, p. 240); and from the Scalp Creek site in
Gregory County, S. Dak. (Hurt, 1952, pp. 25-27, and Appendix
VIII). The pottery in question has rims that are decorated on
their outer surfaces with series of horizontal lines either incised or
impressed with a single cord. The sherds are too few and too small
to permit assigning them to a pottery complex with any confidence.
Only stone specimens were found on the remaining site and these
were few and nondiagnostic of specific cultural entities.
Sparks Reservoir site-——The potential Sparks Reservoir site is on
the Niobrara River near the eastern boundary of Cherry County. It
is in an area characterized by fairly heavy tree growth on the bottom
lands and more scattered timber on the slopes. Only the most accessi-
ble parts of the reservoir area were covered by the reconnaissance,
which resulted in the recording of seven archeological locations, all
probably camp sites. A few minute sherds, simple-stamped and incised
and apparently related to the pottery from a site in the Merritt Reser-
voir area, discussed above, were found on one of the sites; the collec-
tions of artifacts from the other sites suggest lithic complexes. Most
of the 12-mile stretch of the valley to be affected by the reservoir
remains to be examined.
Thacher Reservoir site—The potential Thacher Reservoir, near
Valentine, Nebr., will flood approximately 11 miles of the Nio-
brara River valley and the lower 4 miles of Minnechaduza Creek.
Both the valley floor and the slopes in this area support stands of tim-
ber. Two sites were recorded during the brief and incomplete recon-
naissance. Both are lithic camp sites but one includes, in addition,
evidence of an early White settlement. The specimens recovered from
these sites are too few and nondescript to permit any suggestion as to
their cultural affinities.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-IQ5I—COOPER 39
NORTH DAKOTA
Field work in North Dakota included excavation in three sites, two
of Indian and one of White provenience, and additional reconnais-
sance in the Garrison Reservoir and in the Sheyenne Reservoir area,
briefly visited by the Surveys in 1946. The Jamestown Reservoir was
also on the reconnaissance schedule, but protracted bad weather pre-
vented examination of any appreciable part of the area; no sites were
found, but this may be largely owing to the unsatisfactory conditions
for survey, since significant sites were recorded during the earlier
investigation.
Garrison Rerservoir site-——Archeological excavation by the River
Basin Surveys in North Dakota was confined in both 1950 and 1951
to the Garrison Reservoir, one of the largest water-control projects
in the Missouri Basin. The lake to be created by the huge earthen
dam, under construction since 1946 and now closed, will occupy the
immediate valley of the Missouri River and the lower reaches of its
tributaries from the dam in McLean and Mercer Counties to a point
above Williston, a distance of almost 200 miles. Previous investiga-
tions by this organization had consisted of inspection of the dam site
in 1946 and a reconnaissance of parts of the reservoir area during a
period of approximately two months in 1947. Despite the shortage of
time available for the achievement of an adequate sampling of this
little-known area, limited resources and imminent destruction dates
elsewhere in the Missouri Basin prevented further work in 1948 and
1949. While the reservoir lies outside the region intensively occupied
by the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara before the beginning of the
breakdown of their aboriginal cultures, it contains the remains of the
latest earth-lodge villages of those three tribes and thus a large part
of the archeological record of the impact of industrial culture on the
village tribes of the northern Plains. Such village remains range from
a few in which the objects of material culture are predominantly of
native manufacture, but include moderate quantities of White trade
materials, to others in which the artifacts are almost exclusively of
White origin. Earlier sites in the area appear to represent less inten-
sive occupation. Some of them are apparently temporary camps of
the Mandan or Hidatsa during the time their main villages were situ-
ated farther downstream, or of closely related groups, while others
represent quite distinct cultural traditions. Among the latter are a
number that yield heavy, cord-marked pottery of Woodland affilia-
tions. Pottery of this sort occasionally is found stratigraphically
beneath materials attributable to groups of the Mandan-Hidatsa tra-
dition. Still other sites yield only nonceramic artifacts, usually in
40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
relatively small numbers. Some of them may be of fair age, but none
has yielded convincing evidence of any considerable antiquity. Many
of these sites are moderately deeply buried beneath sterile deposits.
Despite its evident importance, this area had seen no excavation
prior to 1950, when the River Basin Surveys and the State Historical
Society of North Dakota initiated programs of intensive investigation
in significant sites to be destroyed by the reservoir. What previous
excavations had been accomplished on the Missouri River in North
Dakota were in earlier and more spectacular sites downstream, well
outside the Garrison Reservoir (e.g., the Burgois, or Double Ditch,
site on the east side above Bismarck, and the Slant, or Fort Abraham
Lincoln, village on the west side below Mandan).
During both years under consideration, small survey teams were
detached from the excavation parties in the Garrison area to extend
the previous reconnaissance and to re-examine sites recorded in 1947.
This work was in every instance headed by George Metcalf, who was
assisted at various times by one or two other men. In 1950, a 2-man
party spent a period of approximately two months primarily in an
examination of the area comprised in the Fort Berthold Reservation,
which had been untouched in 1947. During rather brief and intermit-
tent surveys in 1951, the emphasis was again on the land within the
confines of the reservation but, as in the previous year, some attention
was given to other parts of the area to be flooded which had received
at least partial coverage in 1947. The list of 70 sites recorded in 1947
has now been expanded to include approximately 130 Indian sites,
plus about 15 additional sites of trading posts, Indian agencies, aban-
doned nineteenth-century towns, historic trails, and other features
more or less intimately related to the White occupation of the region.
Two of the latter are of especial significance as far as the Indian
history of the region is concerned. They are site 32MN1, believed to
be the remains of Kipp’s trading post built about 1825, and the site of
two trading posts, Fort Berthold and Fort Atkinson, at Like-a-Fish-
hook Village, the last home of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara
before they scattered to individual allotments on the reservation (the
village and associated posts are included in the project’s records under
a single number, 32ML2).
Sites relating to the Indian occupancy of the area now on record
include winter villages on the river bottoms, earth-lodge villages on
terraces or butte tops, small camp sites with and without pottery, stone
circles, depressions which are probably the remains of eagle traps,
rock cairns, burial mounds, other burial sites, and such recent phe-
nomena as the ruin of a late hunting lodge and the remains of the last
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I1950-IQ5I—COOPER 41
Arikara earth lodge, which was used as a community and ceremonial
center from 1907 to 1918. Especially deserving of salvage are two
mound sites, which lie outside the pool but may be jeopardized by
road relocations, and a number of earth-lodge sites, some late but
others relating to a time when the culture was still basically aboriginal,
Site 32ME57 is a single mound approximately 60 feet in diameter and
6 feet high, from which a local resident has obtained many human
bones by minor pitting, while site 32ME63 is a group of seven mounds
which range in size from 25 feet in diameter and 2 feet in height to
almost 70 feet in diameter and 6 feet in height. Mounds along this
segment of the Missouri River appear to be exceedingly rare, so that
the relationships of the sites in question will have to be sought at con-
siderable distances. Apparently the nearest reported occurrences of
mounds are to the east on the Sheyenne and James Rivers, where the
cultural affliations are as yet undefined, and to the north in south-
western Manitoba, where the manifestations have been ascribed to the
Headwaters Lakes aspect and an Assiniboin authorship has been
suggested (Vickers, 1949, p. 33).
Among the earth-lodge sites which seem on present evidence to be
especially noteworthy are the Rock Village (32ME15), a fortified
site yielding primarily materials of native manufacture; Like-a-Fish-
hook (32MLz2), the last earth-lodge village of the Three Affiliated
Tribes ; two butte-top earth-lodge villages (32ML39 and 32DU18) ;
a large fortified late Arikara site, the Star Village (32ME16); a
well-preserved late winter village (32ML38) ; and an earth-lodge site
(32ME59) associated by tradition with one of the Mandan-Hidatsa
supernaturals and known as Grandmother’s Lodge.
The intensive excavation program in Garrison Reservoir was car-
ried out by a single party in 1950 and by two parties in 1951. Dur-
ing these two summers, excavations were undertaken in two earth-
lodge villages, the Rock Village (32ME15) and the Star Village
(32ME16), and ina frontier military post, Fort Stevenson (32ML1).
The field season of 1950 was spent entirely in the Rock Village, where
a party under the supervision of G. Ellis Burcaw excavated from
mid-June until the end of October. In 1951 a party headed by
Donald D. Hartle continued the investigation of this site from early
June until late August, after which the party, considerably reduced
in numbers, worked in the Star Village for the remainder of the
season, which terminated there about November I.
Rock Village, so named because of its proximity to a conspicuous
expanse of sandstone which outcrops along the bank of the Missouri
River, is situated on a level uncultivated terrace approximately 15
42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
feet above the river (pl. 6, b). A narrow strip of timbered bottom
land intervenes between the stream and the present edge of the site,
which has been scarped by erosion. An indeterminate portion of the
site has disappeared, for lodges and other features are now partially
destroyed at the terrace border. Shallow depressions and other sur-
face irregularities suggest the presence of 35 to 40 closely spaced
earth lodges within the confines of the occupied area, which is bounded
by the steep bank along the edge of the terrace and by the remains of
an artificial ditch. Expansion of the village is attested by evidence
that the course of the ditch had been altered during the occupation to
enclose probably 10 lodges in addition to those within the original
fortified area. Although little cultural material is visible on the
sodded surface, examination of the cut bank and test pits dug by the
survey party in 1947 had revealed the presence of abundant refuse
within the village level. The work in 1950 and 1951 resulted in the
excavation of 13 earth lodges and 60 cache pits, as well as a number
of such features as borrow pits, sweat lodges, and structures of
uncertain function, and included numerous test trenches in addi-
tional lodges, across the defensive works, and in the general village
area. Among the test trenches was one, 282 feet long by 5 feet wide,
extending entirely across the site; in addition, the face of the eroded
terrace was trimmed and examined. The tests revealed that, except
where the occupants had altered the surface by excavation, refuse
attributable to the village was confined to a zone just beneath the sur-
face to a depth of approximately a foot. At a depth of about 5 feet,
however, evidences of an earlier, much less intensive occupation were
consistently found in the deepest trenches. No extensive excavation
of this deeper horizon was undertaken after its detection in 1951, but
the limited evidence indicated a nonceramic occupation.
The houses, apparently always constructed on the surface, were
circular and averaged slightly more than 40 feet in diameter (pl. 6, D).
All had 4 center posts and 9 to 16 outer support posts, and frequently
there was evidence of leaner posts at the peripheries of the struc-
tures. The central fireplaces were always basin-shaped depressions
in the lodge floors, but in six instances sandstone slabs were associated
with them. Four of the pits had either the sides alone or the sides and
bottom lined with slabs (pl. 7, a), while in two cases slabs were laid
upon the lodge floor surrounding the hearth. The entrances, which
lacked any consistent orientation, were characterized by walls consist-
ing of puncheons set in trenches (pl. 6, b), a feature described
by Wilson (1934, p. 369) for Hidatsa earth lodges. Features found
within the houses included sweat lodges, fire-screen trenches, and
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-195I—COOPER 43
cache pits, as well as numerous posts which probably were associated
with beds and other miscellaneous minor structures. There was abun-
dant evidence that several of the lodges had burned, but in many
instances unburned post remnants testified to destruction by less sud-
den means. Cache pits were found both inside and outside of the
lodges, the locations of the outside ones frequently being marked by
depressions on the surface. There was a marked absence of stylization
as far as size and shape are concerned. A considerable number were
cylindrical, while the walls of others expanded to varying extents.
The large, deep, cistern-shaped pits so characteristic of the later vil-
lages of the central Plains were lacking or exceedingly rare in Rock
Village.
As indicated previously, there was evidence for expansion of the
village at some time during its occupation. A segment of the original
ditch was abandoned and a new segment was excavated to enclose a
larger area. The sequential relationship of the two segments is estab-
lished by the fact that the inner one is overlain by one or more lodges
and by the refuse with which it is filled. Perhaps at a still later time
the ditch was extended to enclose a single house at the northeast end
of the site. Test trenches across the ditches revealed considerable
variation in width and depth but they were nowhere very wide or
deep; widths of 24 to 44 feet and depths of 2 to 24 feet seem indi-
cated. Post molds in alignment outside the abandoned portion of the
ditch suggest a palisade, and there was clear evidence of such a fea-
ture situated at distances of 2 to 3 feet outside the outer, and later,
segment. The latter consisted of posts set close together in a trench
approximately half a foot wide and a foot deep.
Refuse was relatively abundant in cache pits, borrow pits, the aban-
doned ditch, and on the village surface. While materials of White
provenience occurred in considerable quantities, the main reliance of
the inhabitants was still on artifacts of native manufacture. Few of
the metal objects were tools, although there is evidence of the use of
heavy metal implements, probably axes, for shaping many of the bone
artifacts and for cutting timbers. No metal axes or hoes were found,
but there are a few knives or knife parts in the collection. Most of
the metal objects were projectile points, tinklers, and scraps of brass
and iron, objects which are of little aid in the problem of dating.
Other materials of White origin include rather numerous glass beads
and some clay pipes of European manufacture. On the basis of an
examination of all the trade materials, Glenn Black has “guess-dated”’
the site as 1800 to 1850 plus. This statement and the presence of two
percussion caps of a type which Carlyle S. Smith, of the University
44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
of Kansas, informs us was invented in England in 1819 are consistent
with Hartle’s opinion, based on the archeology and on statements
obtained by Libby (1908, p. 465; 1920, pp. 200-201 ; and notes in files
of State Historical Society of North Dakota) from Hidatsa inform-
ants early in the twentieth century, that the Rock Village was oc-
cupied during part of the 1830’s and perhaps as early as the mid-
1820's.
Artifacts of Indian manufacture from local materials were nu-
merous ; over 4,500 pottery sherds were collected, for example. The
pottery appears to be very similar to the River Basin Survey’s collec-
tions from the Hidatsa sites at the mouth of the Knife River, although
it is perhaps somewhat less homogeneous and carefully made. It cer-
tainly resembles this material more closely than it does the ceramics
described and illustrated from the earlier, presumably Mandan, Dou-
ble Ditch and Slant village sites near Bismarck. So-called Knife
River flint, a chalcedony available in abundance in quarries not more
than 35 miles distant, was overwhelmingly favored for chipped-stone
implements. Other materials, mainly schist and quartzite, were uti-
lized primarily for large choppers. Among ground-stone objects are
grooved mauls, abrading stones, shaft smoothers, pipes of catlinite
and other stones, a small vessel and a number of sherds of steatite,
and small double-pointed sandstone hammers perforated for hafting.
Bone artifacts include hoes and knives of scapula, toothed metapodial
fleshers, shaft wrenches, paint applicators, hide-tanning tools, knife
handles, whistles, bone tubes and awls. Antler was used for scraper
and knife handles and other items including what are apparently sad-
dle bows. Artifacts of shell and wood were recovered in small num-
bers. Notable among the latter is an object apparently intended as a
small-scale replica of a boat with pointed bow and square stern.
Animal and vegetal remains indicate that agriculture, hunting, and
gathering all contributed to the solution of the subsistence problem.
There is a wide range of mammalian forms, but bison bones predomi-
nate. Horse bones are surprisingly rare, but dogs, some very large,
are rather well represented. Other animal forms are several species
of birds, two species of fish, and a number of molluscan species. Cul-
tivated plants indicated by the specimens recovered are corn (related
to the flint corns of northeastern United States, according to a letter
of October 29, 1952, from Norton H. Nickerson), squash, beans,
melons, and gourds, while edible wild plants include plums, choke-
cherries, grapes, wild black cherry, and blueberry or whortleberry.
Evidence suggesting trade with tribes to the west consists in the
presence in the site of a shell of a Pacific coast olivella and of a quan-
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOE; 1267 NON 2; PRESS
b, Part of site 48BH7, group of 23 tipi rings, Yellowtail Reservoir. Pottery was
collected from the surface of this site.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126, NO. 2, PL. 6
a, River Basin Surveys camp at Rock Village, 32ME15, Garrison Reservoir, in
October 1950. Missouri River in background.
Na
Excavated floor of circular house in Rock Village, 32ME15, Garrison Reservoir.
Structure has central fireplace, 4 center posts, and trenches at sides of entrance passage.
Note timber fragments on floor.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOEa2 6; NOS 2p Pies
a, Cross-section view of slab-lined central fireplace in house, Rock Village, 32ME15,
Garrison Reservoir. Line drawn on vertical face marks base of burned earth.
Gk tone
a lee Pa Se
b, Aerial view of site 32ML1, Fort Stevenson, Garrison Reservoir, a year after ex-
cavation by River Basin Surveys. Excavations, all in right half of photograph, are,
left to right, in officers’ quarters, commissary warehouse, south barracks, and hospital.
Photograph is looking north.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 1267 NO" 2) PES
a, Bulldozer removing overburden in Trench 1 of Area B, Long site, 39FA65,
Angostura Reservoir.
b, Excavation in Area A, Long site, 39 A65, Angostura Reservoir, after removal of
overburden with bulldozer.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I9Q5I—COOPER 45
tity of steatite specimens. A steatite vessel in the collections of the
River Basin Surveys somewhat resembling in form and technique of
manufacture the vessel from Rock Village came from the vicinity of
of the Wind River, western Wyoming, according to the donor.
After the termination of work at Rock Village, the party headed
by Hartle undertook excavations in the Star Village (32ME16),
identified as the last home of the Arikara before they moved across
the river to join the Mandan and Hidatsa at Like-a-Fishhook Village.
The village was briefly described and its abandonment mentioned in
a report of 1862 from the Agent for the Upper Missouri (Commis-
sioner of Indian Affairs, 1863, p. 194) and was referred to by several
of Libby’s Arikara informants (Libby, 1920, pp. 187, 195, 204). It
is a large site of approximately 90 conspicuous house rings enclosed
within a well-defined ditch. The excavations uncovered five earth-
lodge floors, three other post-mold patterns, a gateway through the
ditch, and sections of the ditch itself. One of the lodges, all of which
were circular, was of particular interest. Situated in the center of the
village and of unusual size, it was presumably a ceremonial structure.
Averaging approximately 70 feet in diameter, it was supported by 4
center posts and 20 outer posts the molds of which had average diam-
eters and depths of nearly 14 feet. As in the case of the houses at
Rock Village, the walls of the entrance of this structure rose from
narrow trenches and, in addition, the butts of the leaners stood in a
rather irregular trench which ran continuously around the house ex-
cept where it was interrupted by the entryway. At least in the places
where it was trenched, the defensive ditch was a rather unimpressive
structure. Its depth beneath the general surface was 2 feet and less
and the walls in general were rather gently sloping; its effectiveness
as a protective feature was enhanced, however, by piling the exca-
vated dirt along the outside of the trench. As at Rock Village, evi-
dence of such specialized features as bastions was lacking.
As was to be expected in view of the late date (1862) and the
brief occupancy (about 3 months) of the village, artifacts were not
abundant in the excavations and objects of native manufacture were
especially scanty. There were a few stone artifacts, including a well-
chipped triangular point with straight base and a pair of side notches,
an ovate scraper, retouched flakes, and a whetstone. Most of the
chipped objects are of “Knife River flint,” and the whetstone is of
fine-grained sandstone. Two or three bone fragments were modified
in a minor fashion, but there are no indubitable implements of that
material. Also, about the same number of shell fragments bear evi-
dence of cutting or perforating. Approximately 300 pottery sherds,
46 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
most of them small, were recovered. While the number and size are
so small that virtually nothing can be said about them in reference
to form, decorative treatment, etc. (except that they have simple-
stamped bodies), the ware represented is of surprisingly good quality,
suggesting a much earlier date than that of the village for its
fabrication.
Objects of White origin, recovered in rather small quantities, in-
clude glass beads; nails, files, and knives of iron; tinklers; tin cans
and cups; sheet iron; and fragments of glass, mostly from bottles.
During the period June to October 1951, a party under the super-
vision of G. Hubert Smith accomplished the first excavation of a site
of White provenience in the Garrison Reservoir area. The site was
that of Fort Stevenson, a frontier military post from June 1867 until
August 1883 and thereafter utilized as an Indian school until 1894.
The post was established primarily for the protection of the Three
Affiliated Tribes, who were living at Like-a-Fishhook Village a few
miles above on the same side of the Missouri River, and of emigrants
from the east en route to the gold mines of Montana. The availabil-
ity of detailed official records of the post in the National Archives
(utilized in a comprehensive historical account by Mattison, 1951)
and of a contemporary account of life there by the commanding
officer during part of its existence (de Trobriand, 1951) provides
an opportunity for correlating archeological and historical data. It
was of course impossible to uncover the entire post area, or even the
major part of it. But during the time available sufficient excavation
was accomplished to check on the accuracy of contemporary records,
to supplement them in matters of architecture, for example, and to
recover a large collection of artifacts of the period during which the
site was occupied. In general, the archeological results confirmed the
contemporary records, although certain discrepancies, notably in the
relative positions of certain structures, were revealed. Excavation
was concentrated on features to the south and southwest of the parade
ground, near the edge of the terrace on which the post was located
and in an area that has been less affected by cultivation than have
other parts of the site (pl. 7, 0).
A plan of the post made in 1879 was available during the investi-
gations and was very useful in the laying out of excavation units
and in the study of the site generally. Examination of the plan and
of the existing surface permitted the selection of areas for excavation
which promised to yield the most information for the effort expended.
On the basis of these two sources of information, the hospital, the
west half of the south barracks, the south officers’ quarters, the com-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-195I—COOPER 47
missary storehouse, and the commanding officer’s quarters were se-
lected for more or less complete stripping. In addition, two latrines,
one of the military period and one of the Indian school period, were
excavated.
Excavation revealed that the walls of all the buildings had been
erected upon footings of masonry composed of field stone, either un-
altered or very roughly dressed, laid in rather shallow trenches.
Often, owing to subsequent activities—intentional leveling or the re-
moval of stones for other purposes—these footings did not extend
to their full original height. The walls of the larger buildings were
constructed mainly of adobe bricks made from local materials,
with some timber framework, while the officers’ quarters apparently
were primarily of timber, with adobe-brick packing. Chimneys were
made of fired brick, probably all shipped in from St. Louis, if we
may judge by their similarity to specimens that bear inscriptions of
the maker. Occasionally, the remnants of sills were found lying upon
the footings, and additional wooden elements were found in the area
of the commanding officers’ quarters, but details of the timber con-
struction of the buildings were usually absent. A few cellars were
found. Usually they were simple excavations, but that in the com-
missary storehouse was walled and floored with fired brick. The two
latrine sites differed. One was marked by a simple pit, while the
other was characterized by a pit that had been shored with planks set
on end. The contents indicated that the former was in use primarily,
or exclusively, during the time the site was used as a school, the other
during the military period and apparently for the most part by per-
sonnel and patients in the hospital.
The objects recovered in the excavations are of great variety and
represent most of the activities that took place on the site, even the
recent agricultural activity. While many of the objects—e.g., military
buttons and parts of school desks—can be attributed rather surely to
the period of the post or to that of the Indian school, many others,
such as tablewares of various kinds, may derive from any phase
of the occupation of the site. This is true especially because of the
fact that a number of the buildings were utilized during both periods
and the commanding officer’s house, furthermore, was used still later
as a farmhouse. Since little new was added to our knowledge of the
site from the architectural point of view, the major contribution of
the archeological investigation here is the light it casts on the every-
day activities at the fort, revealed by the objects recovered. This
information supplements the formal history of the establishment
recorded in the official archives.
48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Smith’s party completed its work of the 1951 season by making
small-scale test excavations in a site believed to be that of Kipp’s fur
trading post (32MNr), near the mouth of White Earth River. Traces
of a stockade were uncovered, as well as evidence that the post had
been burned. The few specimens recovered are consistent with the
fairly early date, about 1825, of that establishment. This would ap-
pear to be one of the most important sites of the fur-trade period in
the Garrison Reservoir, and it should be adequately investigated
before its destruction.
Sheyenne Reservoir site—The Sheyenne River, in the area of the
proposed reservoir, flows in a narrow, rather steep-sided valley. Pre-
vious reconnaissance, in 1946, had revealed the presence of small
camp sites on the valley floor and of village and mound sites on the
bordering uplands. The reconnaissance of six days in 1951 added
three sites—two camp sites and a mound—to the list of those known.
It appears that the sites actually below the pool level are not of great
importance and that significant archeological resources will be affected
adversely only by construction activities or other developments outside
the reservoir proper.
SOUTH DAKOTA
Most of the field work in South Dakota during this period consisted
of an intensive program of investigation of selected sites. Excava-
tions were continued in the Angostura Reservoir during the first half
of the 1950 season, and excavation parties were in the Fort Randall
and Oahe Reservoirs both years. Additional reconnaissance was
accomplished in both these latter areas, and the Gavins Point Reser-
voir, scheduled for early activation, was surveyed.
Angostura Reservoir site—The Angostura Reservoir is a lake ap-
proximately 10 miles long on the Cheyenne River where this stream
skirts the southern edge of the Black Hills. Rather extensive investi-
gations, involving numerous sites, had been accomplished during the
summers of 1948 and 1949, but some additional work was deemed
urgently needed before complete filling of the reservoir, which had
already begun by the spring of 1950. By April 20 of that year a
number of sites just above the dam, including one, 39FA68, which
had been strongly recommended for further excavation, were cov-
ered by water. Of especial urgency was more intensive examination
of site 39FA65 (the Ray Long site) on Horsehead Creek. There
deeply buried evidences of occupation had been exposed only at
limited points, owing to the thickness and toughness of the over-
burden, in the side of a ravine. Previous excavations had revealed
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-195I—COOPER 49
the presence of small fireplaces which had not been dug beneath the
living surface and were unaccompanied by stones. The predominant
projectile point recovered there is lanceolate with sides contracting
to a straight or slightly concave base and exhibiting exceedingly fine
oblique ribbon flaking; the basal edges have been ground. Many of
these points are made of a fine-grained quartzite, available in quarries
within a few miles of the site. This point, originally referred to as
the “Long point,” from the name of the owner of the land on which
site 39 A65 was located (Hughes, 1949, p. 270), is now commonly
known as the “Angostura point” (Wheeler, 1954). Other artifacts
recovered include small end scrapers, knives of plate chalcedony, per-
cussion-flaked blades, drills, side scrapers, flake scrapers, and manos
but, unfortunately, many of these specimens were collected from the
ravine slopes. It seems reasonable to suppose that most if not all of
them have been derived, through erosion, from occupational deposits
equivalent to those uncovered by excavation, but unhappily the asso-
ciation is not certain.
In the early summer of 1950, during a period of 54 weeks, more
extensive areas of the Long site were uncovered by the combined use
of machinery and hand labor. A bulldozer was used to remove the
overburden at two fairly widely separated locations (Areas A and
B) in the site (pl. 8, a). Two large trenches (50 by 40 feet and 70
by 40 feet) in Area B were excavated by this means to maximum
depths of 7 feet and 10 feet respectively, leaving 4 to over 4 feet of
earth above the occupational zone. At Area A, where most of the pre-
viously excavated artifacts had been recovered, a space 85 feet long
and 50 feet wide was stripped to an average depth of approximately
34 feet. Excavations were then carried out by hand below the floors
of the bulldozer trenches (pl. 8, b). Two smaller exploratory trenches,
one west of Area A and the other east of Area B, were also dug with
the bulldozer.
In Area B evidences of two occupations, represented by small,
simple hearths, were found. There were only a few flakes in the
lower level, but the upper level produced fragments of rough lanceo-
late blades, a metate, a mano fragment, and many flakes of quartzite
and chalcedony. In Area A four fragments of Angostura points and
numerous chalcedony and quartzite flakes were found with four
hearths representing a single occupation. Charcoal was collected from
both areas. Two samples, one collected in 1949, the other in 1950,
have been tested by the radiocarbon method and have been assigned
ages of 7073 + 300 and 7715 + 740 years. Unfortunately, both
samples were from Area B, where diagnostic points have not been
50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
found in place; it is probable, however, that adequate samples for
testing from Area A are on hand. There seems to be little reason to
doubt that the occupations at Areas A and B are substantially contem-
poraneous. Fragments of Angostura points have been found on the
surface of the eroded edge of Area B, and the deposits in both areas
have yielded an abundance of very thin flakes of fine-grained quartzite
which are apparently the byproducts of the manufacture of these
points.
During a period of approximately three weeks, tests made previ-
ously in two pottery sites in the reservoir were extended. Several
days were spent at 39FA23, rather extensively trenched in 1948 and
1949. This site, situated on Horsehead Creek, not far from 39FA65,
had produced evidence of a series of brief, intermittent occupations,
possibly by hunting parties of agricultural people from settled com-
munities to the east or south. No evidences of structures had been
found, but there were numerous unprepared hearths scattered through
the area of occupation. The investigations in 1950 uncovered seven
new hearths and added materially to the artifact collection. The site
has yielded pottery in relatively abundant quantities. Vessels appear
to be globular with rounded shoulders and have simple flaring rims,
which are undecorated or are decorated only on the lip or at the lip~
outer rim juncture. Lip decorations are incised; in the few instances
where the rim has been modified adjacent to the lip that was done by
impressing. Body sherds are plain or, more often, stamped with a
paddle wrapped with a fibrous material which sometimes, but prob-
ably not invariably, was loosely twisted. Frequently the stamping
extends to the full height of the rim. There are perhaps a few simple-
stamped sherds in the collection. Other artifacts include stemmed
and triangular points, the latter both side-notched and plain; plano-
convex end scrapers; drills; large blades; and rare bone artifacts.
Materials utilized for the chipped-stone objects include chalcedony,
chert, jasper, and fine-grained quartzite. There is a suggestion, in
pottery and point differences at least, that more than one cultural
entity was involved in the repeated occupations of this site. The pre-
dominant pottery does not appear to be identical to that of any com-
plex defined to date, but its general character is certainly not incon-
gruous with an assignment to the middle ceramic horizon of the
Plains and, more specifically, is suggestive of certain of the pottery
associated with the Upper Republican complex to the south.
Site 39FA83 is a camp site on a low terrace on the left side of
Horsehead Creek, where some trenching had been done in 1949. Dur-
ing two weeks in the spring of 1950 the earlier excavations were con-
———— SSS
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, IQ50-IQ5I—COOPER 51
siderably expanded to uncover 27 unprepared hearths and an area
about 7 feet in diameter paved with fragmented concretions which
may be the floor of a sweat lodge. The evidence suggests a seasonal
hunting camp occupied by one or more groups of agricultural people
whose main settlements were outside the immediate area. The pot-
tery, of which there is only a fair sample, is a rather heterogeneous
lot as to paste, tempering, and surface finish. Both coarse, heavily
grit-tempered, and compact, sparsely tempered pastes are represented.
Surfaces are cord-marked or smooth, and two smooth sherds, contain-
ing as tempering material thin plates of what appears to be shell,
have polished outer surfaces. One of these bears the remnant of a
rather elaborate incised design. The few rims are simple flaring or
recurve slightly toward the mouth to create a slightly S-shaped profile.
They may be undecorated or the space between the lip and neck may
be filled with a series of rather crudely incised horizontal lines ; incis-
ing of the lip is rare. Other artifacts include small triangular side-
notched and plain points of chert, chalcedony, jasper, quartzite, and
obsidian ; drills; and a number of fairly large blades, some stemmed,
most often made of quartzite. Diagnostic bone artifacts are rare.
The 1950 work at Angostura, terminated July 18 when the Wheeler
party moved to Boysen Reservoir for the remainder of the season,
did not materially change the general cultural picture as it was deline-
ated by the two earlier seasons’ work and was described by Wedel
(1953b, pp. 74-80). It did, however, considerably expand our knowl-
edge of three sites, one occupied by an early hunting and gathering
people, the others by late prehistoric groups whose main settlements
were probably elsewhere, and did nothing to invalidate the characteri-
zation of the region as one which had been occupied on a temporary
basis by people of various cultures for many millennia. The evidence
points, not to intensive and prolonged occupation, but to brief, and
probably seasonal, incursions from various directions—probably from
considerable distances—by small groups attracted by the varied re-
sources available here. As Wedel has pointed out, this situation pre-
sents an unusual potentiality for determining temporal and cultural
sequences involving groups ordinarily so separated spatially as to
make correlation difficult or impossible.
Fort Randall Reservoir site—Reconnaissance in 1947, together
with information from South Dakota institutions and the documen-
tary research of National Park historians, had revealed that sites of
Indian and frontier White provenience were numerous in this reservoir,
but, except for some test-trenching in 1947 and a salvage excavation
in the area of the spillway at the dam site in 1949, no excavation was
52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
possible until 1950. This was despite the steady progress on construc-
tion of the dam since 1946 and the rapidly diminishing time available
for the salvage of history and prehistory along a segment of the Mis-
souri River completely lacking in published archeological excavations.
In 1950 a single party, headed by Thomas R. Garth, searched selected
portions of the reservoir for previously unlocated sites, especially
those of White origin, reinvestigated a number of previously recorded
locations, and carried out a program of excavation primarily in his-
toric sites but incidentally also in one prehistoric Indian village. This
party was in operation from July 17 to November 4. In 1951, a small
party under the supervision of Carl F. Miller spent a rather brief
period continuing the excavation of a post of the fur-trade period
which had been only briefly tested the previous summer. Miller left
Lincoln for the field July 24 and returned September 18. Also dur-
ing this summer a start was made on a program of intensive excava-
tions in aboriginal sites by a unit led by Robert B. Cumming, Jr.
This unit was in the field from June 5 to November 6.
The main purpose of the Garth and Miller parties was the inves-
tigation of sites related to the White history of the region whose
existence and significance had been established or suggested by the
research activities of historians of the National Park Service. That
agency has assumed the responsibility for outlining the broad pro-
gram of historic-sites archeology and for the selection of specific sites
to be investigated. The archeology, both in the field and in the labo-
ratory, is done by the Smithsonian River Basin Surveys, and the
archeologists charged with these duties maintain close liaison with
the Park Service historians in the Omaha regional office.
The Garth party began the 1950 season with an intensive search of
an area in which construction for the dam was imminent and where
it was suspected, on the basis of certain historical records, the origi-
nal Fort Randall had stood. This important military establishment
was founded in 1856 and originally consisted largely of crude log
buildings. During the period 1870-1872 a new post was built after
the earlier buildings were for the most part torn down, and was oc-
cupied until 1892. The ruins of the permanent post, lying downstream
from the dam, are still clearly visible. The examination of the area
some hundreds of yards above these surface remains, where it was
believed the earlier quadrangle might have been situated, produced
no affirmative evidence and it appears probable that the new construc-
tion was on the site of the earlier unit. This site, including the pic-
turesque ruins of the Fort Randall church, will not be adversely
affected by the dam, but a limited area containing brick and other
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-195I—COOPER 53
debris, apparently associated with the military post, found on a lower
terrace to the southeast will probably be covered by a proposed chalk
blanket.
Other sites which were revisited and in which minor test pits were
dug include Whetstone Agency, established in 1868 for Brule and
Ogallala Sioux and occupied until 1872; the Lower Brule Agency
at the mouth of American Crow Creek, which was in existence from
1868 to 1892, at which time the Agency was moved to its present
location near the Big Bend of the Missouri River; and Fort Hale,
the military post attached to the Lower Brule Agency, but located
several miles above it. At each of these sites there was abundant evi-
dence, in the form of surface irregularities and debris, of the former
existence of the establishments in question, although most of Fort
Hale had been destroyed by a shift in the course of the Missouri
River. A search was made for the site of the Brule Agency, a very
temporary predecessor of Whetstone Agency presumably situated
just below the mouth of the White River. No evidence of the site
was observed, perhaps because there was little construction during
its brief existence in 1867.
Owing to its importance in the history of White penetration of the
region, notably its connection with the Leavenworth expedition of
1823 to chastise the Arikara, the site of Fort Recovery, possibly
identifiable with the Cedar Fort referred to in earlier sources as in the
same vicinity, was made the object of a protracted and intensive
search, but without success. Mattes (1949, pp. 522-528) has made a
convincing case for its location within a rather restricted area on the
right side of the Missouri near Oacoma, but repeated examinations of
the present surface and numerous test pits failed to produce indica-
tions of its presence. It may be that the post was on a lower terrace
and has been covered by flood deposits, since there is reason to believe
it was occupied long enough to have left ample traces of its existence.
The most intensive excavations of the 1950 season in the Fort Ran-
dall Reservoir were at a site (39L.M53) superficially marked by low
mounds and depressions and by fragments of burned earth. The site
lies along the border of a flat, uncultivated terrace immediately adja-
cent to the timbered bottoms on the west side of the Missouri River
about 3 miles above Chamberlain. Horizontal stripping of two of the
mounds uncovered two structural units, each consisting of two rooms
separated by a roofed space. Fortunately the structures were burned so
that there were observable certain details of construction which are usu-
ally obscure in the sites of destroyed wooden buildings. Thus it seems
certain that only the northern room of the more southerly unit had
54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
been floored with wood. The other rooms and the “breezeways” sim-
ply had earth floors. Concentrations of burned chinking in general
revealed the positions of the walls, and impressions in this material
indicated that these walls were composed of logs of eastern red cedar
and probably cottonwood.
The floored room of the southern unit contained a fireplace built
of chalkstone, between which and the wall behind it was a clay filling
presumably installed to safeguard the wall from fire. Separated from
this room by a space 7 feet wide was another room of approximately
the same size which, judging from its furnishings and other contents,
was a blacksmith shop. Near the north wall was a chalkstone plat-
form about 4 by 5 feet in horizontal dimensions and 8 inches high
which it is suspected served as the base of a forge. Three feet south
of this stood a g-inch oak post which may have supported an anvil,
and on the floor perhaps 44 feet still farther south were the remains
(2 iron hoops and a small amount of charred wood) of a large bar-
rel, perhaps to contain water. In addition, the room contained a large
quantity of iron stock and a number of fragments of tools and other
iron objects. The space between the two rooms was not only roofed
but it was also enclosed at the ends by vertical planks whose lower
ends were set about 2 inches into narrow trenches. A break in the
east wall was probably a doorway. The other double unit was rather
less well defined, but it too consisted of two rooms, one of which con-
tained a fireplace, separated by a space which had probably been
roofed. Here, however, the rooms were separated by approximately
19 feet.
Near this latter structure were the remains of a well marked by a
surface depression approximately to feet across and 24 feet deep. It
may originally have been somewhat deeper than the 18 feet at which
the Garth party was forced to terminate its excavation because of the
movement of sand and water into the hole. Below a point 12 feet
from the surface, the well was cribbed with split oak logs, notched
at the ends. It was from here that many of the better-preserved
artifacts were recovered. These included 58 ice gliders and a number
of shoes. The one other feature excavated in the site was a cellar,
the architectural details of which were rather obscure and from which
few artifacts were recovered.
The site yielded artifacts only in moderate quantities. Items that
appear to be specifically of military origin are a few .50-.70 caliber,
center-fire cartridges of the type used by the United States Army in
the 1860’s and 1870’s and a fragment of a hat insigne of brass. Other
objects of White manufacture include sections of an octagonal rifle
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I195I—COOPER 55
barrel, a toothed flesher of iron similar in design to the fleshers made
from bison or elk metapodials which occur commonly in relatively
late Plains Indian sites, a stoneware crock marked “Dakota City,
N.T.” probably made by the Dakota City Pottery (in operation as
early as 1859), a number of metal wagon parts, and miscellaneous
items such as chain links, buttons, etc. The ice gliders, made from
the ribs of large mammals, are undoubtedly of Indian manufacture.
The complete specimens are pointed at one end, while the square bases
are hollowed to receive the feathered sticks which were originally
part of these objects. Thirteen of the specimens are decorated with
incised designs of various kinds which include series of diamonds,
series of triangles, dots forming a triangle, and straight lines. Among
the few realistic representations are one of a bird and one of an
actual ice glider, complete with feathers. Their presence in the well
suggests that it may have served as a target in the game with which
these objects were associated.
There is apparently no historical record which will permit the iden-
tification of this site on the basis of its location alone. The presence
of military items, the dates indicated by some of the specimens, and
the location of the site within a few miles of the Lower Brule Agency
at the mouth of American Crow Creek strongly suggest, however,
that it is the site of the original Fort Lower Brule, the military post
established for the protection of the Agency in 1870, but moved to
Fort Hale in the same year. Both the earthenware crock, which can-
not be earlier than 1859, and the cartridges in use during the 1860’s
and 1870’s are consistent with this identification.
During the excavations at site 39_M53, tests made in a depression
a few hundred feet distant and on a higher terrace revealed the pres-
ence of a prehistoric occupation. Extensions of the test trenches un-
covered a rectangular house and yielded a moderate quantity of pot-
tery and other artifactual materials, which appear to be similar to
materials from the Thomas Riggs site (Meleen, 1949). Further ex-
cavations should be undertaken at that site, 39LM5'5, to permit a
more comprehensive definition of the complex represented.
Late in the season the party accomplished small-scale testing in two
sites on the west side of the river near the southern boundary of the
Lower Brule Indian Reservation. At one of them, the site of a mili-
tary post, Fort Lookout (39LM63), occupied for only a year in 1856
and 1857, evidence was found of the former presence of structures.
About 300 yards to the southeast stripping also uncovered evidences
of occupation. Limitations of time and personnel prevented more
56 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
than the briefest examination of this site (39LM57), and intensive
investigation was postponed until the field season of 1951.
Primarily during the late weeks of the season, after the party had
been drastically reduced by the return of personnel to school, addi-
tional reconnaissance of parts of the reservoir area, mostly on the
west side of the river, was accomplished. A number of previously
recorded sites were reexamined and 30 new sites were found,
bringing the total number of known archeological locations in the
Fort Randall Reservoir to 123.
The Miller party devoted its entire time in 1951 to further investi-
gation of site 39L.M57, found and briefly tested by Garth the previ-
ous year. Four levels of occupation were reported, the upper two
referable to establishments of White construction, the lower two of
prehistoric age. The upper level yielded briquettes, ashes, and burned
timbers outlining an area, presumably the site of a building, 70 feet
long and 20 feet wide. Except for what appeared to be a fireplace
footing of chalkstone, details of construction were virtually lacking.
It was not possible, for example, to find evidence relative to the parti-
tioning of the structure into rooms. It is believed, however, that the
floor was of earth. At a depth of about 0.2 foot beneath this level
were indications of another structure. Here again structural details
were absent except that short sections of horizontal molds indicated
a log building.
The somewhat scanty materials recovered from the historic levels
included china and crockery fragments, glass beads, fragments of
trade pipes and bottles, buttons, cartridges cases, and miscellaneous
hardware. Much of this material is of little diagnostic value as far
as age and source are concerned—or insufficient studies have been
made to demonstrate such value—but a few items provide some light
on the time factor. Thus, percussion caps recovered are stated to be
of a type used possibly during the period 1822-1850 and some beads
are of a variety with a terminal date of 1825 at other sites. Both
hand-made and machine-cut nails, the latter dating from not earlier
than the late 1830’s, are in the collection.
On the basis of documentary materials it has been suggested by
Merrill Mattes, National Park Service Regional Historian, that
39LM57 may well be the site of a “French” Fur Company trading post,
called Fort Lookout, which was in existence in 1833. This site ap-
pears to have been abandoned at some unknown date after 1833, and
then to have been reoccupied in 1840 by an independent trader named
La Barge and finally abandoned in 1851. The available archeological
evidence seems consistent with this identification, especially if recon-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I95I—COOPER 57
struction was necessary at the time of reoccupation. Such reconstruc-
tion would account for the presence of the superimposed structures
and of machine-cut nails. There appears to be nothing among the
artifact materials which would be incompatible with this hypothesis.
Unfortunately, neither the contemporary accounts of Fort Lookout
trading post nor the archeological remains materially illuminate the
problem from the architectural point of view.
The associations of the remains of a well-defined structure (pl. 9, a)
are uncertain. Vertical posts, set close together in a trench on two
sides and one end and more widely spaced in individual holes on the
other end, enclosed a rectangular area 35 feet long and 27 feet wide.
Three interior post molds suggest roof supports. There was no well-
defined fireplace, but there was a fairly large, circular burned area
near the center of the enclosure. A gap near a corner on one long
side may represent an entrance. Many butts of posts, mostly cotton-
wood, remained in place and all had flat bases as though they had been
sawed. It is reported to have underlain the other historic features,
and it was partially superimposed upon a circle of post molds asso-
ciated with a deeper cultural deposit.
Separated by 6 inches of sterile earth from the base of the deposit
attributed to the trading post was evidence of a prehistoric Indian
occupation with which were associated irregular shallow pits and
numerous post holes. In two instances post holes were arranged in
such fashion as to suggest the former presence of small circular struc-
tures, 18 feet and 19 feet in diameter, respectively. A fireplace was
found near the center of one of the circles and there were traces of
burned earth in the central portion of the other. In neither case was
there evidence for interior support posts. Other post molds on the
same level possibly show the location of racks to hold supplies or for
drying hides. Beneath this horizon and separated from it by a sterile
deposit 4 inches thick, were traces of an earlier occupation consisting
of a compacted surface suggesting a house floor, a number of pits,
and a quantity of refuse material.
Since the artifacts and illustrations of them are not available, the
brief discussion here of the materials recovered from the two pre-
historic horizons is based entirely on the descriptions in a manuscript
on site 39L.M57 prepared by Miller. Both occupations are attributed
to a single cultural complex, which Miller believes is closely related
to the Upper Republican aspect of the central Plains. Stone artifacts
include notched and unnotched triangular points, end scrapers, mis-
cellaneous knives and scrapers, gravers, and drills of quartzite, chal-
cedony, jasper, chert, and flint, as well as a number of ground-stone
58 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
forms. The latter include grooved mauls, sandstone shaft smoothers,
pumice rubbing and sharpening stones, hammerstones, and pipes and
miscellaneous objects of catlinite. Among the bone artifacts are awls,
spatulate objects, scrapers or knives of scapula fragments, bird-bone
tubes, and flakers. Two fragments of antler are rather elaborately
decorated. The pottery is described as representing predominantly
globular vessels with either plain or cord-marked surfaces. Handles
are apparently rare. Decoration is confined to the rim, which may be
simple or collared and is predominantly incised, although there is
some pinching of the outer lip margin. Incised designs, found only
on the rim exterior, include series of horizontal, vertical, or diagonal
lines, pendant triangles, hachures, and combinations of these. One
distinctive decorative treatment consists of a series of horizontal lines
across which a single line meanders angularly around the rim. Also
found were a few plain sherds of conoidal vessels, from the lowest
levels of the site, and thick, heavily tempered sherds with exterior
nodes.
The second field unit in the Fort Randall Reservoir area in 1951
spent the five-month season in the investigation of aboriginal sites
near the mouth of Platte Creek, some 30 miles by river above the dam.
Most of the work consisted of excavation in the stratified Oldham
site (39CH7), which lies on a rather extensive terrace bordering
what is now a narrow river bottom. Since the site has been under
cultivation for many years, surface features are lacking except for
the portions of a defensive ditch which lie along the edge of the ter-
race and the bank of a ravine which bounds the site on the northwest.
Test excavations there in the fall of 1947 had produced evidence of
two occupations separated by a sterile silty deposit. The upper zone,
which had been substantially destroyed by the plow except for fea-
tures (such as houses and cache pits) excavated beneath the general
village surface, produced, among other rather abundant remains,
simple-stamped pottery, while the lower yielded a very small quantity
of cord-marked pottery sherds and other debris. Two circular earth
lodges attributable to the later occupation were uncovered at that time.
The excavations in 1951 produced information primarily relating
to the later of the two previously observed occupations. Test trenches
across the ditch, both in places where it was still visible on the surface
and where it had been filled by cultivation, showed it to be 3 to 4
feet deep and about 5 feet wide, with sloping sides. An additional
element in the fortification complex was a stockade of vertical posts,
spaced an average of I to 2 feet apart, a few feet inside the ditch.
Two bastions were found in the 450 feet of stockade uncovered.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, 1950-195I—COOPER 59
Seven earth lodges resembling more or less closely the two previously
investigated and another, deviant, structure were excavated in the area
enclosed within the ditch (Area A). The lodges (pl. 9, 0), circular
in ground plan, were outlined with posts and, with one exception, had
four inner roof support posts. The exception, an unusually large
house, boasted six center posts. Other invariable features were basin-
like central fireplaces and vestibule entrances. The atypical structure
had a central fireplace and four center posts in a compacted floor area,
but there was no outer row of posts nor was there evidence to indi-
cate the nature of the entrance. Cache pits within the houses were
rare, and the few that did occur were ordinarily small, but the nu-
merous test trenches excavated throughout Area A uncovered a num-
ber of large cache pits, as well as some 20 other refuse-filled pits,
probably originally borrow pits.
The excavations in Area A failed to uncover any considerable con-
centrations of material in the lower occupational level, but tests made
late in the season to the southeast and outside the ditch-enclosed vil-
lage demonstrated that the terrace had been rather intensively oc-
cupied during the earlier period. In this location (designated Area B),
a buried zone apparently corresponding to the lower level in Area A
was found to contain cultural debris, including cord-marked pottery,
in quantity. Above this zone, the soil that had been disturbed by
cultivation contained material like that in the late occupation of the
fortified part of the site. One earth lodge, falling within the range of
those lying inside the ditch, was excavated, as were several pits, some
assignable to the upper level and others to the lower one.
Pending laboratory analysis, it is not possible to say much about
the artifact complexes of the two occupations. As previously indi-
cated, the earlier pottery is characterized by predominantly cord-
marked bodies, the later by simple-stamped bodies. The pottery of
the later component appears to resemble rather closely that of the
Oacoma sites (39LM26 and 39LM27), excavated by the Nebraska
State Historical Society, and of the Fort Thompson focus component
at the Talking Crow site, investigated by the University of Kansas.
The ceramics from these sites, and probably the remainder of the
artifact complex as well, seem related, not at all remotely, to the
Lower Loup sites in Nebraska. Roughly equivalent dates for the
various sites are suggested by the presence of relatively minor amounts
of White trade materials, although there are undoubtedly some time
differences. The late component of the Oldham site, for example, is
probably somewhat earlier than the Oacoma sites, judged by the
relative quantities of trade goods.
60 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
The pottery of the earlier component appears to comprise a new
complex at least for the immediate vicinity of the Missouri River.
Much of it is characterized by straight, outsloping rims which often
meet the body of the vessel at a sharp angle. The juncture of rim and
body on the interior is often an especially abrupt angle. Handles ap-
pear to be absent. Some of the vessels represented by sherds of this
sort are undecorated or, in a few instances, have short incised or im-
pressed lines at the outer edge of the lip, but an apparently large pro-
portion bear incised decorations on the exterior of the rim. On most
if not all of these decorated vessels there is a series of short diagonal
or vertical lines incised or impressed on the rim immediately adjacent
to the lip. The rim beneath the narrow band formed by these lines
is characteristically filled simply by a series of horizontal lines extend-
ing continuously around the vessel or by a similar series crossed by
single or paired diagonal lines which are either continuous rectilinear
meanders or are separated by varying distances where they approach
the lip and neck. Variations include the omission of the horizontal
lines beneath the diagonals and the occasional filling of the upper
triangles with oblique lines. Where the space below the diagonals is
left plain, the meander extends only part of the way up the rim and
is topped by a series of continuous horizontal lines. At least many
of these sherds appear to be indistinguishable from Great Oasis
ceramics as described by Wilford (1945).
Also found in Area B was a fair quantity of pottery at least some
of which closely resembles in form and design that just described
except that the decoration is applied by impressing with single cords
rather than by incising. It is as yet uncertain whether a time differ-
ence within the site suggested by the superposition of certain features
can be correlated with these pottery differences. Also of interest in
this connection is the presence of a minor quantity of cord-marked
pottery with collared, incised rims.
The Hitchell site (39CH45), also near the mouth of Platte Creek,
was briefly investigated during the latter part of the 1951 season.
Depressions were visible in that part of the site still in native grass,
and occupational debris was present on the surface of the cultivated
portion. Excavation was carried out in three of the depressions and
three trenches were dug in the cultivated area. Fireplaces and post
molds were found beneath the depressions, but a well-defined pattern-
ing of posts was not apparent. The posts appeared to be unusually
small, and no evidence of the conventional earth-lodge entrance was
found. Some sort of a light structure without an earth covering
seems indicated. Artifacts associated with these structures suggest a
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLSeL267s NOM 2) Plea)
a, Workers clearing site of rectangular structure in 391.M57, site of Fort Lookout
trading post and prehistoric Indian village, Fort Randall Reservoir, S. Dak. Lines of
holes mark locations of vertical posts.
b, View of circular house, after excavation, and general site surface in Area A of the
Oldham site, 39CH7, Fort Randall Reservoir. Missouri River in background.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 2126, INO. 2; Pilea
SM I wes
a, House floors at the Dodd site, 39ST30, Oahe Reservoir, after excavation of the
earlier, rectangular house had removed part of the later, circular house. Note double
row of inner roof supports and ramp into house from vestibule entrance.
b, Rectangular house underlying later, circular house at Dodd site, 39ST30, Oahe
Reservoir.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLE Gra NO gaze 2 leemat
a, Aerial view of Philip Ranch site, 39ST14, Oahe Reservoir, a year after final
excavation by River Basin Surveys in 1951.
b, Excavation of house floor in Philip Ranch site, 39ST14, Oahe Reservoir. The
size of the house, its central location in the village, and the presence of the earthen
platform opposite the entrance suggest it was probably a ceremonial lodge.
é
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL: 126, (NO: 2, Pi
a, Rectangular house in early component of Cheyen
Reservoir.
b, Circular house in historic component of Cheyenne River site, 39S5T1, Oahe Reservoir.
Unburned cedar timbers on house floor at left of vestibule entrance.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50-195I—COOPER 61
rather close relationship to the later component at the Oldham site,
previously discussed. Evidence was also found of an earlier occupa-
tion which appears to be similar to that of the earlier Oldham com-
ponent. This evidence was mainly from a number of pits. It is evi-
dent that additional investigation of this site, as well as of the area
of the concentrated earlier occupation at Oldham, is urgently needed.
In addition to the excavations accomplished, the Fort Randall In-
dian sites party undertook some additional reconnaissance. A number
of sites, mostly within a few miles of Platte Creek, were reexamined
and two new sites were found. Test trenches were excavated in a
number of the sites in order to determine whether intensive excava-
tion is needed.
Gavins Point Reservoir site—The Gavins Point Reservoir, to be
created by a dam across the Missouri River approximately 3 miles
above Yankton, S. Dak., will be confined to the channel and flood
plain of the river and will accordingly not destroy archeological re-
sources unless construction activities affect sites on higher terrain.
Three sites previously known and of considerable archeological im-
portance lie on the uplands bordering the reservoir, while the two
sites discovered during a 4-day reconnaissance in September 1951
will not be flooded and are, furthermore, apparently of minor
importance.
Oahe Reservoir site-—The Oahe Dam, the largest structure in the
Missouri Basin water-development program, will create a reservoir
more than 260 miles long. Water will be backed up by the dam near
Pierre, S. Dak., to a point near Bismarck, N. Dak. The nature of the
reservoir area and the salvage problem posed by the proposed inunda-
tion of this archeologically rich segment of the Missouri River Valley
have been fully described by Wedel (1953a) and need not be detailed
again here. Suffice it to say that our various sources of information—
our own surveys, the reports of other scientific institutions and of
interested individuals, and such records as systematic aerial photo-
graphic surveys—make it clear that literally hundreds of sites, many
of them exceedingly large and impressive, will be destroyed when
the waters rise behind the Oahe Dam. Some of these sites are appar-
ently attributable to the Arikara, Mandan, and Cheyenne, all known
or believed to have been residents in the area for varying lengths of
time, but many others were undoubtedly occupied by various uniden-
tified groups. Collections of artifacts resulting from the limited exca-
vations to date and from surface surveys suggest that several
traditions are represented in the area.
Although a number of institutions have given the area to be affected
62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
by the Oahe Dam some attention, the amount of work accomplished to
date is only a microscopic proportion of the investigation that is
essential for even a bare sampling of the most important sites. Exca-
vations prior to 1950 of which there are published accounts have been
accomplished by the Bureau of American Ethnology in burials in the
Mobridge, S. Dak., vicinity in 1923 and in village sites in the same
Vicinity in 1932 (Stirling, 1924; Strong, 1940); by Columbia Uni-
versity and the State Historical Society of North Dakota at Slant
Village near Mandan, N. Dak., in 1938 (Strong, 1940; Will and
Hecker, 1944) ; by Columbia University at the Buffalo Pasture site
near Pierre, S. Dak., in 1939 (Strong, 1940); by the University of
South Dakota at the Thomas Riggs site, also near Pierre, in 1940 and
by the South Dakota Archaeological Commission at the same site in
1947 (Meleen, 1949) ; by the University of North Dakota and the
State Historical Society of North Dakota near Fort Yates, N. Dak.,
in 1947 (Hewes, 1949a, b) ; and by the South Dakota Archaeological
Commission at the Robinson and Myers sites, in the lower part of the
reservoir area, in 1948 and 1949 (George, 1949; Hoard, 1949). Much
of this work was on a small scale and in some instances constituted
little more than testing.
Except for very minor test trenching in two or three sites in 1948,
the year 1950 saw the first excavation by the River Basin Surveys
in the Oahe Reservoir area. The reconnaissance of 1948 had indi-
cated that at least three sites would be in jeopardy immediately upon
or soon after the initiation of construction on the dam. One of these,
the Dodd site (39ST30), lay on the course of the approach channel,
scheduled for early excavation. The others are the Philip Ranch
site (39ST14) in the work area just below the dam on the same
(right) bank of the river, and site 39 HU22, which will be covered
by the dam on the left bank. These three sites were accordingly sche-
duled for investigation in 1950 by a party supervised by Donald J.
Lehmer. Original plans were for relatively small-scale excavations
in the Dodd site, the first on the schedule because of the imminence
of its destruction. Early in the investigation, however, it became ap-
parent that this site was so complex and of such significance that
nearly all the resources of a comparatively large unit (13 to 19 work-
ers) were devoted to it until late October, when work was begun on
the Philip Ranch site. This unit remained in the field until the end
of November. During the summer, minor excavations were under-
taken in nearby sites, and a 2-man team spent some time in reconnais-
sance of the east side of the river between the dam site and the mouth
of the Cheyenne River.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50-195I—COOPER 63
In 1951 two excavation units were in operation in the Oahe Reser-
voir area. A party composed mainly of local workers, under Lehmer’s
supervision, returned to the Philip Ranch site, while another party,
led by Waldo R. Wedel and composed of student workers, established
camp at the mouth of the Cheyenne River to undertake the investiga-
tion of the Cheyenne River site (39ST1). Previous reconnaissance
and minor testing had indicated that the latter had been occupied
more than once and it was thought excavation would cast additional
light on the tradition represented by the later components of the sites
under investigation in the Oahe Dam area and demonstrate its tem-
poral relation to a new, as yet undefined complex. A survey team
detached from this unit reconnoitered parts of the Missouri River
banks, mainly on the east side, above the Cheyenne River.
The Dodd site was situated on the right bank of the Missouri River
on two sides of a ravine the bottom of which has been severely gullied
in relatively recent times. Both parts of the site were in sod and had
apparently never been cultivated. Depressions of varying size and
prominence characterized the surface and marked the locations of
some of the original houses and cache pits, but excavations revealed
that there were many such features for which there was no surface
evidence. In the time which was available before the contractor
moved his machinery onto the site to begin excavation for the ap-
proach channel, 21 houses were completely uncovered, and numerous
features outside the houses were excavated in test trenches. An addi-
tional eight houses were test-trenched. Houses of three different kinds
were found, in several instances in definite stratigraphic relationship
(pl. 10, a, b). Thus it is clear that nine circular houses and one octag-
onal structure (containing an altar and presumably having a cere-
monial function) belong to the latest occupation of the site, while
two earlier components are both characterized by rectangular houses,
which exhibit some differences. The rather shallow circular houses
had a central fireplace, a square central roof-support complex with
single or multiple posts at the corners, upright posts around the edge
of the pit, and a covered entrance passage. The entrances were ori-
ented generally toward the river. The rectangular structures were
alike in being oblong, having the fireplace situated between the center
and the entrance, having a step within the house at the doorway, and
in having the floor deeper than those of the round houses. An ante-
chamber was at least often a part of the entrance complex. In each
instance, the doorway was to the southwest, away from the river.
The earlier structures of this type, however, differed in that post holes
were distributed more or less evenly along all walls of the pit in con-
64 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
trast to the situation in the later houses, where the posts were con-
centrated along the two long sides. A roof construction differing
from that of the circular houses is suggested by the fact that single
or double rows of posts commonly lay on or parallel to the long axis
of the structure.
Cache pits were not abundant within the houses, and those which
were found there were usually relatively small. Outside cache pits
were usually larger and were ordinarily bell-shaped.
Differences in artifacts inventories were associated with the differ-
ent classes of houses. The pottery has been described by Lehmer
(1951). With the latest houses, those of circular form, was asso-
ciated simple-stamped pottery with rounded shoulders and rather
high, slightly curved rims which were usually thickened by the appli-
cation of a fillet on the portion adjoining the lip. The area above the
rim-body juncture was commonly brushed, and decoration is usually
confined to the fillet, where it consists either of cord impressions or
of incisions or impressions made with tools of various kinds. One
common rim treatment is a pinching which has produced a sinuous
appearance when the vessel is viewed from above. Lehmer has dis-
tinguished four types in this late-component pottery, all of which he
has assigned to a larger group which he has named Stanley ware.
This pottery resembles closely that which is found in numerous sites
scattered along the Missouri River from the vicinity of Pierre at
least as far upstream as the vicinity of Mobridge. Some of these sites
have been more or less surely identified with the Arikara of the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Thus, the Leavenworth
site (39COg), a few miles above the Grand River, is without doubt
the double Arikara village visited by Lewis and Clark and other
travelers in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, while it seems
probable the Tolton site (39ST25), approximately three miles below
the mouth of the Cheyenne River, is one of the Arikara villages visited
by Truteau in 1795.
The earlier pottery of the Dodd site is plain or cord-marked and
characterized by simple, collared, or S-shaped rims. To a large extent,
the types defined by Lehmer occur in both of the earlier components
but there are changes in popularity and in the later Anderson focus
component cord-impressed decoration largely replaces the incised
decoration of the earlier Monroe focus component.
There are differences in the inventories of other artifacts which
correlate with the differences in architecture and pottery. These can-
not be detailed here, but examples are the presence only in the late
Stanley focus component of toothed metapodial fleshers, elk-antler
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, 1950-195I—COOPER 65
scraper handles, and objects of metal. Scapula hoes, present in all
components, are characterized in the Stanley component by the re-
moval of the glenoid portion of the bone, whereas there is no such
alteration in the case of the earlier specimens.
All evidence indicated that the site was fortified only during the
second occupation. A ditch, 3.5 to 4 feet deep and about 3 feet wide,
extended across the ridge on which lay the northwestern part of the
site, to which the two earlier occupations were confined. This, to-
gether with the two shallow ravines that it connected, and the ter-
race slope, apparently constituted the sole defensive feature, for no
evidence of a palisade was found in the test trenches.
Despite the extensive excavations within the occupational area and
rather intensive search, by test trenching, of the ridge behind the
northwestern part of the site and a prominent hill adjoining the south-
eastern occupational area, no burials were found except for a single
hematite-stained cranium in the fill of one of the rectangular houses.
During the excavation of the Dodd site, three other sites were
briefly investigated. One of these, site 39ST53, was a burial on the
edge of the uplands in the dam area. Excavation revealed that a
boulder cairn, visible on the surface, covered two burials, the lower
one of which consisted of an articulated skeleton, complete only from
the pelvis up. This burial was accompanied by three strands of shell
disk beads, which lay on and near the skull. The upper grave, which
intruded into the lower one, contained only a number of disarticu-
lated bones, some of which had been burned, of at least two indi-
viduals. Another site (39ST33) was near the city of Fort Pierre in
an area which had been utilized as a borrow pit during the relocation
of U. S. Highway 14 and was scheduled to be again so used for the
access railroad to the dam. Test trenches indicated that the site was
almost if not completely destroyed by the earlier activity. Tests at
39HU2z2, which will lie beneath the dam on the east side of the river,
indicated that the nature of the soil was such that extensive excava-
tion would not be feasible. The collection from this site suggests a
relationship to the late occupation at the Dodd site, but there are
significant differences, at least in the pottery.
Also, during several weeks in August and September, a small recon-
naissance team worked on the left bank of the Missouri from the dam
site to the Little Bend, opposite the mouth of the Cheyenne River.
Many previously recorded sites were reexamined and 27 new sites
were found. Most of these are earth-lodge settlements, but a few
are mounds or cairns which probably mark the locations of burials.
The Little Bend proved to be especially prolific in sites. Almost every
66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
habitable surface there shows evidence of occupation in the form of
depressions numbering from two or three to several dozen. A con-
siderable time range for the occupations is suggested by the collections
recovered.
During the latter part of October and through the month of No-
vember 1950, and again in the summer of 1951, Lehmer excavated a
portion of the Philip Ranch site (39ST14) in the work area below
the dam and about a mile downstream from the Dodd site. This is a
very well-preserved village with a ditch entirely enclosing an oval area
approximately 400 feet long and 250 feet wide situated at the edge of
the first terrace above the river bottom (pl. 11 a). Well-defined de-
pressions indicated the presence of 23 lodge sites and a few smaller de-
pressions probably mark the locations of cache pits. Oddly enough,
in view of its conspicuous character and accessibility, the site appeared
to have suffered from none of the haphazard but often extensive pit-
ting which has been the fate of so many in the area. This is probably
explainable in terms of the tight sod cover which has prevented the
outcropping of cultural debris. Several examinations of the surface
prior to 1950 had resulted in the collection of less than 50 sherds,
generally small and unimpressive.
Fairly extensive excavations in the area of the ditch revealed that
the bottom of this feature was about 6 feet beneath the present sur-
face and was U-shaped. Evidence was uncovered of an uncompleted
stockade on the village side of the ditch. Ten houses, 107 cache pits,
and 8 borrow pits, in addition to a number of such features as hearths,
were excavated. All evidence indicates that a single occupation is
represented here. The houses, none of which were superimposed,
were circular and generally similar to those of the late component
at the Dodd site, although there were some differences in details.
Cache pits beneath the floors of the houses were numerous and were
often large. One unusually large house, with a double row of outer
posts, had an earthen platform against the wall opposite the entrance,
presumably indicating a specialized function for the lodge (pl. 11, 0d).
Many of the outside cache pits and borrow pits were found in an area
of the site of about 175 square yards which was completely stripped
to reveal the relationships of features outside the houses.
No burials were found within the village or in test trenches exca-
vated in the vicinity, but occasional scattered human bones were found
within the occupational deposits.
The material culture manifested at the Philip Ranch site is closely
related to that of the latest occupation of the Dodd site. There are
some differences, however, in pottery and other traits (e.g., fortifica-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-195I—COOPER 67
tion structures and greater quantities of trade materials) which have
led Lehmer to suggest that it should be considered a component of a
different focus (Snake Butte focus). A somewhat later date for this
site seems to be indicated.
During the 1951 season, burials were exposed at the Indian Creek
site (39ST15) by machinery involved in construction of the access
railway. Lehmer’s party was able to remove two of these. The burials
were encountered some distance west of the occupational area, which
may represent more than one component. In both instances the inter-
ments were in pits and the skeletons were articulated except that there
was evidence the legs may have been detached from the body before
burial. A small vessel of Stanley ware accompanied one of the indi-
viduals, while the other grave contained sherds of simple-stamped
pottery and two tubular beads of sheet copper.
Site 39ST1 (Cheyenne River site) is situated on a point between
two ravines, and partially subdivided by a very short third ravine,
just below the mouth of the Cheyenne River. It has been occupied
more than once. On the upstream side of the short ravine is a small
area, partially enclosed by a well-defined ditch, within which are sev-
eral circular depressions. This area has been and is still subjected
to conditions—presumably saturation of the underlying Pierre shale—
which bring about severe slumping. The presence of abundant cul-
tural objects in the slumped materials far from the edge of the intact
surface testifies to an extensive occupied area prior to the drastic
alteration of the terrain. There is evidence that this alteration, at
least insofar as it has affected the archeological site, is of fairly recent
origin. At the beginning of the twentieth century the ditch entirely
enclosed an oval area, according to a contemporary observer. Out-
side this fortification ditch are a considerable number of depressions,
at least some of which are markedly oblong. The presence of another
ditch is suggested by a linear depression across the point on which the
entire site lies where this point narrows because of the headward
convergence of the two ravines which bound it. Collections previously
made from the surface and in minor test trenches had suggested that
the area within the ditch at the terrace edge represented at least pre-
dominantly an occupation in the Arikara tradition and that the area
to the southeast had been occupied by people with a culture related
to that of the Myers site (39ST10), a nearby earth-lodge village
which had been partially excavated and reported by the South Dakota
Archaeological Commission (Hoard, 1949).
The Missouri Basin Project was able to assign a party to this site
for a relatively brief period (late June to early September) in 1951,
68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
when Waldo R. Wedel became available to undertake the investiga-
tions. The time spent on the excavations was inadequate for more
than a beginning on this large and complex site and it seems essen-
tial that extensive additional work be accomplished to establish the
relationships of the many and varied features. In the limited time in
1951, however, numerous test trenches were excavated to cross-section
the ditch associated with the late component and to determine the
stratigraphic situation. Also, a number of exterior cache pits were
dug, and five houses were completely or partially uncovered. Two
circular houses within the small fortified area were completely exca-
vated (pl. 12, b). Each had a central fireplace, four center posts, and
closely spaced posts about the periphery of the pit which had been
excavated below the surface. The entrance passages of both extended
toward the river, in a northerly direction. Neither had been burned,
and fragments of unburned timbers were found in the fill of both.
Some instances of superposition were found in this area, but these do
not necessarily indicate considerable time differences since metal was
found in some of the underlying features as well as in the upper ones.
It appears, however, that at least one earlier occupation lies beneath
the level associated with the circular houses.
In the southeastern part of the site, excavations were in three cache
pits and in three large depressions. All the latter marked the loca-
tions of oblong rectanglar structures. One, 45 feet long by 34 feet
wide, had wall posts more widely spaced than in the round houses
and had a large, partially stone-lined fireplace on the long axis offset
toward the south wall (pl. 12, a). The position of the entrance is un-
certain. In the second house, 47 feet long by 30 feet wide, the floor
was difficult to define and no fireplace or entrance was found. The
excavation of the remaining house was not completed but presumably
will be when it is possible to return to the site. Overlying this struc-
ture was a rich midden deposit containing pottery of the kind char-
acteristic of the Myers site, in which the only house excavated was
circular. The presence of material of this sort overlying rectangular
houses seems to indicate that 39STI is a 3-component site and sug-
gests that round houses may be present as the dwellings associated
with the second component.
No extensive burial areas were found, although some search was
made for them.
Since the artifacts from the site are not available for examination,
no detailed or even general statement can be made relative to them,
except that the late component, a compact fortified village yielding a
moderate quantity of trade goods, appears to be in the Arikara tra-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I9Q5I—COOPER 69
dition and that a component with pottery like that of the Myers site
(vessels with predominantly simple flaring rims and incised decora-
tion on both body and rim; rim decoration most often a series of
horizontal lines) is present.
A 2-man survey team detached from this unit spent several days
in examination primarily of the east bank of the Missouri River
between the Little Bend and Cheyenne Agency. Some sites were
revisited and four new archeological locations were recorded in this
area, which seems to have a considerably smaller number of sites
than most comparable stretches of the river in the Oahe Reservoir
area. During one day, two sites in Armstrong County, on the west
side of the river, were visited for the first time.
FIELDWORK IN PALEONTOLOGY
After an interruption of a year, in 1949, paleontological field inves-
tigations were resumed in 1950 and continued in 1951, under the
supervision of Dr. Theodore E. White. With two assistants in 1950
and one in 1951, White revisited six reservoir areas that had previ-
ously been examined more or less intensively, initiated work in the
three large reservoirs under construction on the Missouri River in the
Dakotas, and collected information, through consultation with other
paleontologists, relative to the situation in a number of potential res-
ervoirs in the Niobrara Basin of northern Nebraska. The 1950 sche-
dule included visits to Angostura, Boysen, Anchor, Canyon Ferry,
Garrison, Oahe, Fort Randall, and Bonny Reservoirs, in addition to a
conference relative to the Niobrara Basin. In 1951, the party returned
to the Canyon Ferry, Garrison, Oahe, and Fort Randall Reservoirs
and added Tiber Reservoir to its itinerary.
Two days were spent in the Angostura Reservoir area, during
which time a deposit of bones of Pleistocene age reported by the
archeologists was examined. No evidence of cultural association was
observed and the deposit did not appear to be very productive. At
Boysen Reservoir, where in 1948 important collections had been made
from the Lower Eocene formations, survey of approximately a week
revealed that insufficient weathering had taken place to expose addi-
tional materials of significance. It was possible, however, to photo-
graph the major structural features of the area. Results were almost
wholly negative at Anchor Reservoir, where no vertebrate fossils
were found in the exposures of the Permian Embar and the Triassic
Dinwoody and Chugwater formations inspected during a stay of four
days. A single fragment of sandstone bearing impressions of fish
scales found in the bed of an arroyo was the sole specimen observed.
7O SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
These three reservoirs will require no further investigation, either
because of immiment flooding or lack of productive exposures, unless
construction activities or other unusual circumstances unexpectedly
uncover significant remains.
Several weeks were spent in both 1950 and 1951 in the Canyon
Ferry area, which had been found to be unusually productive of small
mammals of Oligocene and Miocene ages. The investigations were
highly successful in that numerous individuals of forms only scantily
represented heretofore and a number of forms previously unknown
for the area were collected. During both years previously known
localities provided additional collections and in 1950 two new Miocene
fossil localities were discovered. A large number of jaws of a small
rodent of the genus Eumys were recovered. New or very rare forms,
for the area, include Peratherium, an opossumlike marsupial of Oligo-
cene age; Cylindrodon, from the Lower Oligocene; and a shrewlike
insectivore of the Middle Oligocene. The excellent results obtained at
Canyon Ferry—in the expansion of the faunal assemblage of the
Oligocene and Miocene deposits and in the collection of large samples
of small mammals which will permit comparisons, from the stand-
point of environmental adaptation, with equivalent forms of the same
age in the Big Badlands of South Dakota—indicate the desirability
of exploiting this productive area as long as it is available.
During approximately six weeks in 1950 and 1951, exposures of
the Paleocene Fort Union formation were explored in the Garrison
Reservoir area. In the lower part of the reservoir the remains of
vertebrates were found to be extremely rare, but it was possible to
make a number of collections of invertebrate forms. Farther up-
stream, vertebrates were more plentiful and the collections included
mammals, turtles, alligators, and fish. Several stratigraphic sections
were made and sediment samples for micropaleontological studies
were taken from various parts of the reservoir area.
Only a rapid reconnaissance in the Oahe Reservoir area was made
in 1950, but during the next summer the Mobridge, S. Dak., vicinity
was inspected for four days and the lower end of the reservoir re-
ceived somewhat more protracted study. Satisfactory exposures were
not found near Mobridge, but in the Pierre area a nearly complete
skeleton of a pygmy mosasaur (Clidates pumulis) and a number of
shark teeth were obtained from the Upper Cretaceous Pierre forma-
tion. Several weeks of work in 1950 and 1951 in the Upper Creta-
ceous Pierre sediments in the Fort Randall Reservoir area yielded the
skull of a large plesiosaur, a marine turtle, and a fish, all from the
Oacoma Clay member of the formation.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-195I—COOPER Fi
Both the littoral and marine phases of the Upper Cretaceous Colo-
rado group in the Tiber Reservoir were explored during a period of
approximately two weeks, but only materials too fragmentary to be
of paleontological value were observed. This fact, and certain char-
acteristics of the sediments which would make recovery of suitable
materials difficult or impossible, led the paleontologist to recommend
that no further effort be expended there. A survey of a few days
in the Bonny Reservoir likewise yielded nothing but fragmentary
material from the exposures of the Middle Pliocene Yuma formation,
but periodic inspection of the shore line of the new lake to recover
fossils that might be exposed by wave action was recommended.
Information relative to the paleontological potentialities of ten sites
suggested for possible reservoir construction in the Niobrara Basin
was secured by White from Morris F. Skinner of the Frick Labo-
ratory, American Museum of Natural History, who has carried on
paleontological research in that area for many years. Two of the
reservoirs—Thacher and Crookston—will, if constructed, inundate
three productive Pliocene localities, and it is believed, on the basis of
the nature of the formations and the recovery in the past of isolated
specimens, that construction activities and/or wave action are likely
to reveal significant fossils in the other reservoirs (namely, Colwell,
Eli, Kilgore, Long Pine, Meadville, Merritt, Ponca Creek, and
Sparks).
FIELDWORK BY OTHER AGENCIES
As in previous years, a significant part of the salvage task was
assumed by State-supported agencies in the Missouri Basin. This was
especially fortunate because of the imminent flooding dates for a
number of reservoirs. Participation by these agencies was facilitated
and rendered more effective by the implementing of a new policy,
that of establishing a Federal-State partnership through allocation of
Federal funds by the National Park Service to defray a portion of
the cost of excavating sites threatened by Federal water-control proj-
ects. Under memoranda of agreement, the State agencies undertook
to investigate specified sites and to provide periodic progress reports
and final technical reports of their investigations, in consideration of
which funds were made available by the National Park Service for
labor and other costs. One of the most satisfying results of this pol-
icy was the willingness of archeologists to postpone work on their
major research interests in their own States to assist in more urgent
salvage operations in other areas. During both 1950 and 1951, Mon-
tana State University, the University of Wyoming, the State His-
72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
torical Society of North Dakota, the University of South Dakota and
the South Dakota Archaeological Commission, the University of
Kansas, and three Nebraska agencies—the Nebraska State Historical
Society, the University of Nebraska State Museum, and the Labo-
ratory of Anthropology of the University of Nebraska—all partici-
pated in the salvage program under memoranda of agreement. The
University of Kansas in 1950 and 1951 and the Nebraska State His-
torical Society in 1951 undertook the salvage of sites in the Fort Ran-
dall Reservoir, South Dakota, and Montana State University agreed
to excavate sites in the Garrison Reservoir, North Dakota, in 1951.
In addition, the University of Denver investigated a site in the Bonny
Reservoir area, Colorado, in 1950, with its own resources.
For the summaries that follow I have utilized periodic progress
reports and more detailed reports, published or unpublished, when
available. It should be pointed out that many of these reports are not
the final statements of the archeologists and that undoubtedly in some
instances their interpretations will be altered before their final pub-
lished reports appear.
COLORADO
During a brief survey of the Bonny Reservoir area, Yuma County,
in the spring of 1947, a River Basin Surveys party recorded a site
from which points variously described as reminiscent of Plainview
or of Yuma forms had reportedly been recovered. The site, 5YMz7,
consists of a “mound” on the side of a small northern tributary of the
South Fork Republican River. Only a few flakes and quantities of
bison bone, some burned, were observed by the survey party at the
site, but points reported to have been found there by a resident of
Burlington, Colo., were examined. The site had been called to the
attention of Arnold M. Withers, Department of Anthropology, Uni-
versity of Denver, and in May 1951, assisted, among others, by Her-
bert Dick and Robert Lister of the University of Colorado, he de-
voted a weekend to trenching it. The “mound” (which was a natural
feature) proved to have been largely destroyed by previous digging,
but portions of the thin occupational deposit which were apparently
undisturbed were still available for examination. The only inclusions
found were innumerable bones and fragments of bone, burned and
unburned, some of which occurred in the top few inches of the under-
lying basal remnant of an old soil. The bones, some of which are
mineralized, are probably of bison. Not even a stone chip was found,
and it appears that the limited artifact content of the site had been
previously removed.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-IQ5I—COOPER we
MISSOURI
As in previous years, salvage work in Missouri Basin reservoirs
within this State was not undertaken by the River Basin Surveys, but
the University of Missouri carried out reconnaissance and testing in
reservoirs both within and outside the basin. During 1950, the Uni-
versity’s Summer Field Session in Archaeology spent approximately
two weeks in the Pomme de Terre Reservoir and some time in the
Kasinger Bluff Reservoir. At the former, situated on the Pomme de
Terre River, a tributary of the Osage River, approximately 50 new
sites were found, and test trenches were excavated in two sites. Ap-
proximately 25 sites were recorded in the Kasinger Bluff Reservoir,
on the Osage River, and two of these were tested. These activities
were in addition to investigation in the Bull Shoals Reservoir, on the
White River, outside the Missouri Basin.
MONTANA
In Montana, the Canyon Ferry Reservoir area, previously surveyed
briefly by small parties from the River Basin Surveys in 1946 and
1947 and from Montana State University in 1949, was again in 1950
the scene of archeological investigations, this time by a minimum
party of five from the latter institution. The work, supervised by
Carling Malouf, was done under a memorandum of agreement with
the National Park Service. At the end of this summer a total of 84
sites had been recorded in the district including the reservoir; 59 of
these would be flooded upon impoundment of water behind the com-
pleted dam. The 1950 operations consisted of search for new sites,
intensive examination of those newly discovered and previously re-
corded, the excavation of test trenches in more promising locations,
and an extensive mapping program. The resulting picture does not
differ materially from that revealed by previous less intensive inves-
tigations and described by Wedel in the 1947 and 1949 summary re-
ports (Wedel, 1948; 1953b). Most of the sites are marked by the
presence of stone hearths, boulder circles, chipping debris, or combina-
tions of these features. Diagnostic artifacts were scanty both on the
surface and in the excavations, and even such undistinctive objects
as modified flakes appear not to have been abundant. As in previous
years, no pottery was observed anywhere in the area. Both stemmed
and side-notched projectile points are reported, but these apparently
were found in such small numbers and so rarely in significant con-
texts that little light was shed on the problems of their associations
with other cultural items or their temporal relationships. Artifacts
74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
were rarely encountered in association with those hearths and stone
circles that were excavated. Stone hearths excavated were either
simply clusters of stones on the former habitational surface or rock-
filled, bowl-shaped pits. The excavations in stone circles, most of
which occurred in groups on higher terrain, revealed no hearths or
post holes.
The final investigations in Canyon Ferry Reservoir seem to confirm
unequivocally Wedel’s earlier observation that only sporadic and
brief occupations by small groups engaged in hunting and gathering
activities are represented here. It would appear that most of the sites
investigated might be accounted for by an occupation of not more than
a few days by a few individuals. Despite the extremely limited char-
acter of the conclusions that can now be drawn from the data col-
lected, the investigations have been worthwhile in that they reveal
the nature of aboriginal exploitation of a small area with a particular
ecological setting. The significance of this contribution to knowledge
will increase, too, as it becomes possible at some future time, through
the construction of a cultural and temporal framework from investi-
gations in more intensively occupied surrounding areas, to assign the
products of human activity here to their respective places in the over-
all historical picture of the larger region.
NEBRASKA
As in previous years, three Nebraska organizations—the Nebraska
State Historical Society, the University of Nebraska State Museum,
and the Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Nebraska—ap-
plied a major part of their resources available for archeological re-
search to the study of areas that had become critical as a result of
the Federal water-development program. In 1951 the Historical So-
ciety accepted the responsibility for the investigation of certain sites
in the Fort Randall Reservoir, in South Dakota, but otherwise the
studies were in threatened areas in Nebraska. During both years,
the Laboratory of Anthropology continued its investigations in the
Harlan County Reservoir, and the State Museum carried on researches
previously begun in the Medicine Creek Reservoir. In 1950 the His-
torical Society surveyed and carried out salvage excavations in the
Trenton Reservoir.
Harlan County Reservoir site—In the Harlan County Reservoir
area, where previous work had revealed the existence of remains
attributable to four periods, investigations were continued on an ex-
tensive basis by the Laboratory of Anthropology party. During the
two field seasons excavations were in seven sites, among which were
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-IQ5I—COOPER 75
representatives of all the known complexes. Some of the sites were
investigated in only one of the years, but four received some atten-
tion each summer. Work continued at site 25HN37, the White Cat
Village, in 1950 and 1951 to expand the information obtained by the
excavations of 1948 and 1949. At this Dismal River village, for
which a dendrochronological date of 1723 has been given, the main
excavations in 1951 were confined to a productive midden deposit
lying along Prairie Dog Creek below the occupied terrace. In 1950,
however, a 300-foot trench was carried across the eastern end of the
village proper to determine its lateral extent, and two houses inter-
sected by this trench were excavated. This brings the number of
dwelling structures uncovered in the site to eight. As previously
described (Champe, 1949), these structures are characterized by a
central fireplace, around which is a series of five or six posts pre-
sumably serving as central roof supports. Other evidences of posts
are lacking except that there is sometimes a pair of smaller molds out-
side the ring which may be associated with an entrance. Thus the
work at White Cat Village during the two years in question had
resulted mainly in confirming the results of past study and in expand-
ing the artifact collection.
Several sites attributable to the Upper Republican aspect were in-
vestigated on a more or less intensive scale. At 25HNTII, partially
excavated in 1949, two earth lodges, one overlapping the other, were
opened. A few other earth lodges are probably present in this small
site, which lies on the first terrace on the left side of Prairie Dog
Creek. An excellent collection of artifacts includes abundant pottery
which is reported to resemble closely that described from Lost Creek
by Strong (1935, pp. 82-85). Approximately 30 test pits were dug
in 1950 at site 25HN34, where a collection of artifacts was recov-
ered but no evidences of structures were observed. The site was re-
examined briefly in 1951. A road crew, borrowing earth for repair
work, was found in 1950 to be destroying site 25HN36 and an emer-
gency investigation was initiated there. The profile in the road cut
was exposed and photographed and minor testing was accomplished at
once, and in 1951 a new profile was cut. The site was threatened both
by construction work and by the activities of individuals attracted by
the unusually accessible and rather abundant artifacts. At 25HN44,
on the first terrace north of the Republican River, 70 test pits in 1950
revealed a buried occupational horizon containing cultural detritus
and two lodge floors, one of which was partially exposed. In 1952
both of these structures were completely uncovered. One of them
was unusual in being oblong—the length was 10 feet greater than the
76 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
width—and in having six rather than four center posts. The various
Upper Republican sites investigated here, in addition to their cultural
similarities, have a common characteristic of more than passing inter-
est. This is an overlying deposit of a foot or more of sterile material
which appears to be of aeolian origin and indicative of a period of
unusual dryness, probably of some duration. The potential signifi-
cance of this phenomenon for climatic studies and for correlating
cultural history with climatic episodes has been pointed out repeatedly,
especially by Wedel.
An early ceramic horizon is apparently represented at 25HNo,
a site which has been drastically affected by road and other constru-
tion and where a series of small test pits and a trench 10 feet wide
and 190 feet long were excavated in 1950. A fairly sizable sample of
artifacts, including cord-marked, calcite-tempered sherds identifiable
as Harlan Cord Roughened, and predominantly stemmed points, was
recovered. Concentrations of ashes may have been fireplaces, but no
evidences of structures were observed. The site is apparently refer-
able to the Keith focus, as defined by Kivett (1953, pp. 135, 136).
The remaining site, 25HN39, belongs to a fourth complex, prob-
ably falling in time between the Upper Republican and Dismal River
occupations of the area. Here in 1950 extensive test trenching be-
tween the corn rows yielded moderate quantities of specimens which
lay immediately beneath the plow line, usually in large, shallow,
refuse-filled pits. The form and decorative treatment of the pottery
vessels represented by the sherds recovered is strongly suggestive of
Oneota ceramics, but the paste is apparently always grit-tempered
and cord markings are at least sometimes present on the surfaces.
The manifestation at this site apparently is rather closely related to
the complex represented at the Glen Elder and White Rock sites in
Kansas, which have been only briefly investigated. That complex, as
has been pointed out (Hill and Wedel, 1936, pp. 40, 67), in turn bears
resemblances to that of the Oneota Leary site in southeastern
Nebraska. It is to be hoped that within the near future a sufficient
inventory from similar sites in this region can be developed to permit
a determination of their relationships to each other, to the Oneota
aspect, and to other complexes.
Medicine Creek Reservoir site—As in several previous years, the
University of Nebraska State Museum concentrated most of its arche-
ological efforts on early preceramic sites to be affected by the Medi-
cine Creek Reservoir. In 1950 and 1951 the archeological investiga-
tions were directed by E. Mott Davis, who continued excavations
initiated earlier in sites 25FT41 and 25FT42, both on the left side
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50—-19Q5I—COOPER a7.
of Lime Creek some miles above its confluence with Medicine Creek.
A maximum party of eight spent approximately six weeks in the ex-
cavation of the two sites in 1950, and in 1951 ten weeks were devoted
primarily to 25FT42, most of the time with 12 workers.
In the spring of 1950 it was apparent that 25FT41, the Lime Creek
site, would be inundated by the rising waters of the reservoir before
autumn, so an effort was made to recover all possible further informa-
tion as quickly as possible. The fill, near the base of which the occu-
pational deposits occur, has been correlated by the paleontologists
concerned with the studies here with Republican River Terrace 2,
which they believe to be referable to the Mankato stage of the Wis-
consin glaciation. Previous archeological work had demonstrated the
existence of three cultural zones—C (the lowest), K, and R (the
highest)—and each of these was further investigated in 1950. Work
in Zone C, which lay upon the surface of a compact blue clay deposit,
in 1947 yielded points not unlike the Scottsbluff type, as well as other
artifacts. Unfortunately, except for one specimen, the points were
not in situ. The additional work in 1949 and 1950 did not produce
points nor did it materially expand the inventory otherwise. Zone K,
about 3 feet higher, has produced only two artifacts, both during the
limited digging of 1950. Neither of these is a point. Finally, the exca-
vations of 1950 produced no identifiable artifacts in Zone R, where
two Plainview points were found in 1949. This horizon lies approxi-
mately 8 feet above Zone C. Charcoal suitable for radiocarbon dating
was not recovered from any of the occupational zones, but a series of
logs collected in 1949 from the blue clay lying beneath the lowest
zone has yielded a date of 9524 + 450 years.
Early in the summer of 1950, tests in a buried site, 25 T101, which
had been observed in a cliff on Medicine Creek about 6 miles above
the dam, produced flakes and bone, some burned, and evidence that a
more concentrated deposit might lie nearby. The site was revisited in
September to explore the possibility of further excavation, but by
that time the reservoir was almost full and wave action had destroyed
the area that it was believed might repay investigation.
The remainder of the field season of 1950 and most of the season of
1951 were devoted to 25FT42, the Red Smoke site, about half a mile
up Lime Creek from 25FT41. Since the discovery of the site in 1947,
limited investigations had revealed the existence of two cultural hori-
zons in a geological situation like that of site 25FT41, i.e., in fill
attributed to Terrace 2, and thus to the Mankato. Level 88 (occupa-
tional layers are designated at this site by numbers which represent
the elevation above the site datum) had proven to be an intensively
78 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
occupied zone containing almost continuous concentrations of flint
and numerous bones, mostly of bison; a few stone artifacts, not in-
cluding points, also had been found. Very scanty material had been
uncovered in level 83. In 1950, two higher occupational zones, at 91
and 92 feet, and a suggestion of a zone just below 83, were uncovered.
Artifacts were rare or absent from those parts of all levels excavated
except 88, which yielded four points and point fragments and a num-
ber of other artifacts. In 1951, an area of 925 square feet was exca-
vated to augment the information on the previously known cultural
levels and to expand the total number of known levels to seven. By
the end of this field season, the western and southern limits of the
site had been determined, but to the north and east the cultural
deposits extend beyond the boundaries of the investigated areas.
Again all levels except 88 yielded disappointingly scanty cultural in-
formation. Level 88, the major occupational horizon at the site, pro-
duced a considerable number of artifacts, including sufficient points
and fragments to bring the total found in this level to 27. With few
exceptions, these points correspond to the description of the Plain-
view type. They are predominantly parallel-sided, concave-based,
skillfully chipped, and exhibit basal grinding. Most of the exceptions
are Meserve points, as named by Davis, with sides constricted sharply
toward the tip and a blade which has a pronounced right-hand bevel.
Two points of this type have been reported from the vicinity of
Grand Island, Nebr., in association with Bison occidentalis. Among
the other artifacts from the level are a few thin, well-made blades
with straight bases which seem to constitute a type.
Among the major accomplishments at this site during the two sea-
sons are the recovery in geological context of numerous Plainview
points, the definition of at least a limited accompanying stone artifact
inventory, and the establishment of the Plainview-Meserve associa-
tion. Archeologically, Level 88 at 25FT42 appears to correlate with
Zone R at site 25FT41, where Plainview points were found in a
deposit approximately 8 feet above Zone C, the occupants of which
made points of Scottsbluff type.
Other activities of the Museum party in 1951 included the testing,
with largely negative results, of site 25FT51 in the spillway area at
the dam and the topographic mapping of the lower part of Lime Creek
valley and the adjacent section of Medicine Creek. Paleontological
and geological studies of the area were also continued, partly for the
purpose of illuminating the problems of dating the early sites dis-
cussed above. On the basis of these studies, the loess above Level 92
at 25F T42 “seems to have been deposited near the climax of and dur-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50-195I—COOPER 79
ing the early retreat of the Mankato” (C. Bertrand Schultz, in 1951
field report by E. Mott Davis, in files of River Basin Surveys, p. 38).
Trenton Reservoir site2—This reservoir site, on the Republican
River behind a dam situated about 2 miles west of Trenton, in
Hitchcock County, had not been surveyed prior to 1950. In 1947, a
survey team from the River Basin Surveys briefly reconnoitered
part of the lower reaches of the proposed Culbertson Reservoir, the
dam for which was planned for a point 2 miles from the town of
Culbertson. Subsequently the Bureau of Reclamation altered its plans
for development in this vicinity and selected a site several miles up-
stream for the dam, which was renamed for the adjacent town of
Trenton. The new site was not touched by the earlier reconnaissance.
Because construction had begun and the reservoir is in an area that
might reasonably be expected to contain significant archeological re-
mains, the Nebraska State Historical Society, entirely with its own
resources, surveyed the terrain to be affected in the spring of 1950.
When it developed that sites warranting salvage did indeed exist, the
Society entered into an agreement with the National Park Service
to undertake the necessary investigations. Two sites were rather
extensively excavated and another was briefly tested by a party of
six or seven during a period of approximately two months.
The activities of the party were concentrated at 25HK7, in the
dam work area, and at 25HK13, below the dam but destined for
destruction by railway relocation necessitated by creation of the reser-
voir. When the party reached the field, considerable damage had
already been done to 25HK7 (the Carmody site) by construction
activities. Much of an upper deposit yielding pottery suggesting occu-
pation by a group of Pawnee or culturally related people had been
removed by earth-moving machinery. Evidence indicated the occupa-
tion was by a small group and probably for a relatively brief period,
although six basin-shaped hearths exhibited sufficiently intensive
burning to indicate much more than overnight camping. Separated
from the above by a sterile loess zone was a dark layer containing
charcoal, burnt earth, broken stones, bones, mussel shell fragments,
and limited quantities of pottery and chipped stone. Two relatively
shallow trash-filled pits, several unprepared hearths, a rectangular
basin outlined by small sandstone slabs set on end and containing
evidence of fire, and a cluster of stones that had been intensively
fired were also in this level, although the last feature, which was prob-
ably at the base of a pit, may have been associated with the upper
3 Formerly Culbertson Reservoir.
80 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 126
level, previously destroyed at this point by construction. It is prob-
able that several burials had been destroyed by the contractor’s ma-
chinery, and the remnants of a single bundle burial were found in
place. Associated grave goods were absent. The few sherds from
this level appear to be assignable to the Harlan Cord Roughened
type, the dominant pottery of the Keith focus, previously defined
by Kivett. A few sherds found on the disturbed surface are not at
present assignable to a complex, but have attributes found in pottery
of Woodland sites and others suggestive of Upper Republican wares.
At 25HK13 (Massacre Canyon site) rather extensive excavations
revealed a zone of very black soil underlying a sterile loesslike deposit
as much as 14 feet thick. Only four hearths, all simple fireplaces on
the original living surface and all suggesting rather brief use, were un-
covered. Pits were also limited in number. Kivett has suggested that
the larger of two oval basins, 8.5 feet long and 7 feet wide, may rep-
resent the remains of a light, temporary structure and that the other,
smaller one may be a central excavation in such a feature. His sug-
gestion is based on their similarity to basins, usually larger, found in
Woodland sites in Frontier and Valley Counties. These latter fea-
tures have central fireplaces, however, and may indicate seasonal
differences. Six burials, in circular or oval pits, usually the latter,
were uncovered, in addition to a few scattered fragmentary bones of
a young child. Five of these were single flexed skeletons, while the
sixth represented a more complex interment. In the case of this latter,
the bones of an individual, mainly scattered but some in articulation,
lay on and near the floor of the pit. Over these bones was a yellow clay
layer upon which was a burned zone containing charred bones. Grave
accompaniments were in the main confined to the two undisturbed
child burials. They consisted mostly of disk beads of shell and tubular
beads of bone.
Despite the general impression of an intensive occupation of the
site, artifacts, including pottery, were not abundant. The some 85
sherds appear to represent not more than seven or eight vessels. All
except a group apparently from a single pot have many of the attri-
butes of Harlan Cord Roughened pottery but are sufficiently different
to suggest they represent a distinct, as yet undefined type. The ves-
sel of which the remaining sherds were a part had been smoothed
after cord marking and the interior surface was apparently fabric-
impressed. The rim, which flares from a slightly constricted neck,
bears a series of oblique oval impressions immediately below the lip.
Kivett has suggested it resembles pottery found thus far in minor
amounts in southeastern Nebraska, Among the other artifacts recov-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50-I19Q5I—COOPER 81
ered are stemmed projectile points, one of obsidian, and a shaft
wrench made from a deer metapodial decorated with incised lines.
A specimen somewhat similar to the latter was recovered in 1946
from the Woodruff ossuary, a Kieth focus burial, in the Harlan
County Reservoir area (Kivett, 1953, pl. 22, a, 2).
It appears that the work of the Historical Society at the Trenton
Reservoir has extended the range of the Keith focus to the west and
has indicated the existence, although it does not permit the compre-
hensive definition of, two or three new Woodland variants. One of
the more conspicuous results of expanded research in the central
Plains during recent years has been the steadily expanding list of
variants assignable to the Woodland pattern, a list which, it seems,
cannot yet be considered exhaustive.
The results of the 1950 investigations at the various Woodland
sites in the Trenton Reservoir area have been reported in a publica-
tion of the Historical Society (Kivett, 1952).
NORTH DAKOTA
Responsibility for the archeological investigation of certain sites
in the Garrison Reservoir was assumed under memoranda of agree-
ment with the National Park Service by the North Dakota Historical
Society in both 1950 and 1951 and by Montana State University in
1951.
One of the sites that will be lost with the filling of the Garrison
Reservoir is Like-a-Fishhook (32ML2), the last village occupied by
the Three Affiliated Tribes—the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara.
Founded in 1845 by the Hidatsa and some Mandan, it was augmented
about 1862 by the arrival of the Arikara and the remainder of the
Mandan and was occupied by these three groups until about 1890,
when the inhabitants moved to individual allotments distributed
throughout the Fort Berthold Reservation. There are numerous con-
temporary records, as well as a considerable body of ethnographic
information collected during and after the occupation of the site,
relative to the character of the village and of the life within it. Origi-
nally consisting entirely of earth lodges and still predominantly com-
posed of such structures in 1865, by 1872 it contained a preponder-
ance of rectangular, windowless log cabins. The Mandan and Hidatsa
occupied the section of the site near the river bank and the Arikara
quarter was immediately adjacent, to the north. A trading post, Fort
Berthold, was established at the village in 1845 and a second, compet-
ing post was built in 1858. Originally known as Fort Atkinson, the
82 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
latter was taken over by the earlier establishment in 1862 and was
thenceforth called Fort Berthold. At the present time the site is an
impressive one. Occupying an area of approximately three-quarters
of a square mile adjoining the margin of the first terrace above the
Missouri River bottom, it contains numerous conspicuous large de-
pressions and rings marking the locations of lodges and deep smaller
depressions which are partly filled cache pits.
For various reasons, including the potentialities for coordinating
archeological and ethnographic data and for illuminating the accul-
turation process, the excavation of this site was deemed vital and the
project was undertaken by the State Historical Society of North Da-
kota. In 1950, a group of 8 men worked in the site from June 13 to
August 4, until the last week under the supervision of Glenn Klein-
sasser. When Mr. Kleinsasser was incapacitated by a serious acci-
dent, Allen C. Croft assumed supervision for the remainder of the
time in the field. A larger crew, consisting of a maximum of 18 work-
ers under the supervision of James H. Howard, returned to Like-a-
Fishhook for two months in 1951, and further investigation was
planned for 1952. During the two seasons the sites of 12 earth lodges
and 2 log cabins were uncovered and a number of cache pits were
excavated in both the Arikara and Mandan-Hidatsa quarters of the
village. The lodges were all circular, with 4 center posts, 12 to 15
outer support posts, and a row of small leaners, but those in the Ari-
kara quarter differed somewhat from the others in being considerably
shallower and having the center posts situated closer to the outer sup-
ports. Entrances could not always be found, but those that were
defined consisted of conventional covered passages. Cache pits were
usually large and cistern-shaped.
Artifacts of White manufacture were recovered in enormous quan-
tities and in great variety, while, as might be expected, objects of
native manufacture and of native materials were exceedingly scarce.
A few sherds and artifacts of stone and bone were found, but usually
in such small quantities that accidental inclusion in the deposits from
other sources cannot be ruled out. Even objects of White origin
modified by the inhabitants of the village were recovered in very
small numbers. Oddly enough, only two metal projectile points were
found. While firearms undoubtedly replaced the bow and arrow to
a large extent fairly early in the history of the village, it seems likely
that the older weapons would have been fairly numerous during the
first few years of occupation. It is possible that future investigations
will reveal more of the earlier deposits and expand the inventory of
native products.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I19Q5I—COOPER 83
Inasmuch as in 1951 no dams were under construction in Montana
that were then believed to constitute a serious archeological salvage
problem, Montana State University agreed to put a party into the
Garrison Reservoir, where the time when many sites would be lost
through inundation was drawing inexorably nearer. Garrison was
selected from among the high-priority reservoirs because of the prob-
ability that, in view of its location, it would yield materials relating
to Montana archeological problems, properly the first concern of the
Montana institution. Carling Malouf, with to student helpers, exca-
vated in 3 small camp sites on the right side of the Missouri River in
Mercer County during the period June 12 to August 1. The three
sites (32ME43, 32ME54, and 32ME55), although differing widely
in productiveness, were similar in their topographic situations, lack
of evidence for dwellings or other structures, and the general nature
of the occupations represented. All were found along the edges of
low terraces bordering the river bottoms and in at least two there was
evidence, in the presence of sterile lenses separating occupational
deposits, that the use of the location was intermittent. The artifact
complexes appear to have been similar at the three sites and in their
various levels, except that White trade materials were confined to the
higher deposits and at one site (32ME43) pottery was absent in the
lower ones. This last situation may, however, be explainable in terms
of the very small quantity of cultural materials of any kind recovered.
Fire hearths were found to characterize all the sites and were espe-
cially numerous in 32ME43. They were of three kinds; unprepared
surface fireplaces, basins averaging about 25 inches in diameter and
7 inches in depth, and relatively deep pits with fairly straight walls
containing fire-cracked stones. Clusters of stones and concentrated
areas of fragmented bones were distributed through the deposits, and
it was near these and the hearths that most of the pottery was found.
Chipped-stone artifacts, predominantly of “Knife River flint,” in-
cluded side-notched and, rarely, corner-notched points, knives, and
scrapers. The pottery is reported by Malouf to be of the “Mandan-
Hidatsa-Arikara tradition.”
The evidence reported from these three sites suggests that they
are all locations that were occupied briefly and intermittently by
small parties, probably from larger, relatively settled communities
in the region, engaged in hunting or gathering activities.
SOUTH DAKOTA
Owing to the magnitude of the salvage task in the Fort Randall
Reservoir and the rapidly dwindling time remaining to accomplish it,
84 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
various Missouri Basin institutions engaged in archeological research
were requested by the National Park Service to lend assistance. The
State of South Dakota, through the W. H. Over Museum and the
South Dakota Archaeological Commission, put field parties into this
area in both 1950 and 1951, and the University of Kansas and the
Nebraska State Historical Society agreed to interrupt pursuit of their
research interests in their own States to contribute to the effort. The
Nebraska institution, having undertaken the salvaging of sites in the
critical Trenton Reservoir area in that State in 1950, was unable to
begin work in Fort Randall until 1951, but the University of Kansas
sent excavation parties into the area both years.
The operations of the South Dakota Archaeological Commission—
W. H. Over Museum project during both seasons were under the
supervision of Wesley R. Hurt, Jr., who has published reports cover-
ing the complete investigations (Hurt, 1951, 1952). In 1950, a
group of a maximum of 16 workers excavated in the Swanson site
(39BR16), a compact village on a low terrace bordering the Missouri
River bottoms approximately 6 miles above Chamberlain. When dis-
covered, the site was apparent on the surface as a number of large,
conspicuous, more or less circular depressions on a small point which
was isolated from the body of the terrace by a shallow linear depres-
sion. Excavation revealed that a ditch approximately 3 feet deep lay
beneath the latter feature and that the other depressions were under-
lain by deep house floors. No evidence that a stockade was part of
the defensive system was found in the intensive tests. Four houses
were completely uncovered and six miscellaneous trenches were exca-
vated. The latter revealed that there were in the site an unknown
number of houses whose locations were not evident on the surface.
Although there was evidence, in the intrusion of houses into cache
pits and vice versa, that the village had existed for some time, the
relative homogeneity of the cultural materials and the lack of evidence
of superposition of dwelling structures suggests that the length of
occupation was not of great magnitude.
The typical house was an oblong rectangular structure, 4 to 5 feet
deep, with posts rather closely spaced along the side walls and rarely
along the ends. A single row of large posts on the long axis or a
double row straddling the midline constituted the other vertical
members of the superstructure. The entrance was characterized by
a vestibule and a ramp leading from it into the interior of the house.
With one exception, where there was a single central fireplace, there
were two hearths, both on the midline but situated between the center
and the end walls. All in all, the structures here resemble rather
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I9Q50-I19Q5I—COOPER 85
closely those of the second component at the Dodd site, near Pierre.
Specimens found in relative abundance in the fill of houses, in the
cache pits, and on the general village level indicate heavy reliance for
subsistence on agriculture and hunting and rather little emphasis on
fishing or the collection of shellfish. The artifact inventory, notably
the pottery, together with the architecture, suggests a close relation-
ship to villages on the James and Big Sioux Rivers to the east—
among them the Mitchell and Brandon sites, previously excavated and
reported by the W. H. Over Museum—and Hurt has assigned the
Swanson site, together with these others, to the Over focus.
In 1951, with a maximum party of 13 individuals, Hurt reinvesti-
gated two sites, 39GR1 (Scalp Creek site) and 39GR2 (Ellis Creek
site), which had been partially investigated in 1941 by the W. H.
Over Museum, with WPA assistance, but which required additional
field study to make laboratory analysis and reporting possible. The
Scalp Creek site appeared superficially to be simply a small fortified
earth-lodge village, with perhaps 15 houses, on the point of a terrace
cut off by the remains of a ditch, but previous excavation had revealed
that materials relating to at least two cultural complexes were present.
The work during the two seasons, including the complete uncovering
of nine earth lodges and the excavation of a number of trenches,
demonstrated that a village of earth lodges is underlain by materials
of Woodland affiliations. The upper village, surrounded by a stockade
of posts spaced 1 to 3 feet apart and defended with a ditch 3 feet deep
on the side not protected by a slope, contains circular houses with
central fire basin, four center posts, varying numbers of outer roof
supports, a row of leaners, and a covered entrance passage. Unlike
the situation in many earth-lodge villages of the region, cache pits
were rather scarce and were usually small. A subsistence pattern
based on agriculture and hunting, especially of bison, is indicated by
the specimens recovered. The pottery is simple-stamped and deco-
rated primarily by incising, both on the rim and body, and appears to
resemble that previously recovered and reported from the La Roche
site, some distance up the Missouri River (Meleen, 1948). Although
there seem to be some differences, at least in proportions of various
pottery types and perhaps in architectural and other traits, Hurt has
assigned the upper (Wheeler) component of the Scalp Creek site to
the La Roche focus.
In the lowest cultural deposits at the Scalp Creek site and at the
Ellis Creek site, situated on a terrace some 2 miles downriver, arti-
facts were recovered which included pottery very similar to the cer-
amics at sites on Loseke Creek and Eagle Creek in Nebraska, the
86 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
former of which have been described by Kivett (1952). This pot-
tery is characterized by decoration of the rim area, predominantly
with single-cord-impressed lines or nodes. Hurt has also distinguished
another component in the upper part of the Woodland deposits at
the Scalp Creek site in which there are cord-marked vessels with flar-
ing, undecorated rims (or with only the lip decorated) and vessels
whose outer rims are decorated with horizontal incised or trailed lines,
usually below a band of short impressed lines. Shallow fireplaces
occurred throughout the Woodland level, but evidences of structures
were absent except for two patternless clusters of small post molds
and areas which suggested floors. Rather small shallow pits were
numerous, and large bell-shaped cache pits were entirely absent. No
evidence of corn or other cultivated plants was found, although a few
scapula hoes were present. The suspicion that corn cultivation was
practiced seems warranted, in view of the probable relative recency
of the complex and, especially, in view of Kivett’s report of corn
in one of the related Loseke Creek sites (Kivett, 1952, p. 57).
Site 39BF3 (the Talking Crow site), an earth-lodge village on a
low terrace in the upper part of the Fort Randall Reservoir area, has
intrigued archeologists for some time, primarily because of the variety
of the ceramic remains collected from its surface. The University
of Kansas, through Carlyle S. Smith, assumed the responsibility for
the intensive investigation of this site, which proved upon excavation
to be as complex as was suspected. A party of a dozen to 15 workers
spent approximately two months each of the years 1950 and 1951 in
the Talking Crow site and an additional season’s work was planned
for 1952. By the end of the 1951 field season, seven houses, not all
of which were marked by surface depressions; a refuse mound; and
many cache pits and other features had been excavated and test
trenching had uncovered parts of such defensive features as the
bastioned ditch, stockade, and a mound that may have served in
place of the stockade at the eastern edge of the site. A few burials
had been encountered in various parts of the village. Houses were
basically circular, with central fireplace, four center posts, outer posts
generally closely spaced around the perimeter, and vestibule entrance.
A number of features were found in stratigraphic relationship, and
the contents of the refuse mound, excavated in 6-inch levels, appeared
to show ceramic changes from bottom to top.
Two pottery wares, not previously isolated, have been described
and named by Smith. They are the Talking Crow and Campbell
Creek wares. The former is characterized by simple-stamped globu-
lar bodies, frequently somewhat flattened shoulders, and straight high
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-195I—COOPER 87
rims on which the lips are often decorated by impressing or notching.
Shoulders are frequently incised. Campbell Creek ware embraces
globular vessels with rounded shoulders and simple flaring or collared
rims. Surfaces are predominantly cord-marked and decoration, con-
fined mainly to the rim, consists of notching or pinching of the lip
on flaring rims and incising on collared rims. Talking Crow ware
resembles in many respects the ceramics of the Lower Loup complex
in Nebraska, while the Campbell Creek pottery suggests rather close
affinities to that of the Nebraska and Upper Republican aspects.
These two categories include the bulk of the pottery found in the site,
but other kinds occur in smaller numbers. These include a few sherds
of Stanley ware, predominant in sites farther up the river, and some-
what more abundant fragments of vessels with horizontally incised
rims and shoulders which are usually decorated by incising and
punctating.
At the end of the 1951 work Smith felt that, in addition to a late
nineteenth-century Dakota occupation, three periods—defined by pot-
tery, since other artifacts seemed to be much the same throughout the
occupation—could be distinguished in a cultural continuum. Campbell
Creek ware predominated in the earliest period, Talking Crow ware
in the latest, with pottery of the two represented in approximately
equal proportions in the middle period. Small quantities of White
trade materials were present in proveniences attributable to all
periods. If further excavation and final analysis sustain Smith’s im-
pression, based on incomplete results, of continuity rather than a
series of discrete occupations of the site it will be of considerable
interest, since continuous occupation would seem to imply an unex-
pected compression of the history of the ceramic types present.
Among other things, pottery apparently closely related to the Camp-
bell Creek types, and perhaps even assignable to them, occurs in other
contexts without evidence of White contact and even the later pot-
tery with horizontally incised rims seems elsewhere to be prehistoric.
Evidences of intensive aboriginal occupation on a level terrace adja-
cent to the town of Oacoma, across the Missouri from Chamberlain,
were assigned the numbers 39. M26 and 39LM2z7 by the River Basin
Surveys in 1947 and, more recently, the names Sharpe site and Dona-
hue site by Marvin F. Kivett, who began their excavation for the
Nebraska State Historical Society in 1951, under an agreement with
the National Park Service. The sites, if not actually parts of a single
village, appear at least to represent a single cultural complex. A
party of five worked there for approximately two months that year.
Two houses (one in each of the sites) and a part of a third, a refuse
88 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
mound, a segment of a ditch and stockade at 39L.M26, and a number
of storage pits were excavated. Additional investigation was planned
for 1952. The house remains that were completely uncovered were
circular, with central fireplace, square central roof support arrange-
ment, closely spaced outer posts, and an intermediate set of posts
that did not conform to a well-defined pattern. The vestibule en-
trances faced to the south and southeast. The house in 391.M26
appeared to have been extensively remodeled, as indicated by the
presence of two fireplaces, one intruding into the other, and by evi-
dence of abandonment and filling of old post holes and the setting of
new posts. There was evidence, too, of an attempt to seal off old
refuse deposits by blanketing them with clay at points where the
house walls were expanded. Storage pits were of two kinds, bell-
shaped and cylindrical. The walls of the former were often plastered
with red clay, but the cylindrical pits lacked such treatment. The
nature of the artifact inventory is consistent with an early contact
date for the sites and this is borne out by the consistent presence of
limited amounts of materials derived from White culture in the vari-
ous features. A large proportion of the pottery is of the Talking
Crow Straight Rim type defined by Smith, but other Talking Crow
types are present also, as are cloistered rims like those from Nebraska
Lower Loup sites. The sites appear to be rather closely related to
the late period at Talking Crow and probably to the late component of
the Oldham site as well. Kivett has tentatively suggested a date of
not later than 1750 and perhaps as early as the last half of the seven-
teenth century for the major occupation of the Oacoma sites. His
reasons for this estimate seem valid and it will be surprising if further
evidence does not support his suggestion.
WYOMING
In view of the large numbers of sites in the two Wyoming reser-
voirs—Boysen and Keyhole—in which the River Basin Surveys car-
ried on intensive investigations in 1950 and 1951, respectively, and
of the significance of many of them as revealed by earlier surveys, it
was fortunate indeed that the University of Wyoming was able to
assist in the task of salvage. Under memoranda of agreement with
the National Park Service, parties from the University, under the
supervision of William Mulloy, investigated several sites in the Boy-
sen Reservoir in 1950 and excavated in one site in the Keyhole Reser-
voir in 1951. While each of the two organizations carried on an inde-
pendent program in different sites, consultation during the field
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I19Q5I—COOPER 89
season and other mutual assistance materially expedited the work of
the Surveys and, it is hoped, were of aid to the University as well.
Boysen Reservoir site—In 1950 the Wyoming party operated in
the Boysen Reservoir from June 20 to August 15, during which time
excavations of varying magnitude were accomplished in nine sites
and a number of petroglyph sites were studied. Two of the sites
consisted of groups of stone circles, while the remainder were camps
containing hearths. At 48F R16, where dozens of stone circles lie on
terraces on the east side of the Bighorn River, the entire site was
mapped, as were individual circles, and the circles were examined in
detail both by minute inspection of the surface and by excavation.
Although there were central clusters of stones within some of the
rings, none appeared to have been subjected to intense heat; in fact,
no evidence of fire was found anywhere within the site. Nor were
any indications of floors observable. Artifacts were found in exceed-
ingly small numbers. Flakes and percussion-flaked quartzite cores
were most common and there were only occasional blades and
projectile points.
Site 48FR25, on the north side of Poison Creek, was the other
group of stone circles investigated. The circles were mapped and a
surface collection was made. Near this site, but on the opposite bank
of Poison Creek in an area sheltered by considerable sand dunes,
were stone hearths, often containing mano and metate fragments.
Both surface and basin-shaped hearths were included. This site,
48FR25, yielded artifacts, including corner-notched projectile points,
in rather small quantities. Because of their proximity and a similarity
in the artifact assemblages from these two sites, Mulloy has suggested
the possibility that they are related and that the stone circles served
some special function for the inhabitants of the camp site.
Other camp sites in which excavation was done include 48FR33,
48FR55, and 48F R59, all of which contained hearths and yielded
artifact collections apparently rather similar to that from 48FRs.
Sites 48FR8, in the sand dunes along the north bank of Muddy
Creek, and 48FR34, at the base of a sandstone outcropping on which
there are numerous petroglyphs, appear to be continuous, but the
latter consists of two occupational levels separated by a sterile sand
layer. Both levels produced corner-notched points which exhibit some
differences.
Keyhole Reservoir site—During a month in June and July, 1951,
Mulloy, with a force of 6 workers, partially dug site 48CK7 (McKean
site) on the Belle Fourche River in the Keyhole Reservoir area. This
site, unimpressive as far as surface evidence is concerned, proved
go SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 120
upon excavation to be unusually extensive and productive. In the
limited time available, five trenches 75 feet long were dug at intervals
of 200 feet perpendicular to the border of the terrace upon which
the site is situated and, in addition, the earth from 145 5-foot squares
was removed and screened. Cultural material was found to a depth
of as much as 4 feet in two well-defined occupational levels separated
by a sterile zone. The upper cultural deposit, like the lower one, is
covered by sterile earth, a fact which explains the unpromising sur-
face appearance of the site. The lack of any cultural material in the
upper deposits of an abandoned meander adjacent to the terrace edge
suggests that this feature postdates even the later occupation.
The upper cultural horizon contained large rock-filled hearths,
while the hearths in the lower level were smaller and only part of
them were stone-lined. The relatively considerable cultural inven-
tories of the two horizons differ in several respects, among which
the projectile point differences are prominent. The earlier points are
either of the McKean type defined by Wheeler or are similarly basally
notched but have proximally constricted edges to create shoulders
and a stem. There is no grinding on any of the specimens. The points
in the upper level, by contrast, are predominantly corner-notched
and convex-sided or triangular and unnotched. Certain other differ-
ences in the two levels suggest distinct economic orientations. The
later deposits contained mano and metate fragments, numerous mussel
shells, and very few bones, while the earlier ones lacked grinding stones
and mussels and produced greater quantities of bone, especially of
larger forms.
Productive as the 1951 excavations were, the evidence is that the
parts of the site in which occur the heaviest concentrations of cultural
material remain unexcavated. Accordingly, it was decided that addi-
tional excavation in the site should be undertaken in 1952.
CONCLUSION
Some measure of the emphasis on and accomplishment of actual
salvage operations during 1950 and 1951 is provided by the statistics
relating to the basin-wide archeological program. These show that the
combined efforts of the River Basin Surveys and other participating
agencies resulted in the excavation of 66 sites in 11 reservoirs rather
widely distributed in the Missouri Basin. This is in addition to some
minor testing in a few other sites which cannot be tabulated because
the pertinent figures are not given in certain of the reports on file
with the Project. The magnitude of operations varied widely, depend-
ing primarily upon the characteristics of the sites in question. Thus,
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I95I—COOPER gI
at Boysen Reservoir, only a few days to a month were spent by the
Project party at each of the shallow and/or small sites investigated.
On the other hand, nearly two full seasons were devoted to Rock
Village and the Oldham site, large important earth-lodge villages on
the Missouri River in the Garrison and Fort Randall Reservoirs,
respectively. The fact that reconnaissance was the sole responsibility
of but a single small party each year also reflects the changing em-
phasis from extensive search to discover what remains are threatened
to intensive study of the important sites which will be submerged.
Despite the seemingly considerable accomplishment in the way of ex-
cavation suggested by the figures cited above, in actuality work will
have to proceed in the future on an appreciably larger scale, at least
in some areas, if the minimum essential sample of the archeological
data is to be obtained. Only three of the hundreds of earth-lodge
villages to be lost in the Oahe Reservoir had been at all extensively
excavated by the end of 1951, and additional work in one of these is
necessary.
The reconnaissance of a large number of reservoirs, most of them
in the more westerly portions of the Basin, gratifyingly revealed that
a number of the smaller projects will result in no serious archeological
loss and will require no further attention, although others will call
for additional examination if construction is initiated.
Although the full significance of the intensive research by the vari-
ous agencies in Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, and the Dakotas will
not be known until the laboratory studies have been completed and
the results made available, it is evident that a considerable advance
in our knowledge of aboriginal culture history over a wide spatial
and temporal range can be anticipated. In the western part of the
area, the recent work in the Angostura, Boysen, Canyon Ferry, Key-
hole, and Tiber Reservoirs has produced information that is rather
uneven as far as quantity and potentiality for reconstructing history
are concerned. Sites within the confines of the Canyon Ferry Reser-
voir appear to have been occupied so briefly and are so unproductive
that any interpretation must be largely of a negative nature. Else-
where, on the other hand, new information was acquired which should
materially aid in closing some of the temporal and spatial gaps in the
current picture of prehistoric occupancy of the western Plains. As
far as the apparently earliest occupations that have been studied are
concerned, the work of the two years under review consisted mainly
of supplementation of previous investigations. At the Ray Long site
in the Angostura Reservoir area, the exposing of a rather extensive
area yielded a few additional specimens of the characteristic Angos-
Q2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
tura point but added little to the cultural inventory otherwise. The
radiocarbon dates of 7073 + 300 and 7715 + 740 are, unfortunately,
from an area of the site that has yielded no diagnostic points in situ,
but there is good reason to believe the dates are applicable to these
distinctive artifacts. Nearly 300 miles to the southeast, in the Medi-
cine Creek Reservoir, the continued excavations in buried sites on
Lime Creek, most especially in the Red Smoke site, added consider-
ably to the previously rather scanty collection of Plainview points,
established the association of the Plainview and the somewhat similar
Meserve point, and expanded the inventory of other artifacts in the
complex. Although the geological associations of the Angostura and
Medicine Creek deposits are not such as to permit comparison be-
tween the two and radiocarbon dates have not yet been obtained for
the latter, the Plainview occupation at Lime Creek is presumably the
earlier. Plainview and Meserve points have been found elsewhere
associated with extinct bison, while at the Agate Basin site, which
produced points rather closely resembling Angostura points, only
modern bison are reported.
Evidence newly acquired promises to fill in many details regarding
the succession of cultures during the several millennia succeeding
the earliest occupations in the more westerly parts of the Plains. Indi-
cations that eventually a number of horizons can be defined for this
area are beginning to emerge from the relatively scanty data now on
hand, and recent investigations under the salvage program will un-
doubtedly sharpen the definitions. The prospects seem bright that, as
instances of stratification multiply, as the artifact assemblages for
different complexes are expanded, and as radiocarbon dates are deter-
mined, a relatively complete history of the region can be developed.
At the present time, a general succession of projectile-point forms
seems to be definable, but undoubtedly as additional research results
in the determination of more or less complete complexes and of finer
typological distinctions, a much more refined temporal and cultural
breakdown will be achieved. Pending additional excavation, or at
least the analysis of the data now in the laboratories, about all that
can be said at present is that small notched and unnotched triangular
points were preceded by corner-notched points, which were in turn
preceded by lanceolate and other points that seem to occur in rela-
tively early contexts in the region and elsewhere.
Apparently later in time than the complex represented at the Ray
Long site is a culture newly defined, mainly on the basis of work in
the Keyhole Reservoir. Both here and in the Angostura Reservoir,
its most distinctive artifact, the McKean point, has been found strati-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, 1950-I95I—COOPER 93
graphically beneath other cultural deposits, and in one stratified site,
48CK7, the prospect is for the recovery of a rather exhaustive arti-
fact assemblage associated with the points. At a number of sites in
the various reservoirs the predominant point is either corner-notched
or side-notched, and where stratigraphic evidence exists, the latter
seems to characterize the latest occupations. For the later part of the
time span of aboriginal occupation of this region, the presence or
absence of pottery seems to depend at least partly on factors other
than temporal ones. It is probable, for example, that potteryless sites
with a predominance of side-notched triangular points are generally
later in time than sites yielding heavy, cord-marked pottery and
corner-notched points. Later nonceramic sites may, of course, repre-
sent occupations either by groups using no pottery or by small hunting
parties of pottery-making peoples. In the Boysen area, the occurrence
of large numbers of metates and manos in sites producing corner-
notched points suggests a considerable emphasis on gathering, which
may represent an orientation different from that of other complexes
in the area.
As yet it is difficult to fit the relatively few occurrences of pottery
in the western Plains into the cultural picture of the Plains as a whole,
since the small collections generally cannot be surely identified with
known complexes. The sherds from the upper levels of site 48CK204
in the Keyhole Reservoir are apparently referable to a Woodland
variant, and some sherds from 39FA23 and 39FA83, in the Angos-
tura Reservoir, for example, could be lost in the collections from
Upper Republican sites in southern Nebraska, but much of the pot-
tery, notably that from the Boysen and Tiber Reservoirs, does not
appear to be closely related to any well-defined ceramic complexes.
Present evidence indicates that pottery-bearing sites are widely dis-
tributed, although apparently in small numbers, throughout the west-
ern Plains, but their significance in the late prehistory of the region
will be known only when more knowledge of their distribution and
variations is at hand. What little is known of the associations and
stratigraphic position of pottery in the part of the region west of
the Black Hills suggests that it does not occur here earlier than fairly
late prehistoric times. The presence of pottery beneath 8 feet and
more of overburden at site 24TL26 in the Tiber Reservoir is appar-
ently evidence for depositional recency rather than for ceramic
antiquity.
In the Harlan County Reservoir, the investigations of the Univer-
sity of Nebraska, when reported, will expand our knowledge of a
number of cultural entities of the ceramic period in the central Plains.
94. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Together with the results of the intensive work of the River Basin
Surveys in the Medicine Creek Reservoir, new information on Upper
Republican and Woodland manifestations should provide, in the
case of the former, a comprehensive cultural picture unprecedented
in the Plains and, in the case of the latter, illumination of the varia-
tions present in the region. Continuing excavations at White Cat
Village constitute an unusually thorough study of a single Dismal
River community and should reveal much in regard to the community
plan and the everyday life of the inhabitants. Finally, it is to be hoped
that work in sites of a fourth manifestation will permit an adequate
definition of a complex about which tantalizingly little is known from
sites at Glen Elder, Kansas, and on White Rock Creek, in the Love-
well Reservoir area.
Perhaps the outstanding contribution of the work of the Nebraska
State Historical Society in the Trenton Reservoir consists in the addi-
tional information it produced on the range and character of the
Woodland variant known as the Keith focus, although the presence of
two or three new, as yet undefinable, Woodland variants was also
demonstrated.
By far the largest part of the resources of the agencies engaged in
the salvage program was expended on the Missouri River in the
Dakotas, where hundreds of village sites will be flooded when three
large dams now under construction are completed. In the Garrison
Reservoir, North Dakota, the River Basin Surveys excavated in two
earth-lodge village sites, 32ME15 and 32ME16, and in a frontier
military post, Fort Stevenson (32ML1). The extensive excavations
in the Rock Village (32MEr15), probably occupied by a predomi-
nantly Hidatsa group, are the first of any magnitude accomplished
in a site attributable to this tribe, and reveal Hidatsa culture before
any appreciable replacement by objects of industrial society origin
had taken place. The Star Village (32ME16), on the other hand,
represents a village of the Arikara, a group with a material culture
fundamentally similar to that of the Hidatsa, at a time when the earth
lodge was still built but artifacts of White origin had largely replaced
native products. In part still later in time is the Like-a-Fishhook
site, composed of earth lodges and cabins, occupied by the three village
tribes—the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara—mainly in the latter half
of the nineteenth century. Small camp sites investigated by the Uni-
versity of Montana in the same vicinity probably represents occupa-
tions by small hunting and gathering parties from the larger earth-
lodge villages in the region.
Recent excavations by the River Basin Surveys and other institu-
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I195I—COOPER 95
tions in the lower part of the Oahe Reservoir and in the Fort Ran-
dall Reservoir have revealed cultural remains that apparently will be
assignable to something more than ro foci. Although there seems no
doubt that some of these complexes represent different stages of
development in single cultural traditions, additional research will be
necessary before it is possible to state in each instance what differ-
ences are of primarily temporal significance. One thing, however,
seems clear; the region is characterized, not by the development
through time of a single cultural tradition, but by several traditions
present during various segments of the total cultural time span and
participating in the characteristics of the horizons into which that
time span can undoubtedly be subdivided. Relationships to cultural
manifestations both to the east and the south are apparent in the
materials recovered to date, and analysis now in progress will un-
doubtedly clarify these relationships. External evidences of the rela-
tive temporal positions of various complexes have already made pos-
sible the construction of a partial sequence. Cultural deposits have
been found in clear stratigraphic relationship at the Scalp Creek,
Dodd, Talking Crow, Cheyenne River, and Oldham sites. At the
Scalp Creek site, a Woodland component assignable to the Loseke
Creek focus defined in Nebraska underlay a component related to
the La Roche site. At the Oldham site, an occupation with Great
Oasis pottery is earlier than one related to the Oacoma sites and the
latest occupation at the Talking Crow site, where the earliest occupa-
tion, assigned to the Campbell Creek focus, bears some relationship
to the Nebraska and Upper Republican manifestations. At the Dodd
site, two components characterized by long rectangular houses and
cord-marked pottery lay beneath a horizon containing circular houses,
simple-stamped pottery, and White trade goods. Finally, at the Chey-
enne River site, a historic occupation in the Arikara tradition is later
than a component with predominantly incised pottery, which in turn
overlies rectangular structures. Other evidences for placement of
sites in time consists, of course, in the presence or absence of metal
and, as a partial framework based on external evidence is constructed,
the internal evidence of typology is becoming more significant as a
means of completing the sequence.
It should be apparent that when present studies have been reported
a good beginning will have been made toward filling the gap in our
knowledge of cultural history in the area where the largest reservoirs
in the water-development program will eliminate a large proportion
of the archeological data, the Missouri River in the Dakotas. It will
be only a beginning, however; perhaps the most impressive accom-
96 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
plishment of the investigations to date has been the revelation of the
complexity of the region’s archeology. Unless a great deal of addi-
tional investigation is accomplished before the dams, especially the
Oahe Dam, are completed, we shall have not a great deal more than
the scant consolation of knowing that prehistory along the Missouri
River was far more complex than was suspected before the salvage
program began.
Live RATURE CIEE
Butss, WESLEY L.
1950. Birdshead Cave, a stratified site in Wind River Basin, Wyoming.
Amer. Antiquity, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 187-1096, illus.
CHAMPE, JOHN L.
1949. White Cat Village, Amer. Antiquity, vol. 14, No. 4, pt. 1, pp. 285-292,
illus.
CoMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
1863. Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the year 1862.
Cooper, PAuL L.
1949. Recent investigations in Fort Randall and Oahe Reservoirs, South
Dakota. Amer. Antiquity, vol. 14, No. 4, pt. 1, pp. 300-310, illus.
FENNEMAN, Nevin M.
1931. Physiography of western United States. xiii+534 pp., illus. New
York and London.
GeEorGE, EpyTHE L.
1949. Report of the investigation of the Robinson site, Hughes County,
South Dakota. State Archaeological Commission, Archaeological
Studies, Circular No. 1.
HeEweEs, Gorpon W.
1949a. The 1947 summer field session in archeology, University of North
Dakota. Proc. 5th Plains Conference for Archeology, Notebook
No. 1, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Nebraska, pp.
21-24.
1949b. Pottery from the sites excavated by the 1947 North Dakota field
session. Proc. 5th Plains Conference for Archeology, Notebook
No. 1, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Nebraska, pp. 58-
67.
Hi, A. T., and Kiverr, Marvin.
1940. Notes concerning additional Woodland remains in Nebraska. Ne-
braska Hist., vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 194-243, illus.
Hixz, A. T., and WeEDEL, WALDo R.
1936. Excavations at the Leary Indian village and burial site, Richardson
County, Nebraska. Nebraska Hist., vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 3-73, illus.
Hoarp, Lyon J.
1949. Report of the investigation of the Myers site, Stanley County, South
Dakota. State Archaeological Commission, Archaeological Studies,
Circular No. 2.
HucHEs, Jack T.
1949. Investigations in western South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming.
Amer. Antiquity, vol. 14, No. 4, pt. 1, pp. 266-277, illus.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I19Q5I—-COOPER 97
1950. An experiment in relative dating of archeological remains by stream
terraces. Texas Archeol. and Pal. Soc. Bull., vol. 21, pp. 97-104.
Hort, WEsteEy R., Jr.
1951. Report of the investigation of the Swanson site, 39BR16, Brule
County, South Dakota. State Archaeological Commission, Archae-
ological Studies, Circular No. 3.
1952. Report of the investigation of the Scalp Creek site, 39GR1, and the
Ellis Creek site, 39GR2, Gregory County, South Dakota. South
Dakota Archaeological Commission, Archaeological Studies, Cir-
cular No. 4.
JENNINGS, JESSE D., editor.
1950. Proceedings of the Sixth Plains Archeological Conference. Univ.
Utah Anthrop. Pap., No. 11.
Kivett, Marvin F.
1952. Woodland sites in Nebraska. Nebraska State Hist. Soc. Publ.
Anthrop., No. 1.
1953. The Woodruff ossuary, a prehistoric burial site in Phillips County,
Kansas. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. Bull. 154, River Basin Surveys
Pap., No. 3, pp. 103-141, illus.
LEHMER, DONALD J.
1951. Pottery types from the Dodd site, Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota.
Plains Archeological Conference News Letter, vol. 4, No. 2.
1952. The Fort Pierre Branch, central South Dakota. Amer. Antiquity,
vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 329-336, illus.
1954. Archeological investigations in the Oahe Dam area, South Dakota,
1950-51. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. Bull. 158, 190 pp., 22 pls., 56 figs.,
6 maps.
Lipsy, Orrin G.
1908. Indians of North Dakota. Coll. State Hist. Soc. North Dakota,
vol. 2, pp. 461-497.
1920. The Arikara narrative of the campaign against the hostile Dakotas,
June, 1876. North Dakota Hist. Coll., vol. 6.
Mattes, Merritt J.
1949. Report on historic sites in the Fort Randall Reservoir area, Mis-
souri River, South Dakota. South Dakota Hist. Coll. and Rep.,
vol. 24, Pp. 470-577.
Mattison, Ray H.
1951. Report on historical aspects of the Garrison Reservoir area, Mis-
souri River. Mimeographed report of Region 2 Office, National
Park Service.
MELEEN, E, E.
1948. A report on an investigation of the LaRoche site, Stanley County,
South Dakota. Univ. South Dakota Mus. Archaeol. Studies, Cir-
cular 5.
1949. A preliminary report on the Thomas Riggs village site. Amer. An-
tiquity, vol. 14, No. 4, pt. I, pp. 310-321, illus.
Srirtinc, MATTHEW W.
1924. Archeological investigations in South Dakota. Explorations and
Field-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1923, pp. 66-71, illus.
98 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
StrRoNG, WILLIAM DUNCAN.
1935. An introduction to Nebraska archeology. Smithsonian Misc. Coll.
vol. 93, No. 10, 312 pp., illus.
1940. From history to prehistory in the northern Great Plains. Smith-
sonian Misc. Coll., vol. 100, pp. 353-394, illus.
TROBRIAND, PHILIPPE REGIS DE.
1951. Military life in Dakota. (Translated and edited by Lucile M. Kane.)
Clarence Walworth Alvord Memorial Commission Publ. No. 2.
Mississippi Valley Historical Association.
VICKERS, CurIs.
1949. Report for Manitoba. Proc. 5th Plains Conference for Archeology,
Notebook No. 1, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Ne-
braska, pp. 32-34.
WEDEL, WALDO R.
1935. Reports on field work by the archaeological survey of the Nebraska
State Historical Society, May 1-July 23, 10934. Nebraska Hist.
Mag., vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 132-256, illus.
1940. Culture sequences in the central Great Plains. Smithsonian Misc.
Coll., vol. 100, pp. 291-352, illus.
1947a. Note on some potsherds from northeastern Wyoming. Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 157-159, illus.
1947b. Prehistory and the Missouri Valley development program: Sum-
mary report on the Missouri River Basin Archeological Survey in
1946. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. vol. 107, No. 6, 17 pp., illus.
1948. Prehistory and the Missouri Valley development program: Summary
report on the Missouri River Basin Archeological Survey in 1047.
Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 111, No. 2, 52 pp., illus.
1951. Notes on aboriginal pottery from Montana. Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 130-138, illus.
1953a. Prehistory and the Missouri Valley development program: Sum-
mary report on the Missouri River Basin Archeological Survey in
1948. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. Bull. 154, River Basin Surveys Pap.,
No. 1, pp. 1-59, illus.
1953b. Prehistory and the Missouri Valley development program: Sum-
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No. 2, pp. 61-101, illus.
WHEELER, RicHaArpD P.
1952. A note on the “McKean lanceolate point.” Plains Archeological
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1954. Selected projectile point types of the United States: II. Bull. Okla-
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Waite, THEODORE E.
1952a. Observations on the butchering technique of some aboriginal peoples:
I. Amer. Antiquity, vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 337-338.
1952b. Preliminary analysis of the vertebrate fossil fauna of the Boysen
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1954. Preliminary analysis of the fossil vertebrates of the Canyon Ferry
Reservoir area. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 103, pp. 395-438, illus.
NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I950-I1Q5I—COOPER 99
Witrorp, Lioyp A.
1945. Three village sites of the Mississippi pattern in Minnesota. Amer.
Antiquity, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 32-40, illus.
WiLL, GeorceE F., and Hecker, THap C,
1944. Upper Missouri River Valley aboriginal culture in North Dakota.
North Dakota Hist. Quart., vol. 11, Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 5-126, illus.
Witson, GILBert L.
1934. The Hidatsa earthlodge. Anthrop. Pap. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol.
33, Pt. 5, PP. 341-420, illus.
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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOLUME 126, NUMBER 3
(Enp oF VoLuME)
Charles D. and Mary Waux Walcott
Research Fund
A REVISION OF SOME GLANDULINE
NODOSARIIDAE (FORAMINIFERA)
(WiTH One Prats)
By
ALFRED R. LOEBLICH, JR.
U. S. National Museum
AND
HELEN TAPPAN
Research Associate, Smithsonian Institution
(Pusiication 4189)
CITY OF WASHINGTON
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
FEBRUARY 3, 1955
The Zord Baltimore Press
BALTIMORE, MD., U. 8 A.
Charles B. and Mary Vaux Walcott Research Fund
A REVISION OF SOME GLANDULINE
NODOSARIIDAE (FORAMINIFERA)
By ALFRED R. LOEBLICH, JR.
U. S. National Museum
AND
HELEN TAPPAN
Research Associate, Smithsonian Institution
(Wit 1 PLatTe)
In 1839 d’Orbigny described Glandulina as a subgenus of Nodo-
saria (type species Nodosaria (Glanduline) laevigata d’Orbigny,
1826). This type species has a biserial early chamber arrangement
and, as was shown much later, also an internal tube connecting with
the radial aperture.
For many years all uniserial forms with strongly overlapping
chambers were placed in this genus. In 1929 Cushman proposed a
new generic name, Pseudoglandulina, for the completely uniserial
forms, leaving in Glandulina those species which, like the type species,
have an early biserial chamber arrangement. Perhaps because the
early stages are not always clearly visible, in recent years the generic
names Glandulina and Pseudoglandulina have both been rather
loosely applied, many completely uniserial forms being left in Glan-
dulina and some with a biserial stage and internal tube were placed
in Pseudoglandulina. Some authors even placed the species laevigata,
the type of Glandulina, in Pseudoglandulina, although d’Orbigny’s
name had nearly a century’s priority.
The type designated by Cushman for the genus Pseudoglandulina
was Nautilus comatus Batsch, but as will be shown in the generic
discussion that follows, this form is actually a Nodosaria; hence the
name is a junior synonym. As a new name is therefore needed for
the uniserial, rectilinear Glandulina-like species, one is here proposed.
Recently, Boomgaart (1949) proposed the name Pseudonodosaria
for the rectilinear Glandulina-like species which show a tendency to
become like Nodosaria in the adult, with inflated, less-embracing
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 126, NO. 3
2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
chambers and constricted sutures. A description is here given of an
American species we consider to belong to this genus.
During the course of these investigations we found specimens of
a Glandulina-like form that differed from those mentioned above in
having a uniserial chamber arrangement, but with a curved axis, some-
what as in Marginulina and with strongly embracing chambers. A
new name has been here proposed to include this new species and
some earlier described species formerly referred to Glandulina.
The three genera here considered should be classed with the Nodo-
sariidae, as they have a hyaline calcareous wall and radial aperture
and show neither a biserial early stage nor an internal siphon.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to determine from the literature to
which of these genera each described species should be referred, as
many writers have ignored the early portions of their species in both
figures and descriptions and few have shown the internal characters.
Many of the species must be critically re-examined to determine
whether they should be placed in Glandulina, Pseudonodosaria, or in
one of the two genera here named, Rectoglandulina or Pandaglan-
dulina.
Family NODOSARIIDAE Schultze, 1854
Genus PSEUDOGLANDULINA Cushman, 1929, suppressed
Pseudoglandulina CusHMaAn, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, p. 87,
1929.
Type species—Nautilus comatus Batsch, 1791. Original desig-
nation.
Discussion Cushman (1929, p. 87) defined Pseudoglandulina as
similar to Nodosaria but with embracing chambers, and as differing
from Glandulina in lacking the early biserial “pyruline” stage. Cush-
man designated Nautilus comatus Batsch, 1791, as type species of
Pseudoglandulina.
Batsch (1791, pl. 1, fig. 2a-d) originally figured two completely
different types as Nautilus comatus. One of these was a typical
Nodosaria (fig. 2a, b) and the other a Glandulina (fig. 2c, d). Ap-
parently it was the latter form to which Cushman referred. How-
ever, Parker, Jones, and Brady (1865, p. 226) had earlier recognized
these distinct differences in Batsch’s figures, and they had already
designated Batsch’s fig. 2a, b, as Nodosaria comata (Batsch) (al-
though stating that this was a “smallish specimen of Nodosaria
raphanus’), and they referred Batsch’s fig. 2c, d, to Glandulina glans
d’Orbigny. Thus when Cushman designated Nautilus comatus Batsch
NO. 3. GLANDULINE NODOSARIIDAE—LOEBLICH AND TAPPAN 3
as type species of Pseudoglandulina he immediately, although un-
knowingly, created only a junior synonym of Nodosaria, for Parker,
Jones, and Brady had selected the nodosarian form as the type of
comatus. Even if the genus were based on the other form of Batsch
(the one later referred to Glandulina glans d’Orbigny by Parker,
Jones, and Brady), Pseudoglandulina would have no standing for it
would then be a synonym of Glandulina as was shown by Selli (1947,
p. 5, pl. 3, figs. 1-6). He showed Glandulina glans d’Orbigny to be
a true Glandulina with internal tube and biserial early stage. Selli
considered G. glans to be the type of Pseudoglandulina and therefore
considered the latter to be a synonym of Glandulina. However,
Parker, Jones, and Brady’s assignation of the name comatus to the
nodosarian form of Batsch precludes this later fixation by Selli.
Nevertheless, Pseudoglandulina has been recognized by many fo-
raminiferal workers, although there has been much confusion between
this genus and Glandulina d’Orbigny, 1826 (type species G. laevigata
d’Orbigny). This confusion culminated in the referring of some
specimens by Renz (1948, p. 154), and by Cushman and McCulloch,
as late as 1950 (p. 325) to the combination “Pseudoglandulina
laevigata (d’Orbigny).”’ The specimens of Cushman and McCulloch
were typical Glandulina however, and they clearly showed the internal
tube in their figures. Nevertheless, these authors had placed the type
species of Glandulina (laevigata) in another genus (Pseudoglan-
dulina), which is antedated by nearly a century. The type species of
a genus could not in any legal way be placed in a later-named genus.
This unfortunate type citation places the genus Pseudoglandulina
within the synonymy of Nodosaria and the name must therefore be
suppressed. Furthermore, many specimens referred in the literature
to Pseudoglandulina are obviously true Glandulina showing either a
biserial base or internal tube or both, and many other references
would seem to be better placed in Nodosaria or in Pseudonodosaria
Boomgaart, 1949. Nevertheless, some species remain for which a
name must be proposed, as they can not be placed in Nodosaria,
or in Glandulina or Pseudonodosaria.
Genus RECTOGLANDULINA Loeblich and Tappan, new genus
Pseudoglandulina (part) CUSHMAN, 1920, and later authors.
Glandulina (part) of authors, not d’Orbigny, 1826.
Nodosaria (part) of authors, not Lamarck, 1812.
Type species—Rectoglandulina appressa Loeblich and Tappan,
new species.
4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Derivation.—rectus L. straight, upright+glandula L. dim. acorn
(shaped). Gender feminine.
Diagnosis —Test free, uniserial, with chambers increasing rapidly
in diameter and strongly overlapping, sutures horizontal and parallel,
never strongly depressed ; wall calcareous ; aperture terminal, radiate.
Remarks.—This genus differs from Glandulina d’Orbigny in lack-
ing an early biserial stage, and from Pseudonodosaria Boomgaart in
having all chambers closely appressed and with the later chambers
unseparated by constricted sutures as are found in Pseudonodosaria.
It includes many of the species previously placed in Pseudoglandulina
Cushman, 1929, but does not include the type species of Pseudo-
glandulina, Nautilus comatus Batsch, which has been shown to belong
to the genus Nodosaria Lamarck, 1812.
RECTOGLANDULINA APPRESSA Loeblich and Tappan, new species
Plate 1, figures 1-4
Pseudoglandulina lagenoides (Olszewski) CUSHMAN and DeEaADERICK (not
Glandulina lagenoides Olszewski, 1875), Journ. Pal., vol. 18, p. 334, pl. 51,
figs. 14, 15, 1944.
Pseudoglandulina sp. PLuMMER, Univ. Texas Bull. 3101, p. 158, pl. 10, figs.
16, 17, 1031.
not Pseudoglandulina lagenoides (Olszewski) CusHMAN and HeEpBERG, Contr.
Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 17, p. 89, pl. 21, fig. 34, 1941—CUSHMAN
and Topp, ibid., vol. 19, p. 58, pl. 10, fig. 14, 1943.—CusHMAN, ibid., vol. 20,
p. 8, pl. 2, fig. 4, 1944—CusuMan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 206, p.
76, pl. 27, fig. 29, 1946.
Test free, subfusiform, widest centrally, chambers uniserial, closely
appressed, increasing rapidly in diameter from the pointed base, last
chamber occupying one-half to three-fifths the length of the test,
elongate turbinate in form; sutures distinct, horizontal, flush with
the surface; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture terminal,
radiate.
Length of holotype 0.44 mm., greatest breadth 0.23 mm. Other
specimens range from 0.26 to 0.57 mm. in length.
Types and occurrence-—Holotype (U.S.N.M. P2o10), figured para-
types (U.S.N.M. P2orta-c), and unfigured paratypes (U.S.N.M.
P2012) all from the Ozan sand, 7.8 miles south of Nashville on State
Highway 4, Hempstead County, Ark., Deaderick Collection. Un-
figured paratypes (U.S.N.M. P2013) from the Annona chalk, 8.3
miles south of Mineral Springs on the road to Saratoga, 0.4 mile north
of junction with Okay road, Howard County, Ark., Deaderick Collec-
tion. Unfigured paratypes (Cushman Coll. 41957 and 41958) from
NO. 3 GLANDULINE NODOSARIIDAE—LOEBLICH AND TAPPAN 5
north side of road, 2 miles east of Saratoga on road to Columbus, Ark.,
Deaderick Collection. Unfigured paratype (U.S.N.M. P2014) from
the Corsicana marl, 2 miles south of Manda, Travis County, Tex.
Unfigured paratype (U.S.N.M. P2015) from the Corsicana marl, on
Mexia highway at forks of Wortham road, 2.8 miles ESE of Cooledge,
Limestone County, Tex. Unfigured paratypes (U.S.N.M. P2016)
from the Taylor marl, Colorado River, 1 mile NNE of Delvalle,
Travis County, Tex.
Remarks.—Cushman and others had referred this species to Pseu-
doglandulina lagenoides (Olszewski) but had also included with it
many varying forms, some fusiform, others subcylindrical, some with
bluntly rounded base, others with pointed and even apiculate base.
The present species differs from Glandulina lagenoides Olszewski in
having much lower chambers and in the shape of the test. G. lage-
noides has a strongly fusiform test in contrast to the subfusiform out-
line of Rectoglandulina appressa.
RECTOGLANDULINA OBESA Loeblich and Tappan, new species
Plate 1, figures 5a-6
Test free, robust, ovate in outline, widest slightly above the midline,
base pointed, apertural end broadly rounded, chambers rectilinear,
very strongly overlapping, final chamber occupying three-fifths the
length of the test; sutures distinct, horizontal, flush, not constricted ;
wall calcareous, hyaline, surface smooth; aperture terminal, radiate.
Length of holotype 0.47 mm., greatest breadth 0.34 mm. Paratypes
range from 0.36 to 0.68 mm. in length and from 0.21 to 0.36 mm. in
breadth.
Types and occurrence.—Holotype (U.S.N.M. P2017), figured para-
type (U.S.N.M. P2018), and unfigured paratypes (U.S.N.M. P2019)
all from the Ozan sand, Murfreesboro road, 0.9 mile west of Wright’s
Store at junction of Okolona and Murfreesboro roads, Clark County,
Ark., Deaderick Collection. Unfigured paratypes (U.S.N.M. P2020)
from the Annona chalk in a natural erosion about one-half mile north
of White Cliffs Post Office, Ark., Deaderick Collection.
Remarks.—This species somewhat resembles Glandulina inflata
Bornemann from the Oligocene of Germany but differs in being
smaller, in having a more broadly rounded upper surface, rather than
a produced aperture, and a more rounded final chamber.
6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Genus PSEUDONODOSARIA Boomgaart, 1949
Pseudonodosaria BoomGAart, Smaller Foraminifera from Bodjonegoro (Java),
Thesis Univ. Utrecht, p. 81, 1949.
Type species —Glandulina discreta Reuss, 1850. Original desig-
nation.
Test free, uniserial and rectilinear throughout, chambers embracing
strongly in the early portion, later chambers inflated, less embracing
and separated by constricted sutures; sutures horizontal; aperture
terminal, radiate.
PSEUDONODOSARIA LARVA (Carsey)
Plate 1, figures 7-11
Nodosaria larva CarsEy, Univ. Texas Bull. 2612, p. 31, pl. 2, fig. 2, 1926.
Nodosaria radicula (Linné) PLumMMeER (not Nautilus radicula Linné, 1758),
Univ. Texas Bull. 3101, p. 155, pl. 11, fig. 2 (? fig. 1), 1931.
Pseudoglandulina manifesta (Reuss) CusHMAN (not Glandulina manifesta
Reuss, 1851), U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 76, pl. 27, figs. 21-26
(not fig. 20), 1946.
Test free, elongate, base smooth and rounded, consisting of a recti-
linear series of chambers, early ones closely appressed, strongly over-
lapping and subcylindrical, later chambers slightly inflated with a
lesser amount of overlap and separated by slight constrictions, final
chamber turbinate in form, somewhat produced to the aperture;
sutures distinct, straight, horizontal, flush with the surface in the early
portion, slightly constricted in the later portion where the chambers
are more inflated; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface smooth; aperture
terminal, radiate. Specimens range from 0.39 to 0.88 mm. in length
and 0.18 to 0.26 mm. in width.
Types and occurrence Figured topotypes (U.S.N.M. P202I!a-e)
and unfigured topotypes (U.S.N.M. P2022) from basal Navarro
strata exposed in a steep 80-foot exposure on the right bank of Onion
Creek just east of the bridge on the Austin-Bastrop Highway, Travis
County, Tex. Collected by A. R. Loeblich, Jr.
Remarks.—Plummer placed Carsey’s species under the synonymy
of Nodosaria radicula (Linné) ; Cushman considered it equivalent
to Pseudoglandulina manifesta (Reuss). It differs from the former
species in having a rounded, rather than an apiculate base, and in
having closely appressed early chambers. It is also much smaller than
the Recent species. It differs from Reuss’s species in having a more
rounded base and a much less flaring test and in the later chambers
being more separated and sutures more constricted.
NO. 3. GLANDULINE NODOSARIIDAE—LOEBLICH AND TAPPAN re
Genus PANDAGLANDULINA Loeblich and Tappan, new genus
Type species—Pandaglandulina dinapolii Loeblich and Tappan,
new species,
Derivation—pandus L. bent, curved+glandula L. dim. acorn
(shaped). Gender feminine.
Diagnosis —Test free, like Rectoglandulina with chambers much
overlapping, and all chambers uniserially arranged, but with a slightly
arcuate axis, sutures very slightly radiate in the early portion, later
ones horizontal, and may be very slightly depressed ; wall calcareous,
hyaline ; aperture terminal, radiate.
Remarks.—This genus differs from Rectoglandulina Loeblich and
Tappan, n. gen., in having a curved axis in the early portion, with the
sutures somewhat radial, rather than horizontal and parallel. It dif-
fers from Glandulina d’Orbigny in being uniserial throughout, rather
than biserial in the early portion, and in lacking an internal tube. It
differs from Pseudonodosaria Boomgaart in having a curved axis and
in having closely appressed chambers throughout, and in lacking the
constricted sutures of the later stage of Pseudonodosaria.
Glandulina laevigata var. dentalinoides Silvestri belongs to this
genus and very probably also Glandulina adunca Costa and Glandulina
laevigata var. marginulinoides Fornasini. In the latter two species
nothing is known of their interior structures.
PANDAGLANDULINA DINAPOLII Loeblich and Tappan, new species
Plate 1, figures 12-16
Test free, fusiform to elongate; chambers much embracing, uni-
serial but with a slightly curved axis; sutures straight, very slightly
radial in the early portion, later nearly horizontal, flush with the sur-
face or very slightly depressed in the later portion of the longer indi-
viduals ; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface smooth; aperture terminal,
radiate, slightly produced.
Length of holotype 0.83 mm., greatest breadth 0.39 mm. Other
specimens range from 0.68 to 1.17 mm. in length.
Types and occurrence.—Holotype (U.S.N.M. P2023) and figured
paratypes (U.S.N.M. P2024a-d) and unfigured paratypes (U.S.N.M.
P2025) all from the Lower Pliocene blue clays, Ponticello di Savena,
on right bank of the stream below the bridge near San Ruffillo, Prov-
ince of Bologna, Italy. Collected by H. T. and A. R. Loeblich, Jr.,
1954-
Remarks.—This species somewhat resembles the figures of Glandu-
lina laevigata d’Orbigny var. dentalinoides Silvestri, 1903, from the
8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 126
Miocene (Helvetian). Silvestri gave no magnification and no meas-
urements of his figures and the comparative size of the two forms is
not known. However, the present species has a more produced aper-
ture. Glandulina laevigata d’Orbigny var. marginulinoides Fornasini,
1901, from the Pliocene of Siena is also similar, but has constricted
sutures in the later portion, somewhat as in Pseudonodosaria.
Whether this is a diagnostic character or merely represents an aberrant
specimen is not known, but apparently only one specimen was found,
which would suggest the latter possibility. Glandulina adunca Costa
differs in being more slender with the early sutures nearly equidistant,
and final chamber higher and more tapering.
This species is named in honor of Dr. Enrico di Napoli Alliata, of
Rome, Italy, in recognition of his outstanding work on the Forami-
nifera of Italy.
REFERENCES
Barsem, A. °1GaAG.
1791. Conchylien des seesandes. Pp. 1-4, pls. 1-6. Jena.
BooMcGAart, L.
1949. Smaller Foraminifera from Bodjonegoro (Java). Thesis Univ.
Utrecht, pp. 1-175, pls. 1-14.
Carsey, D:'O.
1926. Foraminifera of the Cretaceous of Central Texas. Univ. Texas Bull.
2612, pp. 1-56, pls. 1-8.
CusHMAN, J. A.
1929. A late Tertiary fauna of Venezuela and other related regions. Contr.
Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, pp. 77-101, pls. 12-14.
CusHMaAN, J. A., and McCuttocg, I.
1950. Some Lagenidae in the collections of the Allan Hancock Foundation.
Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 295-364, pls. 37-48.
OLSZEWSKI, S.
1875. Otwornice marglu krédowego kotliny Lwowskiej. Sprawozd. Kom.
Fizyj. Akad. Umiej, Krakowie, vol. 9, pp. 95-149, pls. 1-2.
Parker, W. K., Jones, T. R., and Brapy, H. B.
1865. On the nomenclature of the Foraminifera. XI. The species enumer-
ated by Batsch in 1791. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 15, pp. 225-232.
PiumMer, H. J.
1931. Some Cretaceous Foraminifera in Texas. Univ. Texas Bull. 3101,
Pp. 109-203, pls. 8-15.
Renz; 0H. JE.
1948. Stratigraphy and fauna of the Agua Salada group, State of Falcdén,
Venezuela. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 32, pp. I-2109, pls. 1-12.
Seu, R.
1947. La struttura della Glandulina glans dOrbigny e la posizione siste-
matica del genere. Riv. Ital. Pal., pp. 1-20, pl. 3.
NO. 3. GLANDULINE NODOSARIIDAE—LOEBLICH AND TAPPAN 9
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1
Rectoglandulina, Pseudonodosaria, Pandaglandulina
Page
Fics. 1-4. Rectoglandulina appressa Loeblich and Tappan, new genus, new
SPCCISS:, ees wis Ae Cre HGP eer oselins caiees ane Se re ehebeteicans Latrobe acaraccis oy weaaee 4
I, 2, 4, Side views of paratypes (U.S.N.M. P2o1ta-c), showing
variations in form and outline, with subfusiform shape and large final
chamber. 3a, Side view of holotype (U.S.N.M. P2010). 3b, Top
view, showing radiate aperture. All from Ozan sand of Arkansas,
sf 107.
Fics. 5a-6. Rectoglandulina obesa Loeblich and Tappan, new species....... 5
5a, Side view of holotype (U.S.N.M. P2017), showing very inflated
character of this species. 5b, Top view, showing radiate aperture. 6, Side
view of paratype (U.S.N.M. P2018), showing a more pointed base.
Both from the Ozan sand of Arkansas, X II5.
BIGSH7-ll. seudonodosamaslarvg ((Carseys)- asc cacy tereiiicic oa cateoriaeta is 6
7-Qa, 10, 11, Side views of topotypes (U.S.N.M. P2o21a-e), show-
ing closely appressed early chambers, followed by more discrete, nodo-
sarian later chambers, and the turbinate form of the final chamber. gb,
Top view, showing radiate aperture. From basal Navarro strata of
Texas, X 59.
Fics. 12-16. Pandaglandulina dinapoliit Loeblich and Tappan, new genus,
NEW SHRIES” . sad antpe ox miciniiod Bald scp ar4-sisl MeL EER Peer te miata rele Mes a ms 7
12, 14-16, Side views of paratypes (U.S.N.M. P2024a-d), showing
marginuline-like early portion, with slightly radial sutures and curved
axis, followed by more rectilinear later chambers, with typical strong
chamber overlap, proportionately large final chamber and slightly pro-
duced apertural end. 13a, Side view of holotype (U.S.N.M. P2023).
13b, Top view showing radiate aperture. From the Pliocene of Italy,
X 45-
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Moko aeyer WO), TER al
Rectoglandulina, Pseudonodosaria, Pandaglandulina
(For explanation see page 0.)
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